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Development of fine motor skills of preschoolers using non-traditional techniques. Non-traditional techniques for developing fine motor skills in preschool

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.

We have all heard well that it is necessary to develop fine motor skills of the hands. We also all know that the sooner we start developing it, the better. This time I want to talk about this way of developing fine motor skills of the hand as drawing.

Drawing plays a big role in the development of speech in a child. As many adults know, stimulation of fine motor skills, namely, movements of the fingers: fast, slow, conscious, leads to an increase and intensification of speech activity. The more attention is paid to this during the period when the child begins to speak, the faster the process of speech production goes.

During drawing, visual, motor, and muscular-tactile analyzers are activated. In addition to the development of fine motor skills, drawing develops memory, attention, teaches the child to think and analyze, measure and compare, compose and imagine.

Drawing is also useful for children to relieve stress and help cope with stress and tension. For example, if a child dreams of something bad, then invite him to draw it, and everything will be fine.

The first drawing lessons can begin from the moment the baby learns to sit confidently. Of course, at first it is difficult to call what a ten-month or one-year-old baby depicts a drawing. These drawings, which are faint strokes and rounded lines, are the first attempt of the pen. From about eight months of age, the child makes a discovery: he is aware of the connection between the movement of his hand and the line that appears on a sheet of paper.

What you will need for work:

Paints. For your first drawing lessons, it is best to use finger paints. The paint should be as safe as possible for the child: not contain harmful substances, be environmentally friendly, so that even if it gets into the baby’s mouth, nothing bad will happen. This paint is made with a mustard base - if your baby decides to taste it, he won’t like it too much. Don't buy too many flowers. Often, four colors are sold in packages; for the first time there will be plenty of them. Do not overload your child with unnecessary information and the desire to try everything at once;

Paper. Use whatman paper or remnants of old wallpaper; large paper size is a free space for your child’s self-expression. An A-4 sheet of paper is not enough for an infant, since fine motor skills and coordination of movements are not yet sufficiently developed, and the child will begin to smear paint on everything around him.

Child’s clothing: For this type of activity, it is advisable to use special clothing that does not constrain the child, as well as things that will not cause regret if they get dirty. My children, when the house was warm enough, drew only in diapers. Since the creative process will affect you one way or another, take care of your clothes.

Good mood. Let drawing become a pleasant, joyful and rewarding time for you and your baby.

Organization of space

The place for a children's studio can be any room in the apartment with plenty of daylight and the absence of carpets and difficult-to-clean surfaces. Be prepared for the fact that when your child gets into the habit of drawing, paint will be everywhere: on him, on you, on the floor, furniture and carpets, so take care of how to wash it all later. Before starting classes, cover the floor with plastic film. It is advisable to practice drawing with a baby on the floor (if there is heated floors) - the child will have more space for creativity and the opportunity to move freely. If it is not possible to conduct classes on the floor, you can use a small chair and table. Stock up on wet or regular wipes. You need to do drawing during the day, when there is enough daylight. It is not advisable to draw in the evening; most often, the child already has enough impressions received during the day.

The process of children's drawing.

For the first lessons, using two colors is enough. It is very good to paint with the colors that you are now learning. For example, master red and yellow - and draw with them. You have fun, and at the same time absorb the material you have covered. Water is not used when drawing, as a small child can spill or drink it. Give your child the opportunity to choose the color himself. During the drawing process, be patient and take an observer position. Accept this extraordinary creativity for what it is, do not try to show how to draw correctly. It is very important to encourage the child’s activities from an adult and praise. The child’s activity will largely depend on the adult’s emotional mood. After the child has already become familiar with a new object (paint), start drawing at the same time as the child (only on a separate sheet!). A necessary condition for a successful creative process is the child’s ability to observe the activities of an adult.

A child, regardless of age, seeing paint for the first time, first studies its quality, learns to mix colors, obtaining shades, and children can express their inner state with the help of color only by the age of one and a half to two years, but these are children who have passed the stage of infant drawing.

Frequency and duration of drawing.

Creative “getting dirty” can be done once or twice a week. Preferably in the first half of the day, choosing the most active, emotionally positive state of the child, naturally, excluding classes if the child is not feeling well or if something is bothering the child. The first classes are usually the shortest and will last only a few minutes. Provided regular exercise by the age of one year, this time increases from 20 to 30 minutes. During the drawing process, it is very important to monitor the reaction and emotional mood and state of the child, since he himself acts as a temporary barometer of the duration of classes. A sudden deterioration in mood or attempts to scatter jars of paint is a signal to end the lesson. Due to the possibility of developing withdrawal syndrome, it is not recommended to allow long breaks in drawing, even in the summer.

Draw for your health!

Hayat Ibragimova, child psychologist

Using tips from one creative mom.

Fine motor skills are characterized by a person's ability to make small, precise movements with their fingers and toes. The coordinated actions of the muscular, skeletal and nervous systems of the human body help to achieve high-quality performance of such movements.

The development of fine motor skills is a natural process that begins in infancy. The child masters simple grasping gestures, then learns to transfer objects from hand to hand, and gradually masters the “tweezer grip.” By the age of two, the child is already able to independently and correctly use a spoon, hold a pencil, and shows interest in drawing.

Starting from a very young age, it is important to support the natural development of fine motor skills. Already an infant can massage his fingers, thereby doing primitive finger gymnastics, which has a positive effect on active points associated with the cerebral cortex and entails the activation of speech development. In early preschool age, finger gymnastics can be accompanied by poetic texts, which in turn help maintain the child’s interest in performing the exercises and stimulate the development of memory and imagination. An adult should patiently encourage the child’s desire to master simple self-care skills: fastening buttons before going for a walk, tying shoelaces, because this is the development of fine motor skills in everyday life.

In the process of developing fine motor skills, it is important to retain and reinforce the child’s interest, so the use of non-traditional drawing techniques can help every adult carry out such activities without unnecessary persuasion.

Unconventional painting techniques demonstrate unusual combinations of materials and tools. Undoubtedly, the advantage of such techniques is the versatility of their use. The technology for their implementation is interesting and accessible to both adults and children.

There are several types of non-traditional techniques for developing fine motor skills:

Finger painting: You can use either special finger paints or gouache. Let your child dip his fingers in the paint and use them to create on a landscape sheet or a whole piece of whatman paper.
Drawing with your palm is similar to the previous activity, but you need to draw with your entire palm at once. You can dip your fingers in different paints and get rainbow designs.
Drawing with prints, the basis of which can be bottle caps, an eraser or crumpled paper.
Poke Painting – Dip cotton swabs into paint and create designs.
Spraying - this method causes indescribable delight in children; to use it, you need to put paint on a brush and spray it on the paper in a random order.
The foam pattern is very similar to the print. You need to cut out various shapes from foam rubber, attach them to a pencil or stick, dip them in paint and make an imprint on paper.
Drawing with chalk - you can draw on the street and at home on a special board.
The list of unconventional drawing techniques does not end here; its expansion depends on your imagination.

Non-traditional techniques always attract and hold children's attention, because every child is interested in everything new and unusual.

Training the movements of the fingers helps not only to develop coordination of movements, but also normalizes the child’s mental state, reduces the level of anxiety, helps to eliminate children’s fears, affecting the cerebral cortex, it leads to the development of the baby’s speech. In the process of such activities, children receive not only knowledge and skills, but also pleasure and joy from their small successes.

Bibliography:

1. Kutsakova L.V. Design and artistic work in kindergarten: Programs and lesson notes (Text) - M.: TC Sfera, 2005.
2. E. Kosinova. Gymnastics for fingers. We develop motor skills. EKSMO.2009

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1 “Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through non-traditional drawing techniques.” Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements of the hands and fingers and toes. The term dexterity is often used when referring to motor skills of the hand and fingers. There are a huge number of games and exercises that develop small muscles. They can be divided into several groups: games for the development of tactile perception, games with water and sand, folk finger games, exercises with objects, laying out games, stringing games, games with construction sets, etc. It is believed that all games and exercises that are carried out with children in an interesting, relaxed playful way, involving parents in this process, help develop the fine motor skills of children’s hands, their speech, attention, thinking, and also give them joy and pleasure. In addition to games and exercises, various types of productive activities also contribute to the development of manual skills: drawing, modeling, appliqué, designing, weaving, knitting, etc. The inclusion of non-traditional methods of drawing and creative design in working with children makes it possible to develop the sensory sphere not only through studying the properties of depicted objects and performing appropriate actions, but also through working with various painting materials. In addition, the child’s cognitive interests are stimulated (using objects that surround the child every day from a new perspective - you can draw with your own palm, fingers, use a spikelet or birch leaf instead of brushes). Unconventional drawing is an impetus for the development of imagination, creativity, the manifestation of independence, initiative, and expression of individuality. Each technique is a small game that brings joy and positive emotions to the child. It does not tire the baby, the child remains highly active and efficient throughout the entire time of drawing. Unconventional drawing is the basis of many art therapy techniques. As a means of correcting mental processes, non-traditional drawing techniques allow one to overcome feelings of fear, give freedom, and instill confidence in oneself and one’s abilities. Modern research has shown that unconventional drawing helps to weaken

2 arousal of emotionally disinhibited children, despite the fact that an overly active child needs ample space to develop activities, his attention is often distracted and unstable. In the process of non-standard artistic activity, the activity zone narrows and the amplitude of movements decreases. Practicing this type of drawing contributes to the development of hand-eye coordination, imagination, logic, and thinking, which is very important for preparing a preschooler for school. Unconventional drawing is a way of self-expression, communication with yourself, an excellent means not only to lift your spirits, but also to look at the world through different eyes, and discover new possibilities in yourself! There are many non-traditional drawing techniques; their unusualness lies in the fact that they allow children to quickly achieve the desired result. For example, what child would not be interested in drawing with his fingers, making a drawing with his own palm, putting blots on paper and getting a funny drawing. The child loves to quickly achieve results in his work. Blotography Blotography is a great way to have fun and usefully spend time, experiment with paints, and create unusual images. When blowing up blots, you cannot predict exactly how they will disperse, flow into each other, and what the final result will be... This activity will be interesting for both adults and children. And not only interesting, but also useful: for example, as articulatory gymnastics. Drawing by blowing through a straw also improves the health and strength of the lungs and respiratory system (which is especially useful for coughing). I would like to note that with the help of this type of drawing it is good to depict various trees (you get intricate trunks, branches, etc.). Try it, you will like the result!

3 Poke with a hard semi-dry brush Means of expression: texture of color, color. Materials: hard brush, gouache, paper of any color and format, or a cut out silhouette of a furry or prickly animal. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips a brush into the gouache and hits the paper with it, holding it vertically. When working, the brush does not fall into the water. In this way, the entire sheet, outline or template is filled. The result is an imitation of the texture of a fluffy or prickly surface. Finger painting Means of expression: spot, dot, short line, color. Materials: bowls with gouache, thick paper of any color, small sheets,

4 napkins. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips his finger in the gouache and puts dots and specks on the paper. Each finger is painted with a different color. After work, wipe your fingers with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off. Drawing with the palm Means of expression: spot, color, fantastic silhouette. Materials: wide saucers with gouache, brush, thick paper of any color, large format sheets, napkins. Method of obtaining an image: a child dips his palm (the entire brush) into gouache or paints it with a brush (from the age of 5) and makes an imprint on paper. They draw with both the right and left hands, painted in different colors. After work, wipe your hands with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off. Rolling paper

5 Means of expression: texture, volume. Materials: napkins or colored double-sided paper, PVA glue poured into a saucer, thick paper or colored cardboard for the base. Method of obtaining an image: the child crumples the paper in his hands until it becomes soft. Then he rolls it into a ball. Its sizes can be different: from small (berry) to large (cloud, lump for a snowman). After this, the paper ball is dipped in glue and glued to the base. Imprint with crumpled paper Means of expression: stain, texture, color. Materials: saucer or plastic box containing a stamp pad made of thin foam rubber impregnated with gouache, thick paper of any color and size, crumpled paper. Method of obtaining an image: a child presses crumpled paper onto a stamp pad with paint and makes an impression on the paper. To get a different color, both the saucer and the crumpled paper are changed. Wax crayons + watercolor

6 Means of expression: color, line, spot, texture. Materials: wax crayons, thick white paper, watercolor, brushes. Method of obtaining an image: the child draws with wax crayons on white paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. The chalk drawing remains unpainted. Dot Pattern Children love anything unconventional. Drawing with dots is an unusual technique in this case. To implement it, you can take a felt-tip pen, a pencil, place it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and start drawing. But the best thing to do is dotted drawings with paints. Here's how it's done. A match, cleaned of sulfur, is tightly wrapped with a small piece of cotton wool and dipped in thick paint. And then the principle of drawing dots is the same. The main thing is to immediately interest the child.

7 Leaf prints Means of expression: texture, color. Materials: paper, gouache, leaves of various trees (preferably fallen ones), brushes. Method of obtaining an image: a child covers a piece of wood with paints of different colors, then applies it with the painted side to the paper to make a print. Each time a new leaf is taken. The petioles of the leaves can be painted on with a brush. Conducting a series of classes using a variety of techniques to identify children’s abilities over the course of time, it is clear that children have the ability to work with paints using non-traditional techniques. In children with poorly developed artistic and creative abilities, the indicators are slightly higher than at the beginning of the school year, but due to the use of non-traditional materials, the level of enthusiasm for the topic and technique and the ability to perceive color have improved.

8 Foam rubber drawings For some reason, we all tend to think that if we paint with paints, then we must also use a brush. Not always, say TRIZ members. Foam rubber can come to the rescue. We advise you to make a variety of small geometric figures out of it, and then attach them with thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is already ready. Now you can dip it in paint and use stamps to draw red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, washes well). At first, children will draw geometric shapes chaotically. And then offer to make simple ornaments out of them - first from one type of figure, then from two, three.

9 Painting small stones Of course, most often the child draws tiles of large stones on a plane, on paper, less often on asphalt. A flat image of a house, trees, cars, animals on paper is not as attractive as creating three-dimensional creations of your own. In this regard, sea pebbles are ideally used. They are smooth, small and have different shapes. The very shape of the pebble will sometimes tell the child what image to create in this case (and sometimes adults will help the kids). It is better to paint one pebble as a frog, another as a bug, and the third will produce a wonderful fungus. Bright, thick paint is applied to the pebble - and the image is ready. It’s better to finish it like this: after the pebble has dried, cover it with colorless varnish. In this case, a voluminous beetle or frog made by children’s hands shines and shimmers brightly. This toy will take part in independent children's games more than once and bring considerable benefit to its owner.

10 Nitography method This method exists mainly for girls. But this does not mean that it is not suitable for children of a different gender. And it consists in the following. First, a screen measuring 25x25 cm is made from cardboard. Either velvet paper or plain flannel is glued onto the cardboard. It would be nice to prepare a cute bag with a set of woolen or half-woolen threads of various colors for the screen. This method is based on the following feature: threads having a certain percentage of wool are attracted to flannel or velvet paper. You just need to attach them with light movements of your index finger. From such threads you can prepare interesting stories. Imagination and sense of taste develop. Girls especially learn to skillfully select colors. Some thread colors suit light flannel, and completely different ones suit dark flannel. Thus begins the gradual path to women’s craft, a very necessary handicraft for them.

11 Volume applique It is obvious that children love to do applique: cut something out and stick it on, getting a lot of pleasure from the process itself. And we need to create all the conditions for them. Along with planar appliqué, teach them to do three-dimensional applique: three-dimensional is better perceived by a preschooler and more realistically reflects the world around them. In order to obtain such an image, you need to wrinkle the applicative colored paper well in children’s hands, then slightly straighten it and cut out the required shape. Then just stick it on and, if necessary, draw in individual details with a pencil or felt-tip pen. For example, make a turtle that is so beloved by children. Remember the brown paper, straighten it slightly, cut out an oval shape and stick it on, and then draw on the head and legs.

12 Drawing with a plastic fork You can also draw with forks. You will need paper, gouache, a fork and, of course, imagination. It is best to use a plastic fork as it is more flexible and safer. Dip the fork into the gouache and begin to press the fork onto the paper.

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The importance of developing fine motor skills is not discussed; these skills are necessary for a person not only in childhood, but throughout life. Modern children quickly get bored with the same type of activities. Their life is varied, they want something new and unusual. Every year, children's thirst for knowledge and interest in the world around them increases. There are non-traditional techniques for developing fine motor skills that children will be delighted with and definitely won’t get bored with.

Non-traditional methods of visual activity develop children's motor skills and creative abilities. Such classes are important especially for children with speech impairments.

Relevance of the topic

Visual activities in preschool educational institutions are one of the natural activities for children. While leading it, many opportunities arise for solving a wide range of problems of an educational and educational nature.

Work in this area in preschool educational institutions pursues the goal of developing motor coordination of the fingers and the hand in general in children 5, 6 and 7 years of age; teach children to draw objects and natural phenomena using non-traditional drawing techniques.

The perfection of motor coordination of the hands and fingers allows the child to master writing. The level of development of motor skills, the level of preschoolers’ mastery of non-traditional drawing techniques (drawing with a wooden stick, using a foam rubber swab, potato stamps, drawing with woolen threads, as well as with fingers) determine the level of success of a child’s education in primary school, the readiness of the hand to letter.

In recent years, in preschool educational institutions, in the process of preparing children for writing, attention has been focused on preparing the hand for writing. This is due to the fact that cases have become more frequent when a child is already in first grade, and his hand is either insufficiently prepared or not at all prepared for writing. Therefore, he finds it very difficult to cope with the daily amount of writing in class.

There are several related problems here:

The child has poorly developed fine motor coordination of the hands and fine motor skills;
The ability to navigate on a plane is poorly developed;
Weak level of speech activity;
The child does not perform tasks according to the model well enough; he has poor development of hand-eye coordination.

In view of these problems, the method of developing fine motor skills using non-traditional drawing methods is relevant. She prepares the preschooler's hand for writing.

Drawing using non-traditional techniques does not tire children; they perform tasks with high activity and efficiency throughout the entire duration of the lesson.

The use of non-traditional drawing techniques contributes to:

Development in preschoolers of motor coordination of hands and fingers, eye, visual perception, orientation on a sheet of paper;
Development of skills and abilities that help prepare the child’s hand for writing;
Development of imagination and perception, and therefore cognitive abilities;
Emotionally positive attitude towards drawing;
Self-expression of the individual, i.e. displaying one's own fantasy and emotional world.

Based on the above, this topic is currently very relevant and gives the teacher the opportunity for creativity.

Types of non-traditional techniques for developing fine motor skills

Drawing with fingers

You can use either gouache or special finger paints. The child dips his fingers in paint and draws with them on a piece of paper. To implement this technique, you can use not only a regular album, but also a sheet of whatman paper or a piece of wallpaper. And you can draw while sitting on the floor. Children usually really like this type of drawing; you can even draw using this method on an old white sheet, then wash it, dry it, and draw on it again.

Palm drawing

This type of drawing is similar to the previous method, only the child will draw not with his fingers, but with his entire palm at once. If you dip your fingers in different paints, you will get a rainbow pattern.

Drawing with dots

The preschooler dips his finger in the paint, then places it on the sheet perpendicularly, and so on several times until a drawing is formed.

Drawing with imprints of objects

Absolutely anything is suitable for this technique: a bottle cap and a small plate.

Blotography

This method causes great delight among children. Using a spoon, paint is poured onto the paper, and then you take a tube and you need to blow through it onto the paint without touching it. After this, you can place a sheet of paper on the resulting drawing and compare the original and the print. You can dream up what the blot looks like.

Drawing with a stencil

This method of visual activity has been known even to adults since childhood.

Spray

The technique is that the child takes paint on a brush and sprays it in a random order. You can use different colors.

Leaf prints

While walking with the children, the teacher needs to collect leaves from the bushes and trees located in the garden. During the lesson, children decorate leaves with paint and transfer prints to a sheet of paper. You can create a whole composition from different leaves.

Foam rubber drawing

Various shapes are cut out of foam rubber and attached to a stick (for example, on a wire or pencil). These pieces are dipped in paint and printed on paper.

Chalk drawing

An elementary form of creativity, harmless, safe, even safer than drawing with felt-tip pens. Draw with crayons on a special board indoors or outdoors.

Drawing on wet paper

This method helps if your child needs to draw something with vague outlines, such as fog. The background for the drawing can be made not with an ordinary brush, but with cotton wool or foam rubber.

The list of non-traditional types of drawing can be continued. The most important thing is a flight of imagination; you cannot limit yourself to ordinary drawing with pencils or a brush.

Non-traditional techniques also include paintings painted with pieces of fabric. Various scraps of fabric are collected in a separate bag or box, then these pieces are cut into small pieces and glued to paper.

You can draw a picture with crumpled paper - crumple the paper sheet with your hands, dip it in paint and make an imprint on the sheet.

Children are always interested in unconventional techniques; they are interested in everything unusual and new. Also, during classes at a preschool educational institution, you can make crafts from non-traditional materials, for example, use items that are no longer needed and give them a second life. You can draw on fabric, for example, let your child draw a design on a T-shirt himself.

It is important to carry out daily procedures that require the child to concentrate on working with his fingers. Thus, the development of fine motor skills will have a positive effect not only on the preschooler’s speech, but also on the coordination of movements.

Methods of teaching non-traditional drawing techniques

Creating a game situation and interesting moments.
Talking through the stages of work.
Demonstration by the teacher, the use of a multimedia presentation with images of the stages of correct hand position in the process of learning new techniques.
Finger exercises, special exercises for training hands and fingers, massages that promote the development of fine motor skills.
Looking at illustrations from books and paintings.
Accompaniment with musical works.
Exhibition design.
Independent activity of children.

Expected Result

Creating prerequisites for educational activities (generalized methods of action, self-control) and the ability of children to interact with each other.
Development of fine motor skills of preschoolers' hands.
Increasing the level of development of creative skills.
Enrichment and expansion of artistic experience. The ability for preschoolers to actively assimilate artistic experience.
Independence in the process of choosing a theme, plot, artistic materials, composition and instruments.

The effectiveness of assimilation of the program should be monitored at the beginning of work with the group and at the end through diagnostics. The results must be entered into a summary table. The level of mastery of the program can be assessed by comparing initial and final results.

Integration of educational areas

1. “Reading fiction”: reading, learning and discussing works of fiction in the process of preliminary work.

2. “Communication”: the development of communication skills is carried out during the communication of children with the teacher, expanding the vocabulary of children.

3. “Artistic creativity”: preschoolers participate in the creation of collective and individual drawings, plot compositions; they use different materials and methods of creating images. The productive activity of pupils is developing.

4. “Cognition”: sensory development occurs, children’s horizons expand.

5. “Socialization”: preschoolers become familiar with generally accepted norms of interaction with adults and peers, they learn to objectively evaluate their own capabilities and develop the ability to overcome difficulties.

6. “Safety”: compliance with the simplest safety rules when working with different materials.

7. “Music”: by listening to audio recordings, preschoolers become familiar with the sounds of nature and music.

8. “Labor”: fostering a value-based and respectful attitude towards one’s own work and the work of the people around us.

9. “Health”: when doing work, correct posture is formed, the desire to take care of your health, performing physical exercises and warming up.

When organizing a lesson in non-traditional drawing, it is important to remember that in order for preschoolers to effectively master skills and abilities, the individual and age characteristics of children, their interests and desires should be taken into account. As the child grows, the content of the lessons expands, the elements become more complex, the shape of the paper changes, and new means of expression arise.

Bibliography

Davydova G.N. Non-traditional drawing technique in kindergarten. Part 2. – M.: “Publishing house Scriptorium 2003”, 2008. – 72 p.
Kazakova R.G., Sayganova T.I. Drawing with preschool children: Non-traditional techniques, planning, lesson notes. – M.: Sfera, 2005. – 155 p.
Nikitina A.V. Non-traditional drawing techniques in kindergarten – St. Petersburg: “KARO” 2007.
Nikitina A.V. Non-traditional drawing techniques in kindergarten: planning, lesson notes: a guide for educators and interested parents. – St. Petersburg: KARO, 2008. – 90 p.
Nemeshaeva E. Finger painting. First drawing lessons. For the little ones - M.: Astrel LLC, 2012. - 80 p.
Pishchikova N.G. Working with paper using non-traditional techniques – M: LLC “Scriptorium 2003” 2006.
Fateeva A.A. We draw without a brush. - Yaroslavl: Development Academy: Academy Holding, 2004.

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution of the city of Abakan “combined kindergarten “Yolochka”

Self-education work plan

“Development of fine motor skills of the hands

through unconventional drawing techniques"

teacher of the group "Dwarves"

Chernyshova Olesya Vladimirovna

Abakan 2015

Topic: “Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through non-traditional drawing techniques.”

Target: Creating conditions for the development of fine motor skills in children through non-traditional drawing methods.

Tasks :

1. Expand your understanding of the variety of non-traditional drawing techniques.

2. To form an aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality based on familiarization with non-traditional drawing techniques.

3. Form aesthetic taste, creativity, imagination.

4. Develop associative thinking and curiosity, observation and imagination.

5. Improve technical and drawing skills.

6. Cultivate artistic taste and a sense of harmony.

Relevance of the topic:

“Childhood is an everyday discovery of the world, so we must make sure that it becomes, first of all, a knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness.”

“The origins of children’s abilities and talents are at their fingertips. From the fingers, figuratively speaking, come the finest threads - streams that feed the source of creative thought. In other words, the more skill in a child’s hand, the smarter the child.” V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

All children love to draw. Having experienced an interest in creativity, they themselves find the necessary ways. But not everyone succeeds in this, especially since many children are just beginning to master artistic activities. Children love to learn new things and study with pleasure. It is by learning, gaining knowledge and skills that a child feels confident.

Drawing with unusual materials and original techniques allows children to experience unforgettable positive emotions. Unconventional drawing gives children a lot of positive emotions, reveals new possibilities for using familiar objects as artistic materials, and surprises them with its unpredictability. Original drawing without a brush or pencil relaxes the child, allows him to feel the colors, their character, and mood. Unbeknownst to themselves, children learn to observe, think, and fantasize.

The teacher must awaken in every child faith in his creative abilities, individuality, uniqueness, the belief that he came into this world to create goodness and beauty, to bring joy to people.

The relevance is that knowledge is not limited to the program. Children get acquainted with a variety of unconventional drawing methods, their features, the variety of materials used in drawing, and learn to create their own drawings based on the knowledge gained. Thus, a creative personality develops, capable of applying their knowledge and skills in various situations.

Stages:

Preparatory stage – Acquaintance with theoretical knowledge about non-traditional drawing techniques, study of literature, selection of technologies, selection of diagnostic material.

Main stage - Testing of various pedagogical technologies and methods of organizing work with preschoolers, drawing up a long-term plan for working with children and their parents, selecting consultations.

The final stage - Summarizing. Presentation of the results of work on the topic of self-education.

Methodology:

According to research conducted by L.V. Antakova-Fomina, M.M. Koltsova, B.I. Pinsky confirmed the connection between intellectual development and finger motor skills. The level of development of children's speech is also directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine hand movements.

ON THE. Bernstein in his theory shows that the anatomical development of the levels of movement construction begins from the first months of life and is completed by two years. Then begins a long process of adjusting all levels of movement construction to each other.

The development of cognitive abilities in connection with the development of hand movements is especially active in infancy and early age due to the fact that the movements of the hand examining various objects is a condition for the child’s knowledge of the objective world. “Direct practical contact with objects, actions with them lead to the discovery of more and more new properties of objects and relationships between them” (D.B. Elkonin).

N.A. Bernstein emphasizes that the conditions of upbringing and targeted training that promote the development of hand movements are decisive for the effective development of a child’s fine motor skills. The motor tasks that an adult sets for a child in the process of education, and the child’s attempts to solve them, are a necessary condition for the development of appropriate levels of movement construction. Thus, various tasks for fine motor skills contribute to the development of fine movements of the hands and fingers.

Fine motor skills - a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements of the hands and fingers and toes. The term dexterity is often used when referring to motor skills of the hand and fingers.

There are a huge number of games and exercises that develop small muscles. They can be divided into several groups: games for the development of tactile perception, games with water and sand, folk finger games, exercises with objects, laying out games, stringing games, games with construction sets, etc.

It is believed that all games and exercises that are carried out with children in an interesting, relaxed playful way, involving parents in this process, help develop the fine motor skills of children’s hands, their speech, attention, thinking, and also give them joy and pleasure.

In addition to games and exercises, various types of productive activities also contribute to the development of manual skills: drawing, modeling, appliqué, designing, weaving, knitting, etc.

The inclusion of non-traditional methods of drawing and creative design in working with children makes it possible to develop the sensory sphere not only through studying the properties of depicted objects and performing appropriate actions, but also through working with various painting materials. In addition, the child’s cognitive interests are stimulated (using objects that surround the child every day from a new perspective - you can draw with your own palm, fingers, use a spikelet or birch leaf instead of brushes).

– this is an impetus for the development of imagination, creativity, the manifestation of independence, initiative, and expression of individuality. Each technique is a small game that brings joy and positive emotions to the child. It does not tire the baby, the child remains highly active and efficient throughout the entire time of drawing.

Unconventional drawing is the basis of many art therapy techniques. As a means of correcting mental processes, non-traditional drawing techniques allow one to overcome feelings of fear, give freedom, and instill confidence in oneself and one’s abilities. Modern studies have shown that non-traditional drawing helps to weaken the arousal of emotionally disinhibited children, despite the fact that an overly active child needs a large space to develop activities, his attention is often scattered and unstable. In the process of non-standard artistic activity, the activity zone narrows and the amplitude of movements decreases.

Practicing this type of drawing contributes to the development of hand-eye coordination, imagination, logic, and thinking, which is very important for preparing a preschooler for school. Unconventional drawing is a way of self-expression, communication with oneself, an excellent means not only to lift your spirits, but also to look at the world through different eyes, and discover new possibilities in yourself!

There are many non-traditional drawing techniques; their unusualness lies in the fact that they allow children to quickly achieve the desired result. For example, what child would not be interested in drawing with his fingers, making a drawing with his own palm, putting blots on paper and getting a funny drawing. The child loves to quickly achieve results in his work.

Blotography

Blotography –This is a great way to have fun and usefully spend time, experiment with colors, and create unusual images. When blowing up blots, you cannot predict exactly how they will disperse, flow into each other, and what the final result will be... This activity will be interesting for both adults and children. And not only interesting, but also useful: for example, as articulatory gymnastics. Drawing by blowing through a straw also improves the health and strength of the lungs and respiratory system (which is especially useful for coughing).

I would like to note that with the help of this type of drawing it is good to depict various trees (you get intricate trunks, branches, etc.). Try it, you will like the result!

Poking with a hard semi-dry brush

Means of expression: texture of color, color. Materials: hard brush, gouache, paper of any color and format, or a cut out silhouette of a furry or prickly animal. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips a brush into the gouache and hits the paper with it, holding it vertically. When working, the brush does not fall into the water. In this way, the entire sheet, outline or template is filled. The result is an imitation of the texture of a fluffy or prickly surface.

Finger painting

Means of expression: spot, dot, short line, color. Materials: bowls with gouache, thick paper of any color, small sheets, napkins. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips his finger in the gouache and puts dots and specks on the paper. Each finger is painted with a different color. After work, wipe your fingers with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off.

Palm drawing

Means of expression: spot, color, fantastic silhouette. Materials: wide saucers with gouache, brush, thick paper of any color, large format sheets, napkins. Method of obtaining an image: a child dips his palm (the entire brush) into gouache or paints it with a brush (from the age of 5) and makes an imprint on paper. They draw with both the right and left hands, painted in different colors. After work, wipe your hands with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off.

Rolling paper

Means of expression: texture, volume. Materials: napkins or colored double-sided paper, PVA glue poured into a saucer, thick paper or colored cardboard for the base. Method of obtaining an image: the child crumples the paper in his hands until it becomes soft. Then he rolls it into a ball. Its sizes can be different: from small (berry) to large (cloud, lump for a snowman). After this, the paper ball is dipped in glue and glued to the base.

Imprint with crumpled paper

Means of expression: stain, texture, color. Materials: saucer or plastic box containing a stamp pad made of thin foam rubber impregnated with gouache, thick paper of any color and size, crumpled paper. Method of obtaining an image: a child presses crumpled paper onto a stamp pad with paint and makes an impression on the paper. To get a different color, both the saucer and the crumpled paper are changed.

Wax crayons + watercolor

Means of expression: color, line, spot, texture. Materials: wax crayons, thick white paper, watercolor, brushes. Method of obtaining an image: the child draws with wax crayons on white paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. The chalk drawing remains unpainted.

Bitmap

Children like everything unconventional. Drawing with dots is an unusual technique in this case. To implement it, you can take a felt-tip pen, a pencil, place it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and start drawing. But the best thing to do is dotted drawings with paints. Here's how it's done. A match, cleaned of sulfur, is tightly wrapped with a small piece of cotton wool and dipped in thick paint. And then the principle of drawing dots is the same. The main thing is to immediately interest the child.

Leaf prints

Means of expression: texture, color. Materials: paper, gouache, leaves of various trees (preferably fallen ones), brushes. Method of obtaining an image: a child covers a piece of wood with paints of different colors, then applies it with the painted side to the paper to make a print. Each time a new leaf is taken. The petioles of the leaves can be painted on with a brush.
Conducting a series of classes using a variety of techniques to identify children’s abilities over the course of time, it is clear that children have the ability to work with paints using non-traditional techniques. In children with poorly developed artistic and creative abilities, the indicators are slightly higher than at the beginning of the school year, but due to the use of non-traditional materials, the level of enthusiasm for the topic and technique and the ability to perceive color have improved.

Foam drawings

For some reason, we all tend to think that if we paint with paints, we must also use a brush. Not always, say TRIZ members. Foam rubber can come to the rescue. We advise you to make a variety of small geometric figures out of it, and then attach them with thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is already ready. Now you can dip it in paint and use stamps to draw red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, washes well). At first, children will draw geometric shapes chaotically. And then offer to make simple ornaments out of them - first from one type of figure, then from two, three.

Painting small pebbles

Of course, most often the child draws large stone tiles on a plane, on paper, or less often on asphalt. A flat image of a house, trees, cars, animals on paper is not as attractive as creating three-dimensional creations of your own. In this regard, sea pebbles are ideally used. They are smooth, small and have different shapes. The very shape of the pebble will sometimes tell the child what image to create in this case (and sometimes adults will help the kids). It is better to paint one pebble as a frog, another as a bug, and the third will produce a wonderful fungus. Bright, thick paint is applied to the pebble - and the image is ready. It’s better to finish it like this: after the pebble has dried, cover it with colorless varnish. In this case, a voluminous beetle or frog made by children’s hands shines and shimmers brightly. This toy will take part in independent children's games more than once and bring considerable benefit to its owner.

Nitography method

This method exists mainly for girls. But this does not mean that it is not suitable for children of a different gender. And it consists in the following. First, a screen measuring 25x25 cm is made from cardboard. Either velvet paper or plain flannel is glued onto the cardboard. It would be nice to prepare a cute bag with a set of woolen or half-woolen threads of various colors for the screen. This method is based on the following feature: threads having a certain percentage of wool are attracted to flannel or velvet paper. You just need to attach them with light movements of your index finger. From such threads you can prepare interesting stories. Imagination and sense of taste develop. Girls especially learn to skillfully select colors. Some thread colors suit light flannel, and completely different ones suit dark flannel. Thus begins the gradual path to women’s craft, a very necessary handicraft for them.

Volume applique

It is obvious that children love to do appliqué: cut something out and stick it on, getting a lot of pleasure from the process itself. And we need to create all the conditions for them. Along with planar appliqué, teach them to do three-dimensional applique: three-dimensional is better perceived by a preschooler and more realistically reflects the world around them. In order to obtain such an image, you need to wrinkle the applicative colored paper well in children’s hands, then slightly straighten it and cut out the required shape. Then just stick it on and, if necessary, draw in individual details with a pencil or felt-tip pen. For example, make a turtle that is so beloved by children. Remember the brown paper, straighten it slightly, cut out an oval shape and stick it on, and then draw on the head and legs.

Drawing with a plastic fork

You can also draw with forks. You will need paper, gouache, a fork and, of course, imagination. It is best to use a plastic fork as it is more flexible and safer. Dip the fork into the gouache and begin to press the fork onto the paper.