Patterns for preschoolers by cells. Graphic dictation with complex steps

Many tasks, such as graphic dictations for children 6-7 years old and preschoolers, develop spatial thinking and perception of the world around them, perseverance and attentiveness, and most importantly help prepare preschool children for writing and the basics of mathematics.

Graphic dictation in boxes is a very interesting task that a child must complete on paper in a box under dictation. The graphic dictation technique itself is based on developing the child’s attention and fine motor skills. This is very useful to develop before the child goes to school, but it’s okay if the child has already entered first or second grade, these tasks will be a useful addition to education.

• To complete the graphic dictation exercise, you need to prepare sample tasks, and give your child a piece of paper, a writing tool (pencil, pen, felt-tip pen), a small ruler and an eraser. It is easier for the youngest students to use a pencil; the fourth or fifth year of life is already suitable for this type of exercise.
• You can also make special sheets of paper for preschoolers, on which there will be large squares (not the standard ones of half a centimeter, but for example - 1 cm), they can be drawn in advance or printed. But children must complete the 1st grade graphic dictation on standard-checked notebooks.

You will have a drawing on your sheet, it could be different animals, a pattern or transport. The purpose of the exercise is for children to repeat the actions dictated by you, at the end of which the pattern should be identical to the sample.

Rules for drawing by cells

The tasks follow certain rules; this is not a math lesson, but it still teaches children the basics of counting and the concepts of direction in space. At the very beginning, you place a dot on the paper at the corner of the square (this will be the starting point), it should be in such a place that the child, repeating the pattern, can fit it on the piece of paper. Also, your child can set this point on his own, but you should tell him how much he should retreat from the top and side of the sheet.

Next, arrows will be drawn on your sheet, indicating the sides of the direction of space and numbers indicating how many cells need to be drawn to get the desired pattern. Example: horizontal arrows “5←” – five cells to the left, “1→” – one cell to the right.

Vertical arrows “3” – three cells up, “6↓” – six cells down. Diagonal arrows: “2↖” – two cells diagonally up to the left, “4↗” – four cells diagonally up to the right, “↘” – down to the right “↙” – down to the left.

Options for graphic dictations by cell

• Dictations can be simple or complex, it all depends on the level of development of your child. So, for example, dictation for preschoolers should be very easy, since kids are just learning to hold pencils in their hands and are just beginning to navigate space. But dictations on cells for children in grades 1–2 can be more complex and the pattern can be made in different colors.
• Exercises can be written in text (a short story) or simply have directions and numbers. Other dictation options can be intended for different genders. So a graphic dictation for boys can consist of drawings that the boys liked, these could be: a robot, an airplane, animals (pelican, rhinoceros, dog, etc.). Whereas for girls the picture can be: a flower, a doll, a cat, etc.

Simple tasks

Simple exercises are considered easy to repeat and form. So, for example, you can teach the basics of geometry using pictures with squares, triangles, trapezoids, rhombuses, etc. To make it easier for your little one to complete the lesson, help and guide him while sitting next to him.

If the baby gets confused, then tell him that he drew in the wrong direction and be sure to praise him when he does the right thing. In simple lessons, the lines should be directed strictly horizontally or vertically. You can draw a hint in the corner of the piece of paper, in the form of arrows and a number of names of directions.

Dog

To draw the “Dog” dictation, we retreat six cells to the left of the sheet and six from the top, put a dot, and start drawing from it:

2→, 1, 2→, 1, 1→, 5↓, 7→, 2, 1→, 3↓, 1←, 7↓, 2←, 1, 1→, 3, 6←, 4↓, 2←, 1, 1→, 3, 1←5, 3, ←2.

Paint the dog yellow, add an eye to it, or you can add spots with another color, for example brown.

Robot

We retreat 6 cells from above and 7 to the left, draw from the point:

1→, 1, 3→, 1↓, 1→, 1↓, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 1↓, 3→, 1↓, 2←, 2↓, 1→, 2↓, 1→, 1↓, 3←, 2, 1←, 2↓, 3←, 1, 1→, 2, 1→, 2, 2←, 1, 3→, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 1.

Paint it in any color.

Robot (graphic dictation by cells), draw a robot by cells

Car

To draw a car, move two squares to the left of the sheet and 9 from the top, put a dot, and start from there:

4→, 2, 8→, 2↓, 3→, 3↓, 2←, 1, 2←, 1↓, 6←, 1, 2←, 1↓, 3←, 3.

Offer to finish drawing the wheels and windows and doors of the car, and paint it in any color.

Difficult tasks

The difficult lesson is that the drawing is not simple in shape, it is no longer just squares and triangles, but full-fledged graphic drawings with many curves. In addition to horizontal and vertical lines, you can add diagonals.

This complicates the process quite a lot, and should be done if the child loses interest and completes everything very quickly. You can also add different colors, i.e. one part of the drawing is drawn in one color (red), and for the second half the color changes (blue or green).

Donkey

In order to get a donkey you need to retreat 32 cells to the left and 2 from the top, put a dot and start:

1→, 2↓, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 2↓, 1←, 2↓, 1→, 5↓, 1→, 3↓, 1←, 1↓, 2←, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 4↓, 1←, 2↓, 1←, 2↓, 1←, 2↓, 1←, 2↓, 1←, 6↓, 1←, 7, 1←, 3, 1←, 1, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 1↓, 6←, 1, 1←, 1, 2←, 1↓, 1←, 2↓, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 6↓, 1←, 8, 1→, 5, 1←, 1, 1←, 4↓, 1←6, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 2→, 1, 14→, 1, 2→, 1, 2→, 1, 2→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 3.

Color the donkey gray and add an eye.

Airplane

Try to draw an airplane with your baby, use a special “formula” for this.:

2→, 1↘, 5→, 3↖, 2→, 3↘, 4→, 1↘, 2←, 1, 1→, 2↘, 5←, 3↙, 2←, 3↗, 5←, 3↖, connect at the starting point. Paint the airplane grey, blue or green, but do not paint over the cockpit.

Kangaroo

So, the graphic dictation of a kangaroo needs to start by setting a point, retreating 2 on the left and 5 on top:

1, 2→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 2→, 1, 1→, 4, 1→, 1↓, 1→, 1↓, 1 →, 1↓, 1←, 2↓, 2→, 2↓, 1←, 1, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 2↓, 2←, 1↓, 2→, 1↓, 4←, 1 , 1←, 1, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 1↓, 3←, connected to the beginning.

Color the kangaroo orange and add an eye.

Kangaroo (graphic dictation by cells), draw a kangaroo by cells

Giraffe

To draw a giraffe you need to start from the starting point:

1↗, 2→, 1, 1→, 10↓, 4→, set a point, from it 2↘, 1→, 1↓, 1←, 1, returned to the set point, from it 8↓, 1 to the left, 5 , reverse 5↓, 1←, 5, 3←, 5↓, 1←, 4, 1↙, 2↓, 1←, 2, 2↗, 1↖, 1, 1↗, 7, 1←, 1↖ and connect to the starting point.

You can draw spots on the giraffe and complete the eye.

Fish

To draw a graphic dictation of a fish, we retreat six cells to the left of the sheet and seven from the top, put a dot, and start drawing from it:

1→, 1, 3→, 1, 2→, 1↓, 2→, 1↓, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 1→, 1, 2→, 3↓, 1←, 1↓, 1←, 2↓, 1→, 1↓, 1→, 3↓, 2←, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 1, 1←, 1↓, 2←, 1↓, 2←, 1, 3←, 1, 1←, 2.

Color the fish's fins blue, add an eye, and color the fish itself green or purple.

Fish (graphic dictation by cells), draw a fish by cells

Graphic dictation by cells for children in 1st grade is an entertaining, useful and interesting game, during which the child tries to guess what kind of picture he will get in his notebook. This type of work is very popular among teachers. Many of them use O.A.’s manual in their activities. Kholodova “Clever Men and Clever Girls”, where you can find many such drawings in cells. Let's take a closer look.

Benefit

Children are encouraged to draw such patterns in their math notebooks. For schoolchildren, these moments of educational activity are interesting and are perceived with pleasure. For first-graders, this type of activity in class or at home helps them with their ability to coordinate hand movements and develop writing skills. By coping with the task, children learn to be more attentive, develop perseverance, imagination, creative thinking, and increase their active vocabulary.

By drawing lines along the cells, the child develops fine motor skills, remembers counting within 10, and develops initial mathematical concepts. This entertaining form of work promotes the development of spelling vigilance and facilitates an easier process of adaptation to school.

These pictures are also used in various methods that help determine the level of development of the baby. For example, using the “Graphic Dictation” technique by D.B. Elkonin can reveal how well a child has developed orientation in space, the ability to be attentive, listen and accurately follow the instructions offered by the teacher, work independently under the dictation of an adult, and draw lines on a notebook sheet in the indicated direction.

Features of conducting classes

Prepare your child's workspace and check that there is nothing unnecessary that would distract the child from work. All necessary materials should be on the table:

• checkered notebook;
• a simple pencil;
• eraser;
• sample implementation or instructions for an adult.

You need to put a starting point on the piece of paper from which the baby will begin moving through the cells. Next, start dictating. The numbers in the task indicate how many cells you need to move, and the arrows indicate the direction of movement. For example, the designation 2→ indicates that you need to draw a line 2 cells to the right.

The speaker's speech should be clear and understandable. Make sure your child keeps up with the pace of your dictation. If necessary, provide him with assistance. It will be more interesting to study if you add riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, physical exercises, etc. during the activity.

When your child sees the finished image, you can have a conversation about it, tell interesting facts, and invite him to color or shade it.

Methods of execution

Drawing by cells for first-graders should not be too complicated. They can be carried out in several ways:

• Dictation. The teacher tells you how many cells you need to move forward and in what direction. The student works by perceiving information by ear, and then compares it with the sample.
• You can offer a ready-made pattern and ask to repeat it in your notebook.
• The baby will also enjoy finishing the figures with symmetry. In this case, he is offered half of the symmetrical image, and he must complete the second himself.

What dictations are suitable for first-graders

The following tasks are suitable for first grade students:

• Camel

• Rhinoceros

• Foal

Graphic dictations are interesting drawings in a notebook according to a diagram. The child enthusiastically creates the image that should be the result. And parents, using them, will be able to prepare their child for school and prevent many difficulties that may arise. Let's take a closer look at what it is.

Drawings by cells

With this interesting, exciting game, which will also contribute to the development of the baby, you will be able to captivate your baby during a long wait in line, will not let him get bored while traveling, or just have a good time with him at home.

The child draws with great interest in his notebook according to the cells. This is precisely his main task in performing them. It is important to be able to draw the line by following clear instructions. The result of the work will be the resulting image of an object.

Benefit

Graphic dictations provide good assistance to parents and teachers in preparing their child for school. With their help, you can help him avoid the difficulties that students encounter during training. Among them are undeveloped spelling vigilance, absent-mindedness, poor concentration, and restlessness.

By regularly studying with your preschooler, you will develop attention, logical and abstract thinking, imagination, perseverance, fine motor skills, the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper, and coordinate your movements. You will teach your child to hold a pen and pencil correctly and teach him how to count. By performing graphic dictations, the child will learn the concepts of “right-left”, “top-bottom”, and consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice.

The child draws in the boxes as the task is dictated by an adult. At the same time, he listens carefully to what needs to be done, that is, he learns to listen and hear what the adult is telling him, and to focus on what is said. These skills are among the most important in school learning.

By exercising at least twice a week, you will be able to see results within 2-3 months. In addition, by performing graphic dictations, the child will broaden his horizons, expand his vocabulary, and learn different ways of depicting objects. With the help of this playful form of classes, the child will be able to master the skills that will be useful to him for successful learning.

You should start training no earlier than the baby turns four years old. It is at this age that fine motor skills can already develop. Interest in graphic dictations is shown not only among preschoolers, but also among teenagers, who will also benefit greatly from them.

Preparation

This stage is necessary first. It represents the acquisition of everything necessary to complete graphic dictations. You will need a collection of dictations that is age-appropriate for your child. For kids, dictations that contain the concepts “right-left” and “up-down”, without angular movements, are suitable. As the child grows up and masters the ability to do a task correctly, you can gradually introduce movement along the diagonals of the cells.

Collections can be purchased in bookstores, they can be found on sale in stationery and second-hand bookstores. You can find a huge number of different graphic dictations on the Internet and print them. Or you can come up with an image yourself.

You will also need a squared notebook or separate sheets, a pen or pencil, and an eraser. The finished image can be colored with colored pencils or felt-tip pens.

When all the necessary materials required for conducting a graphic dictation have been selected, you need to prepare the baby for it. To do this, teach your child the concept of “right-left”, demonstrate to him where the sheet is top and where the bottom is, he needs to understand what “moving up” or “moving down” means. Tell us how to move the pen and count the required number of cells.

How to teach

A well-prepared workplace is required to conduct the lesson. The table must have a smooth and even surface. Furniture must correspond to the height of the baby. The child should sit straight and level in the chair. Good proper lighting is necessary.

Prepare sheets with graphic dictations. At first, it is necessary for the baby to have before his eyes a sample of the completed task. Also, a simple pencil and an eraser should be placed in front of the baby. It is necessary to remove incorrectly drawn lines and be able to continue performing graphic dictation. Also, when you are just starting to teach a child to perform such tasks, an adult should do this with him on his piece of paper and correct the child, showing and explaining on his own example.

Turn on physical exercises during class. It is necessary to give rest to the baby's eyes and hands.

Start learning. To do this, mark a starting point on your child’s sheet or explain to him how he can do this on his own. Tell him that it is from this point that you need to start moving in a given direction and count the number of cells that you name.

Now start dictation. On your assignment sheet, place a mark where you finished. This will help you not to get confused and not to confuse your child.

Watch how the baby counts down. Tell him the direction of movement if he is still confused about the concepts of “right and left.” If he makes mistakes when counting the required number of cells, then at first do it with him.

Time to study

Stages of conducting classes

Any individual lesson should consist of several stages of its implementation. Preferably. so that it includes: the graphic dictation itself, a conversation about the resulting image, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles, physical exercises, finger gymnastics. The semantic load must be present at all stages of its implementation, the sequence of which may be different.

For example, you can do finger exercises with your child, speak tongue twisters and tongue twisters. It is better if they are dedicated to the selected image. Then you conduct the graphic dictation itself.

Spend a physical minute approximately in the middle of its implementation. After the child has seen the resulting image, it is necessary to have a discussion. Tell him interesting facts about him, ask him to compose a story on his own. After the discussion, ask your child riddles.

It is possible to conduct the lesson in a different order. At the beginning of the exercise, gymnastics for the fingers is performed. Then work on the graphic dictation itself with physical exercises. And then it is necessary to discuss the details, pronounce phrases and tongue twisters, and solve riddles.

During the discussion, explain to your child that a box drawing is a schematic representation of objects, tell about the difference between a schematic representation, a picture and a photograph. Explain to your child that in a schematic image you can see the features of objects that distinguish them from others, by which they can be recognized. For example, a distinctive feature of a hare will be its long ears, an elephant can be recognized by its trunk, and a giraffe by its long neck.

If you want the lesson not to become boring, you can diversify the work on tongue twisters and tongue twisters. It is possible to use a ball, which the child will rhythmically throw on all individual words or syllables. You can throw it from hand to hand. You can clap the rhythm of a tongue twister or a pure twister. You can also ask them to try to pronounce the tongue twister several times in a row without getting confused.

Types of graphic dictations

Graphic dictations can be divided into two types.

• Doing it under dictation. This type involves dictating the drawing order to adults. The child perceives information by ear.

• Execution in a given order. This type is characterized by ready-made sheets offered to the child with a task written on top of the sheet. The tasks look like this: 2, 2 →, 2 ↓, 2 ← (you get a square). The child performs them, looking at the proposed diagram, where the number indicates the number of cells by which it is necessary to move, and the arrow indicates the direction of movement.

According to the level of complexity, graphic dictations can be divided into:

• for beginners;
• lungs;
• complex.

They can be used by both kindergarten teachers, school teachers, and parents in the process of home schooling.

• When selecting tasks, you should take into account the individual interests of your child, his gender, and age. For little ones, it will be interesting to draw various animals in cells: bunnies, bears, cats. Girls will be happy to draw flowers or princesses. Boys will be delighted with cars, robots, castles, funny people. If your child, for example, is interested in playing musical instruments, you can draw treble clefs, sheet music and musical instruments with him.
• You should start by drawing simple geometric shapes: square, rectangle, triangle, rhombus, etc. In addition to all the benefits of drawing by cells, you will also learn their names with your baby. For those who are just starting to master drawing by cells, simple dictations performed in one color are suitable. The difficulty level of tasks must be increased gradually.

If you want to teach your child how to navigate a notebook and get used to working in it, then you should use notebook sheets or complete the task in the notebook itself.

• Make the activities varied, draw with your child those animals that he does not yet know, accompany the drawing with a story about them. Use colors that your baby has not yet learned. Let the child tell you himself what kind of image he turned out. Expand your child's horizons and vocabulary. Learn new words, talk about where and how they can be used.
• Don't be nervous if your baby doesn't succeed right away. Give him hints and a little push to complete the task correctly. Remember that classes should be held with a positive attitude and in the form of a game. It is necessary to create a friendly environment. Then the child will study with pleasure.

Don't overload your baby. You should not continue the lesson if he is tired. It's better to finish the work later. Don't compare him to other children. Praise your child for a task well done.

Only when such conditions are created will learning be fruitful and successful, and the baby will study with pleasure.

The following video provides an example of a graphic dictation for a child, which you can use yourself at home.

See the following video for an example of how to conduct a lesson.

Egorova Natalya Viktorovna

Fun activity for preschoolers –

graphic dictations.

Drawing by cells– a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a child’s spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, and perseverance.

Graphic dictations help develop attention, the ability to listen to the teacher, and spatial orientation. They will also prepare your child's hand for writing. They will teach the baby to be more attentive. This is a great way to develop logic, abstract thinking, and meticulousness. With the help of these activities, the child develops, corrects the correctness of his movements, “gets a steady hand,” this skill will help him in school. Graphic dictations can be successfully used from the age of five.

What are graphic dictations? Graphic dictations are drawing in cells using the pointers in the task. To complete them we will need: a sheet of paper on which the cells are drawn, a pencil, an eraser. The tasks contain arrows (showing direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the indicated direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction at the right distance, you get a picture. It could be an animal, various objects, vegetables, fruits, trees, transport and much more.

Drawing by cells - a good way to teach your baby to use a pencil and pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that your fingers don’t get so tired from holding an object at school. This exercise will help teach your child to count correctly; here you will need to count the cells so that by drawing a line you will get a picture.

I practice graphic dictation, both with the whole group of children and in individual lessons with children. Children really like these exercises. Children also take great pleasure in drawing themselves on lined sheets with tasks.

How to do graphic dictation

(Rules for drawing by cells).

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:

1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric design and asked to repeat exactly the same design in a checkered notebook.

2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down). The child does the work by ear, and then compares his image of the ornament or figure with the example in the manual using the method of superimposition.

When offering children such tasks, the teacher must observe certain rules. la:

When the teacher begins to dictate, he cannot pronounce any other words. And even more so repeat the same direction twice.

Dictations are written in complete silence.

If the child gets confused, he quietly puts down the pencil and calmly waits until the teacher finishes dictating. Only after this can you find out the error.

I start getting acquainted with the cage from the middle group.

I start work with the simplest thing - I write tasks in a notebook with a large square, the child must continue the row. Learning to see a cell and a line. We write sticks, squares, corners, simple patterns, each time complicating the tasks. We first divide the patterns into segments - we train, then all the particles are assembled into a pattern.

The following notations are used in the tasks: the number of cells being counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow.

Before you start writing a graphic dictation, you should explain to the children how the dictation will be carried out. First, we talk with the children that I will dictate to them how many cells the lines need to be drawn and in what direction. And they will draw these lines along the cells without lifting the pencil from the paper, and then together we will see what happens. Encourage the children to try to draw straight and beautiful lines, then the drawing will turn out wonderful.

For the first time, you can draw on the board with the children so that they can see how they need to work, and the children will be able to complete subsequent dictations without prompting. Before the dictation, you need to repeat where the right and left hands are, how to draw a line to the right and left. You can agree with the children about any marks (draw the letters “p” and “l” on the board, make marks on the walls, or stipulate that, for example: the right hand points to the window, and the left to the bedroom, etc.)

Then we move on to drawing under dictation.

To begin with, on the sheet with the dictation, in the upper corners, you need to mark - right and left. We give the child a squared notebook sheet, a pencil and an eraser.

In older groups, at the top of the picture we always indicate how many cells need to be moved away from the edge and top to start the dictation. In the indicated place, for example: retreat 5 cells from the edge to the left, count 6 cells from above. This is where you need to put a point. For younger children, it is better to count the cells on their own and set a reference point (from this point the child will draw lines under dictation).

It’s better to start with the simplest: - one cell up (1, one cell to the right (1), one cell down (1), one cell to the left (1). The result is a square.

You need to dictate clearly, the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how well the children’s figures coincide with the given elements. Review the sample. If the baby made a mistake, find out together where exactly. You can use an eraser to wipe away the point of failure and continue. The main thing is to support the child, praise him, if something doesn’t work out, you can offer to redraw the picture from the original.

Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is right, where is left, where is up, where is down. Pay attention to the baby that every person has a right and a left side. Explain that the hand with which he eats, draws and writes is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, it is necessary to explain to left-handers that there are people for whom the working hand is the right, and there are people for whom the working hand is the left.

This activity includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Activities with your child can be arranged in different sequences.

Application:

Graphic dictations
(Drawing by cells)

Entering school is an important moment in the life of a child and his parents. The better a child is prepared for school psychologically, emotionally and intellectually, the more confident he will feel, the easier his adaptation period in primary school will be.

Graphic dictations for preschoolers help parents and teachers systematically prepare their child for school and prevent such typical learning difficulties as underdeveloped spelling vigilance, restlessness and absent-mindedness. Regular classes with these graphic dictations develop the child’s voluntary attention, spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, coordination of movements, and perseverance.

Drawing by cells is a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a child’s spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, coordination of movements, and perseverance. Graphic dictations can be successfully used for children from 5 to 10 years old.

By completing the tasks proposed in the graphic dictations below, the child will broaden his horizons, increase his vocabulary, learn to navigate a notebook, and become familiar with different ways of depicting objects.

How to work with these graphic dictations:

Each dictation contains tasks for children aged 5–7 years.

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:
1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric design and asked to repeat exactly the same design in a checkered notebook.
2. The adult dictates the sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child does the work by ear, and then compares his image of the ornament or figure with the example in the manual using the overlay method.

Graphic dictations are supplemented with riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters and finger exercises. During the lesson, the child practices correct, clear and literate speech, develops fine motor skills, learns to identify the distinctive features of objects, and expands his vocabulary.

The tasks are selected according to the principle “from simple to complex.” If you start studying these graphic dictations with your child, do the tasks with him in order: start with the very first simple dictations and gradually move on to more complex ones.

For classes, you need a squared notebook, a simple pencil and an eraser so that the child can always correct the wrong line. For children 5–6 years old, it is better to use a notebook with a large square (0.8 mm) so as not to strain their eyesight. Starting from graphic dictation No. 40, all drawings are designed for a regular school notebook (they will not fit in a large-squared notebook).

The following notations are used in the tasks: the number of cells being counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow. For example, the entry:

should read: 1 cell to the right, 3 cells up, 2 cells to the left, 4 cells down, 1 cell to the right.

During classes, the child’s attitude and the friendly attitude of the adult are very important. Remember that classes for a child are not an exam, but a game. Help your child, make sure he doesn’t make mistakes. The result of the work should always satisfy the child, so that he wants to draw in the cells again and again.

Your task is to help your child master the skills necessary for good study in a playful way. Therefore, never scold him. If something doesn’t work out for him, just explain how to do it correctly. Praise your baby more often, and never compare with anyone.

The duration of one lesson with graphic dictations should not exceed 10 - 15 minutes for children 5 years old, 15 - 20 minutes for children 5 - 6 years old and 20 - 25 minutes for children 6 - 7 years old. But if the child gets carried away, do not stop him and interrupt the lesson.

Pay attention to the child’s sitting position during the dictation and how he holds the pencil. Show your child how to hold a pencil between the phalanges of the index, thumb and middle fingers. If your child doesn't count well, help him count the cells in his notebook.

Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is right, where is left, where is up, where is down. Pay attention to the baby that every person has a right and a left side. Explain that the hand with which he eats, draws and writes is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, it is necessary to explain to left-handers that there are people for whom the working hand is the right, and there are people for whom the working hand is the left.

After this, you can open the notebook and teach your child to navigate on a piece of paper. Show your child where the left edge of the notebook is, where the right edge is, where the top is, where the bottom is. It can be explained that previously there were slanted desks at school, which is why the top edge of the notebook was called the top edge, and the bottom edge was called the bottom edge. Explain to your child that if you say “to the right,” then you need to point the pencil “there” (to the right). And if you say “to the left,” then you need to point the pencil “there” (to the left) and so on. Show your child how to count the cells.

You yourself will also need a pencil and an eraser in order to mark the lines you read. Dictations can be quite lengthy, and to avoid getting confused, put dots with a pencil opposite the lines you are reading. This will help you not to get lost. After the dictation, you can erase all the dots.

Each lesson includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Activities with your child can be arranged in different sequences. You can first do finger exercises, read tongue twisters and tongue twisters, and then do a graphic dictation. On the contrary, you can do graphic dictation first, then tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. It is better to make riddles at the end of the lesson.
When the child draws a picture, talk about the fact that there are objects and their images. Images can be different: photographs, drawings, schematic images. A graphic dictation is a schematic representation of an object.

Talk about how each animal has its own distinctive characteristics. A schematic image shows the distinctive features by which we can recognize an animal or object. Ask your child what the distinctive features of the animal he or she has drawn are. For example, a hare has long ears and a small tail, an elephant has a long trunk, an ostrich has a long neck, a small head and long legs, and so on.

Work with tongue twisters and tongue twisters in different ways:
1. Let the child pick up the ball and, rhythmically tossing and catching it with his hands, say a tongue twister or a tongue twister. You can throw and catch the ball for each word or syllable.
2. Let the child say a tongue twister (pure tongue twister) while throwing the ball from one hand to the other.
3. You can pronounce a tongue twister by clapping the rhythm with your palms.
4. Suggest saying the tongue twister 3 times in a row and not getting lost.
Do finger exercises together so that the child sees and repeats the movements after you.
And now that you have become familiar with the basic rules for conducting a graphic dictation, you can begin classes.

Mathematical dictations

1st class

The benefits of mental calculations are enormous. By performing oral arithmetic operations, children not only repeat the rules of arithmetic, reinforce them, but also, most importantly, learn not mechanically, but meaningfully. With oral calculations, such valuable qualities as attention, concentration, endurance, ingenuity, and independence develop.

The effectiveness of oral arithmetic depends not only on the correct determination of the volume and content of these classes, but also on their organization: the correct setting of tasks and questioning, the rational recording of students’ knowledge and skills, the correct alternation of oral and written calculations. Most often, tasks are offered orally. This form of organizing classes is the most valuable, as students develop attention and memory, and most importantly, they prepare for “life” arithmetic, where they often have to perform operations on numbers perceived by ear. However, this form requires a lot of mental effort, and therefore tires children relatively quickly, especially those who have a predominant visual memory.

The use of only this form of classes observed in school practice leads to the fact that not all children participate in mental calculation. There are especially many passive students when the dictated exercises contain large numbers or when many listening tasks are given in a row. To avoid this, it is necessary to alternate purely auditory exercises with exercises on visual perception.

The main purpose of the mathematical dictations presented in this work is to help the teacher effectively train children’s attention span, working memory, and ability to concentrate. Based on these goals, the following groups of tasks are given in the dictations:

· operating rooms , in which you need to calculate, solve problems, perform transformations, etc., receiving information by ear;

· brain teaser, in which you need to evaluate the truth of a statement, for which you need to be attentive and focused, be able to listen, hear and analyze data;

· aimed at mastering mathematicalterminology.

The proposed tasks provide meaningful educational material for the stageoral work at the beginning of a mathematics lesson, as well as a summing up stage at the end of the lesson. The development of competent mathematical speech is facilitated by the presence in each dictation of samples of reading mathematical expressions.

The introduction of game elements and non-standard tasks into mathematical dictation helps children who are interested in mathematics maintain and develop interest in it, and children who have difficulties with mathematics understand and love it.

Conducting a dictation can be organized like this:

1. The teacher reads aloud dictation assignments from one option. Students write down their answers on pieces of paper or in notebooks. Immediately (or at the end of the lesson) you should show the correct answers and discuss solutions to individual tasks.

2. Individual students may read dictation assignments aloud as directed by the teacher. This is especially useful for children with poor reading skills, as well as those who have a predominant visual perception.

3. It is useful from time to time in the class to give all students dictation texts for independent work with them (by writing down the dictation text on the board). This is important for remembering the spelling of mathematical terms.

4. Mathematical dictations can also be given for homework under the guidance of parents. This will allow each student to additionally calmly practice reading mathematical texts, slowly understand individual problems, and test their knowledge.

Grades for work are given taking into account the number of correctly solved tasks. If there are 6 (or 8) tasks in the dictation, the grades can be as follows:

Number of less correct answers

6 (8)

5 (7)

4 (5–6)

4 (5)

Grade

Subject. “Comparison of objects and groups of objects”

Goals. Test your ability to count objects; compare objects according to various criteria: color, shape, size; navigate in space (right, left, above, below); compare groups of objects (less, more, the same).

Dictation 1

1. On the top line, draw as many circles as there are tomatoes on the board (there are 6 tomatoes on the board). Color the third circle.

2. Draw 3 red squares on the left and 1 green triangle on the right.

3. Draw a square and a circle underneath it. Color the figure that is drawn below.

4. Draw a square, a triangle and a circle so that the triangle is between the circle and the square.

5. How many nuts are there in an empty glass?

Dictation 2

1. Draw as many sticks as there are triangles on the board.

2. The apartment has two rooms. They made two rooms out of one. Draw as many circles as there are rooms.

3. Continue the pattern by color:

To - red,and - yellow,With - blue

4. Ira has more than 3 nuts and less than 5. How many nuts does Ira have? Draw these nuts.

5. Color the rectangles with pencils of two colors so that 2 rectangles are the same and 2 are different.

6. The cat had 3 black and 2 gray kittens. Which kittens are more numerous: gray or black?

Dictation 3

1. Draw 6 triangles in a line through a cell. Below, draw 8 sticks.

2. There are 5 houses displayed on the typesetting canvas. Circle 1 more square in your notebook than there are houses.

3. Anya lived closer to the school than Valya. Which of them lived further from the school?

4. Name the neighbors of number 4.

5. Circle as many cells in a line as there are circles on the typesetting canvas (9). Color them like this: the third with a red pencil, and the seventh and ninth with a blue pencil.

6. Graphic dictation.

7. Shade the square with horizontal lines from left to right (the square is given on the piece of paper).

Subject. "Numbers from 1 to 10. Addition and subtraction."

Goals. Test your ability to reproduce a sequence of numbers from 1 to 10 and correlate them with the corresponding group of objects; compare numbers within 10, read simple mathematical notations like 1 + 1 = 2, etc.; relate these notes to a specific illustration (drawing); perform table addition within 10; represent the numbers of the first ten as the sum of two terms; solve logical and text problems in one action.

Dictation 1

1. Write down the numbers: 1, 5, 7.

2. The boy caught 2 fish and released them into a bucket. Then he caught 3 more fish. Draw as many fish as there are total fish in the bucket.

3. There are 4 children in the family: as many sisters as brothers. How many sisters are there in the family?

4. Write down the numbers from 1 to 6.

5. Write down the numbers from 9 to 4.

6. Shade the rectangle from bottom to top with vertical lines (the rectangle is given on the piece of paper).

Dictation 2

1. Name the number that follows the number 9; behind the number 5.

2. We added 1 to the number we had in mind and got 7. What number did we have in mind?

3. What numbers are missing if the sum in each column is 8?

4. Complete the figures so that the number of elements in the sets is equal.

5. Old man Hottabych has a beard longer than that of Doctor Aibolit, but shorter than that of Karabas Barabas. Whose beard is the longest?

6. Increase: 9 by 1; 4 by 2; 7 to 1; 6 by 2.

Dictation 3

1. The first term is equal to 4, and the second term is equal to 2. Find the value of the sum.

2. The minuend is 5, the subtrahend is 3. Find the value of the difference.

3. Increase 7 by 2.

4. Reduce 8 by 3.

5. Among the numbers of each pair, find the number that is larger and circle it in the row of numbers with a red pencil: 9 and 8; 5 and 3; 1 and 4.

6. Find the odd shape.

7. The Straw is higher than the Bubble, and the Lapot is lower than the Bubble. Who is taller: Lapot or Straw?

8. Graphic dictation.

Subject. "Numbers from 11 to 20. Addition and subtraction"

Goals. Test your ability to read and write numbers from 0 to 20; perform table addition and subtraction within 20; represent all numbers from 2 to 20 as the sum of two terms; solve text and logic problems in one action.

Dictation 1

1. Write down the number that comes before 12, 13...

2. Increase 10 by 1.

3. Reduce 19 by 1.

4. What number is less than 15 by 1?

5. How much more is 12 than 7?

6. The first term is 7, the second is 4. Find the sum.

7. How much do you need to add to 5 to get 12?

8. What is the sum if the first term is 6 and the second is 7?

9. There were 5 cars in the garage, 3 more cars arrived. How many cars are there in the garage?

Dictation 2

1. 10 is 7 and how many more?

2. What number must be subtracted from 5 to get 7?

3. Find the difference between the numbers 15 and 9.

4. Increase 7 by 5.

5. The minuend is 12, the subtrahend is 8. Find the difference.

6. My brother has 5 notebooks, my sister has the same number. How many notebooks do brother and sister have together?

7. The crested newt molts every 7 days. How many times does a newt molt in 14 days?

Dictation 3

1. Given numbers: 10, 3, 7. Write down the number that is the value of the sum of the other two.

2. Given numbers: 15, 9, 6. Write down the number that is the difference between the other two.

3. Write down a number that has 1 ten and 3 ones.

4. Increase the difference between the numbers 5 and 3 by 10.

5. Write down the number that is less than 12 by 1.

6. When 3 liters of milk were taken from the can, there were 7 liters more left in it than was taken. How many liters of milk were in the can?

7. A bottle of juice costs 9 rubles. An empty bottle costs 3 rubles. How much does the juice cost? Elephant, female elephant, two baby elephants
They walked in a crowd to a watering hole,
And three tiger cubs are coming towards you
They walked home from the watering hole.
Count quickly
How many animals did you meet?

3.

Uncle Hedgehog came into the garden,
I found ten ripe pears.
He gave seven of them to the hedgehogs,
The rest are for bunnies.

How many pears does Uncle Hedgehog have?
gave it to the bunnies?

4.

The lady was checking in luggage
Sofa, suitcase, travel bag,
Picture, basket, cardboard
And a little dog.

How many things, including the dog,
did the lady check it in as luggage?

5.

The squirrel was returning from the market
And I met Lisa.
- What are you talking about, Squirrel? –
Lisa asked a question.
- I bring it to my kids
Two nuts and three cones.
You, Lisa, tell me:
How much is two plus three?

6.

Five puppies were playing football
One was called home.
He looks out the window and thinks:
How many of them are playing now?

7.

Here are eight bunnies
They walk along the path
After them
Two are running.
So how much is it all
Along the forest path
He's in a hurry
Bunnies home?

8.

Once upon a time in a dense forest
The hedgehog built himself a house,
Invited forest animals.
Count them quickly:
Two bunnies, two foxes,
Two funny little bears
Two baby squirrels, two beavers.
It's time to name the answer!