home » For children » Why is February 23rd a holiday? Defender of the Fatherland Day: the history of the holiday, how to celebrate, congratulations

Why is February 23rd a holiday? Defender of the Fatherland Day: the history of the holiday, how to celebrate, congratulations

It originated in the USSR, then February 23 was annually celebrated as a national holiday - the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.

There was no document establishing February 23 as an official Soviet holiday. Soviet historiography associated the timing of the honoring of the military to this date with the events of 1918: on January 28 (15, old style) January 1918, the Council of People's Commissars (SNK), headed by Chairman Vladimir Lenin, adopted a Decree on the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and February 11 (January 29, old style) - Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF).

On February 22, the decree-appeal of the Council of People's Commissars "The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger!" was published, and on February 23, mass rallies were held in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), Moscow and other cities of the country, at which workers were urged to defend their Fatherland from the advancing German troops . This day was marked by the mass entry of volunteers into the Red Army and the beginning of the formation of its detachments and units.

On January 10, 1919, the chairman of the Higher Military Inspectorate of the Red Army, Nikolai Podvoisky, sent a proposal to the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) to celebrate the anniversary of the creation of the Red Army, timing the celebration to the nearest Sunday before or after January 28. However, due to the late submission of the application, no decision was made.

Then the Moscow Soviet took the initiative to celebrate the first anniversary of the Red Army. On January 24, 1919, the presidium, which at that time was headed by Lev Kamenev, decided to coincide with these celebrations on the day of the Red Gift, held to collect material and money for the Red Army.

Under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Central Committee was created to organize the celebration of the anniversary of the Red Army and the Red Gift Day, which scheduled the celebrations for Sunday, February 23. On February 5, Pravda and other newspapers published the following information: "The organization of the Red Gift Day throughout Russia has been postponed to February 23. On this day, the celebration of the anniversary of the creation of the Red Army, which will be celebrated on January 28, will be organized in cities and at the front."

On February 23, 1919, the citizens of Russia celebrated the anniversary of the Red Army for the first time, but this day was not celebrated either in 1920 or in 1921.

On January 27, 1922, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee published a resolution on the fourth anniversary of the Red Army, which stated: "In accordance with the resolution of the IX All-Russian Congress of Soviets on the Red Army, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee draws the attention of the executive committees to the upcoming anniversary of the creation of the Red Army (February 23)."

The Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, Lev Trotsky, arranged a military parade on Red Square that day, thus laying the foundation for the tradition of an annual nationwide celebration.

In 1923, the fifth anniversary of the Red Army was widely celebrated. The decision of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, adopted on January 18, 1923, stated: "On February 23, 1923, the Red Army will celebrate the 5th anniversary of its existence. On this day, five years ago, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 28 of the same the year that laid the foundation for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the stronghold of the proletarian dictatorship."

The tenth anniversary of the Red Army in 1928, like all previous ones, was celebrated as the anniversary of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the organization of the Red Army of January 28, 1918, but the very date of publication was directly linked to February 23.

In 1938, in the "Short Course on the History of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks" a fundamentally new version of the origin of the date of the holiday was presented, not related to the decree of the Council of People's Commissars. The book stated that in 1918, near Narva and Pskov, "the German invaders were given a decisive rebuff. Their advance on Petrograd was suspended. The day of the rebuff to the troops of German imperialism - February 23, became the birthday of the young Red Army."

Later, in the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated February 23, 1942, the wording was slightly changed: "The young detachments of the Red Army, who entered the war for the first time, utterly defeated the German invaders near Pskov and Narva on February 23, 1918. That is why February 23 was declared the day birth of the Red Army.

In 1951, another interpretation of the holiday appeared. In the "History of the Civil War in the USSR" it was indicated that in 1919 the first anniversary of the Red Army was celebrated "on the memorable day of the mobilization of the working people for the defense of the socialist Fatherland, the mass entry of workers into the Red Army, the broad formation of the first detachments and units of the new army."

In the Federal Law of March 13, 1995 "On the Days of Military Glory of Russia", the day of February 23 was officially called "The Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser troops of Germany (1918) - the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland."

In accordance with the changes made to the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory of Russia" by the Federal Law of April 15, 2006, the words "Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany (1918)" were excluded from the official description of the holiday, and also stated in the singular concept of "defender".

In December 2001, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation supported the proposal to make February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day - a non-working holiday.

February 23, due to established traditions, has become a state national holiday dedicated to all generations of defenders of the Fatherland. Throughout their centuries-old history, Russians have selflessly defended the sovereignty and independence, and sometimes the right to exist, of the Russian state in numerous wars.

The servicemen of the army and navy of modern Russia responsibly fulfill their military duty, reliably ensuring the protection of national interests and the military security of the country.

On Defender of the Fatherland Day, Russians honor those who served or are serving in the ranks of the country's Armed Forces. But most Russian citizens tend to consider Defender of the Fatherland Day as the Day of real men, defenders in the broadest sense of the word.

On this day, a festive artillery salute is held in the hero cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Volgograd, Novorossiysk, Tula, Sevastopol, Smolensk and Murmansk, as well as in cities where the headquarters of military districts, fleets, combined arms armies and the Caspian flotilla are deployed.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

February 23- red day of the calendar.
On this day of father and grandfather
Congratulations to the whole family!

Indeed, on this day, all attention is paid to our men. On this day we celebrate the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland, we give them gifts! For many in Russia, it has become the day of men, more precisely, the day of real men who serve in the army, or once served, or they have yet to do military service.

The only time in a year we can somehow highlight that we have a real defender, not only of the Fatherland, but also of our own family. We congratulate not only veterans, but also our fathers and husbands for their warmth and care for us. To my big and little sons, for the fact that they love us disinterestedly and are always ready to help us.

But how did this holiday form, and why on February 23? Let's take a look at our history...

In Russia, before the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the holiday of May 6, the Day of St. George, the patron saint of Russian soldiers, was traditionally considered the Day of the Russian Army. On this day, the soldiers of the Russian army participated in solemn parades. On this day, they were awarded St. George's crosses and other awards. On this day, everyone visited temples and commemorated the soldiers who died for Great Rus'! .. That was such a solemn and great day.

We honor the sons of the Fatherland in uniforms,
That the glory of the flag is multiplied,
And in a difficult and dangerous age
Our peaceful sleep is reliably guarded!

After the revolution, this holiday was banned, and in 1918 a new date was established to replace it - February 23 - Red Army Day.

In September 1938, the Pravda newspaper published a “Short Course in the History of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks”, where the rationale for this holiday was given. Its meaning was that it was at this time that the Red Army began to intensively form, because the government, represented by the party, “threw a cry to the masses” about the danger threatening the country. Near Narva and Pskov, the German invaders were given a decisive rebuff. The day of rebuffing the troops of German imperialism - February 23 - became the birthday of the young Red Army.

Whether this is true or fiction, historians disagree. And it is not our task to investigate this issue. Reliable is the fact that February 23 in our country was celebrated first as the Day of the Red Army, then it was renamed the Day of the Soviet Army.

February 23 is the Day of the military glory of Russia, which our soldiers gained on the battlefields and came out victorious. Recall the history of the Great Patriotic War:

February 23, 1943 - the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad! 200 thousand German soldiers were taken prisoner, along with Field Marshal Paulus.

February 23, 1944 - On this day, the government awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to more than 200 generals, officers, sergeants and privates for feats of arms. Several thousand soldiers were marked with orders and medals! They really deserve it. As well as the fact that our children and grandchildren know about their military exploits.

Since 1993, this holiday has been called the Defender of the Fatherland Day. This concept has a great meaning - to love, honor and adequately defend our Motherland!

And our soldiers and officers proved that they can proudly bear the title of Defender of the Fatherland! This is a holiday for all the people. Indeed, in every family on this day congratulations, kind words for our grandfathers, fathers, sons, grandchildren will sound. May their lives always be illuminated by the great glory of the victories of the Russian Army and the power of Russian weapons, love and devotion to their Motherland!

Let the sun shine in the peaceful sky
And the trumpet does not call for a hike.
So that only in the exercises of soldiers
He went on the attack.

Let spring thunder instead of explosions
Nature awakens from sleep
And our children sleep peacefully
Today, tomorrow and always!

Good health and happiness
To all those who defended our world.
And who is guarding him today
And who fully gave the debt to the Motherland!

Since its appearance in our calendar, this holiday has remained unchanged in its content and the level of popular love for it, but at the same time, Defender of the Fatherland Day also has a very interesting history. Suffice it to say that during its existence it was renamed several times and arose under rather interesting circumstances.

What was the name of the holiday of all men in different years of our history:

1919 -1946 Day of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army

1993 - 1994 Russian Army Day

1995 - 2012 Defender of the Fatherland Day

Since 2002 - Defender of the Fatherland Day is a public holiday

Many holidays in our country (and in other countries) are tied to historical events. As a rule, these are victories or some other good or significant accomplishments for everyone, such as, for example, a harvest festival for all peoples, or Victory Day, or Cosmonautics Day ...

But what happened on February 23rd? Was there some kind of victory or other grandiose event? As it turned out, on February 23 absolutely nothing happened. There was no reason to celebrate that day. But there was a need!

Archival data suggests that the Red Army - the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was created by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on January 28, 1918. On the eve of the first anniversary of this event, N. Podvoisky, Chairman of the Higher Military Inspectorate of the Red Army, sent a request to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee to mark this date as the anniversary of the formation of a new army.

But party comrades rejected the date of January 28 due to the fact that there was not enough time to prepare the celebration (the request from N. Podvoisky was considered only on January 23, 1919) and decided to combine Army Day with Red Gift Day (it turns out that there was such a holiday) , namely February 17th. But February 17, 1919, fell on a Monday, and on this occasion a message appeared in Pravda:

"The organization of the Red Gift Day throughout Russia has been postponed to February 23. On this day, the celebration of the anniversary of the creation of the Red Army, which turned on January 28, will be organized in the cities and at the front."

Like this. Apparently, somehow, at the very least, they noted, after which, for the duration of the civil war, no one remembered this date, because the Soviet government itself was also in question. But in 1922, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, named February 23 as the date of the anniversary of the formation of the Red Army. After all, there was already something to refer to.

Here is how the Great Soviet Encyclopedia interprets the holiday on February 23:... a holiday celebrated in the USSR annually on February 23. On January 15 (28), 1918, V. I. Lenin signed a decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29 (February 11) - the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF). On February 22, 1918, in the context of the advance of the troops of German imperialism on Soviet Russia, the Decree-Appeal of the Council of People's Commissars of February 21 "The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger!" was published. On February 23, 1918, mass rallies took place in Petrograd, Moscow, and other cities of the country, at which the working people were called upon to stand up for the defense of the socialist Fatherland. In commemoration of the massive upsurge of the Soviet people to defend the socialist Fatherland and the courageous resistance of the Red Army units to the German invaders, February 23 is annually celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army (until 1946 - the Red Army) and the Navy. Further maneuvers of the party-bureaucratic apparatus, already formed by 1922, were aimed at bringing some heroic event to the holiday of the armed forces. And so a far-fetched version appeared that it was on February 23, 1918, that units of the young Red Army repulsed the offensive of German troops near Pskov and Narva in decisive battles. But as the documents (our and German) say, there was no battle or offensive that day in the regions of Pskov or Narva, moreover, the German troops captured our cities everywhere without a fight with extremely small forces, up to one company, and the heroic Bolshevik government in she fled in panic, not only having no combat-ready units, but even the means to protect herself. In a word, it was a complete disgrace.

But who could confirm or deny this? By 1922, the Bolsheviks already had a monopoly on information. But even 15 years later, in 1933, at the celebration of the Red Army Day, Klim Voroshilov said (quote):

"By the way, the timing of the celebration of the anniversary of the Red Army on February 23 is rather random and difficult to explain and does not coincide with historical dates."

But before the next anniversary of the Red Army in 1942, Comrade Stalin in his order formulated the essence of events as follows:

"The young detachments of the Red Army, which entered the war for the first time, utterly defeated the German invaders near Pskov and Narva on February 23, 1918. That is why the day of February 23, 1918 was declared the birthday of the Red Army."

And that's all. Dot. The ultimate truth. And who would have doubted then!

But, despite the vagueness of the source of events, the holiday of the Armed Forces took root in the minds of the Soviet people, because there was a need for it. And to be honest, it doesn’t matter how exactly the Armed Forces Day arose, it is important that we love this holiday, that this holiday is needed, that on this day all men who served and served feel a little like heroes and full-fledged defenders of the Fatherland. And women, and indeed all citizens, are pleased to feel that there is a force in the country that can protect them.

Defender of the Fatherland Day is annually celebrated in Russia on February 23 as a national holiday. It originates during the existence of the Soviet Union, when the holiday was celebrated in honor of the Soviet Army and Navy.

The history of the establishment of the holiday

There was no official document establishing February 23 as an official Soviet holiday. For the first time in this vein, February 23 is mentioned in 1918, when mass rallies were held in Moscow and other cities of the country, at which workers were urged to defend their Fatherland from the advancing German troops. Then began the mass entry of volunteers into the Red Army and its formation.

A year later, the citizens of Russia for the first time celebrated February 23 as the anniversary of the Red Army. However, in 1920-1921 this holiday was not celebrated.

In subsequent years, the country widely celebrated the fifth anniversary and decades of the Red Army. Moreover, if January 28 was considered the anniversary of the formation of the Soviet Armed Forces, then February 23 was celebrated - on the anniversary of the publication of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars, "which laid the foundation for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army."

February 23 was considered the date of birth of the Red Army since 1938, when a fundamentally new version of the origin of the holiday was presented, not related to the decree of the Council of People's Commissars. This time he was associated with the battles of the Red Army against the German troops in 1918 near Narva and Pskov.

In 1951, another interpretation of the holiday appeared. In the "History of the Civil War in the USSR" it was indicated that in 1919 the first anniversary of the Red Army was celebrated in connection with the mobilization of workers "to defend the socialist Fatherland, the mass entry of workers into the Red Army, the broad formation of the first detachments and units of the new army."

Already after the collapse of the USSR, February 23 began to be celebrated in honor of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany in 1918.

After 11 years, the words about the victory of the Red Army were excluded from the official description of the holiday, and the concept of "defender" was stated in the singular.

In December 2001, the State Duma supported the proposal to make February 23 a non-working holiday.

The servicemen of the army and navy of modern Russia responsibly fulfill their military duty, reliably ensuring the protection of national interests and the military security of the country.

real men day

On February 23, Russians honor those who served or are serving in the ranks of the country's Armed Forces. But most Russian citizens tend to consider February 23 as the Day of real men, defenders in the broadest sense of the word.

February 23 is celebrated with a festive artillery salute in the hero cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Volgograd, Novorossiysk, Tula, Sevastopol, Smolensk and Murmansk, as well as in cities where the headquarters of military districts, fleets, combined arms armies and the Caspian flotilla are deployed.

February 23 in South Ossetia

In South Ossetia, February 23 is considered a holiday and non-working day. February 23 is celebrated in the republic with a solemn meeting of the public, the presentation of state awards by the defender of the Fatherland. February 23 is considered a holiday date in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Defense of South Ossetia, this year the department will celebrate its 24th anniversary.

photo from the archive of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the North Ossetia-A

However, in the minds of the population, the holiday has taken root, as in Russia, since Soviet times. They honor not only employees of law enforcement agencies, but also all men, since in the almost 20-year history of South Ossetia's wars for freedom and independence, both people in uniform and formally "civilian" participated in them equally courageously.

Supreme Day of God Perun /summer/ - in summer 7526 from S.M.Z.Kh. 33 days of the month of Receiving the Gifts of Nature (Heylet) or August 4, 2018;
Day of God Perun /winter/ - in summer 7526 from S.M.Z.Kh. 33 days of the month of White Radiance and Peace of the World (Beylet) or January 13, 2018

******************************

Unfortunately, not only the Judeo-Christian Church imposes its holidays on us. It turned out that we were tricked into holidays February 23 And March 8, having come up with names for them that have long been familiar to us! In fact, the Jewish Purim is celebrated ...

From year to year, the entire male population of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other "friendly" republics celebrates their "male" holiday February 23. The female half celebrates its "women's" holiday March 8- exactly 14 days after February 23. This has been going on for almost a hundred years. People celebrate, congratulate each other and do not even suspect how interconnected these holidays are, and even carry the essence - third a holiday that is in no way connected with either the male or female part of our people, but reflects one “merry” holiday of a people alien to us - the Jewish!

We are well aware that February 23 was originally the "Day of the Soviet Army and Navy", then, after the collapse of the USSR by Chabad Jews, this holiday was renamed "Defender of the Fatherland Day". But its celebration has not been interrupted for a year since its introduction in 1918, allegedly in honor of the creation of the Red Army (Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army).

But was it really so? And why are February 23 and March 8 interconnected and separated from each other by exactly 14 days? What do we really celebrate on February 23 and March 8? Deal with it, dot it i , facts from the recent past will help us.

In order to understand the whole truth and the real essence of these holidays familiar to us, it is necessary, oddly enough, to start with a Jewish holiday unfamiliar to us, which is celebrated by all Jews (i-udey are those who cut the ud, and ud is the old name for the male genital organ). At the same time, it is considered the most cheerful and most important of all Jewish holidays. And this “interesting” holiday is called Purim.

So what happened in antiquity so important that the Jews approved the holiday in honor of this event, and even marked it in their calendar, like the most important of all Jewish holidays? According to the Jews themselves, Not religious holiday. So the Jewish Encyclopedia says about him, emphasizing that this holiday "not associated with a temple or with any religious event"(“Jewish Encyclopedia”, vol. 13. M., item 123).

However, February 23- This is the old style. But, as soon as Russia switched to a new calendar, February 23 became March 8! The Jews did not blunder here either. Now it only remains for us to remember that the coming of the Jewish International to power in Russia was connected with a change in the calendar, and to ask: when was the day, now called March 8, celebrated in the revolutionary circles of pre-revolutionary Russia?

It turns out that March 8 new style is February 23 the old way. Here is the answer why the "men's" day and the "women's" day are so close to each other, and why the difference between these holidays is exactly 14 days. Exactly on 14 days the dates of the calendars differed according to the old style, which was in use in tsarist Russia, and the new style, which was used by Europe. By the way, Judeo-Christian Christmas is still celebrated in our country according to the old style with a difference of 14 days from Catholic Christmas.

The riots of supposedly starving residents of Petrograd on February 23, 1917 were timed to coincide with Women's Revolutionary Day.

It turns out that when the European brothers in the International celebrated March 8, in Russia this day was called February 23rd. Therefore, in the pre-revolutionary years, party members and sympathizers used to consider February 23 a holiday. Then the calendar was changed, but the tradition remained to celebrate something revolutionary on February 23rd. The date was. In principle, given the floating nature of Purim, this date is no worse and no better than March 8th. But it was necessary to find a cover for her. And a few years later, the corresponding myth was created: "Day of the Red Army", as a memory supposedly "about the first battle and the first victory."

So the tradition of celebrating Purim led to the establishment of a women's holiday March 8. And on the well-known initiative of the Jewess Clara Zetkin (real Jewish surname Eisner), March 8 was quickly announced, no more, no less, as much as "International Women's Day." Everyone knows that March 8th is International Women's Day. Also, everyone knows that women live in all countries. In addition, almost everyone in recent years has become aware that March 8 noted only in the USSR. Why didn't women in other countries celebrate it?

So it was not a woman's day, like women. On this day, it was necessary to glorify women with certain qualities. And for some reason these qualities were not very appreciated in other countries. And the reason for this strangeness is obvious: March 8 is not a woman's day, and the day of the bloody revolutionary woman. And therefore, in those countries where the revolutionary wave of the early twentieth century bogged down, the celebration of the revolutionary woman did not take root.

But still, to be precise, it is International Day of Esther, Jewish criminals, female killers. That is, in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, unsuspecting people celebrate Purim twice!

Changing the date of the holiday each time (according to the Jewish calendar, Purim Day is floating, every year falls on different days) was inconvenient, and too frank: it would be too noticeable that only Purim is celebrated. Therefore, every year on March 8, regardless of the lunar cycles, all the peoples of the earth should glorify the sadistic woman, the evil Jewess - Esther. But in fact, to celebrate the massacre of tens of thousands of innocent people, that is, to congratulate each other on Purim (despite the fact that they do not know the truth).

The fall of the Russian Empire coincided with the defeat of the Persian Empire. Since Purim 1917, there has been a smell of pogrom in Russia - a pogrom of Russian culture...

The history of the establishment of the holiday

real men day

February 23 in South Ossetia

Similar articles