What is origami and what is it eaten with. History of origami - Basic shapes Basic shape kite origami crafts

Basic forms origami is the basis of all paper figures made in this technique. It will be very cool if your child learns to fold such “semi-finished products”. But putting them together just for the sake of learning is boring. They will be remembered by themselves, in the process of working on models, the basis for which these basic forms will serve. Here we will look at fairly complex basic origami shapes:

The basic form of origami "Double Triangle" for children from 6 years old

Place the square in front of you, colored side down. Fold the square diagonally and straighten. We repeat the same action on the other side.
Turn the paper over so that it is colored side up. Fold the sheet in half, connecting the top and bottom sides of the square. Let's fix the sheet.
We have got all the lines necessary for folding. Let's put our figure on them. She herself will strive to take the desired form.
The basic form of origami "Double Triangle" is ready
Usually in the origami literature, another way of folding this basic model is given. But our experience suggests that the method described above is easier for children to do. Despite this, we present a diagram of the second folding method. Perhaps you will find it more interesting.
Scheme of folding the basic form of origami "Double Triangle". Correctly "read" the diagram will help you, adopted in origami.

The basic form of origami "Fish" for children from 7-8 years old

We present two ways to fold this basic origami shape.

The first variant of folding the basic shape "Fish"

The general scheme of folding the basic form of origami "Fish" (first option).

And now we will show in detail how this is done.

Fold a square of paper diagonally and unfold - outline the middle line.

Fold the two edges to the middle line - we get the basic shape of the “Kite”.

Let's bend the figure back, combining the opposite corners. For convenience, you can turn the figure. The picture also shows a rear view.

Let's open the pockets.

Now we “flip” one of the two triangles from right to left. Let's flip the figure.

The basic form of origami "Fish" is ready.

The second variant of folding the basic shape "Fish"

The general scheme of folding the basic form of origami "Fish" (second option)

1. Fold the square diagonally and unfold it.
2. Fold the upper sides to the intended line. Let's expand the figurine.
3. Repeat the operation, folding the lower sides towards the middle.
4. Fold the square diagonally down, turning it into a triangle and also expand it. We have a whole network of lines outlined by folding.

Let's start folding along the marked lines. To do this, take the thumb and forefinger of two hands at the edges of the model, squeezing two layers of paper at once, and bring them to the middle.
The basic model of origami "Fish" is ready.

The basic form of origami "Catamaran" for children from 8 years old

1. Fold the square diagonally and unfold it. We repeat the same on the other side. We get two lines outlined by folds.
2. Now let's outline two more folds. To do this, fold the square in half in two directions and straighten it.
3. Let's outline four more lines. To do this, fold the corners to the middle of the square, and then unfold.
4. All lines are marked. We begin, in fact, folding the basic form. Fold the sides towards the center.
5. Now fold the top and bottom sides of the resulting rectangle to the center.
6. The most difficult thing remains. From the inside, you need to take the corner of the top layer of paper with your fingers and pull it to the side until it stops.
We do this with all four corners.
The basic form of origami "Catamaran" is ready.

The basic form of origami "Square" for children from 6-7 years old

1. Place a square of paper in front of you, colored side down. Fold the square in half, connecting the top and bottom sides. Let's fix it back. Now fold and open in the same way, but connecting the sides.
2. Turn the shape over so that the square is the colored side up. Fold diagonally and straighten.
3. We have outlined all the necessary folding lines. Now the figure “itself” will fold along them, it only needs a little help.
The basic form of origami "Square" is ready
As with the basic Double Triangle shape, there is an alternative way to fold. We give only a diagram for it. Try both methods and decide for yourself which one you like better.
Scheme of folding the basic form of origami "Square". Correctly "read" the diagram will help you tables of conventional signs adopted in origami.

The basic form of origami "Bird" for children 10-12 years old

The base shape "Bird" is formed on the basis of the Basic shape "Square" (see above).
Fold the basic shape "Square". Place the model in front of you so that the side that "opens" looks up.
Fold the sides towards the center. Fold only the top layers of paper.
Return the paper to its original position. Now take one layer of paper by the top corner and pull it down, while folding the figure along the lines outlined in the previous step.
Turn the figure over and repeat the operation on the other side.
The basic form of origami "Bird"

The general scheme of folding the basic form of origami "Bird"

). Today we will tell you what are the main basic origami shapes.

At the heart of any scheme origami, simple or complex, there are certain initial forms, a kind of blanks, from which the folding of the figures begins. Knowing the basic shapes, you can come up with an origami figure yourself, which will become a work of art.

Knowing the basics is also necessary in order not to overload the diagrams (especially with complex figures) with additional steps of the same type.

Any origami figure consists of square sheets of a certain size (choose the size at your discretion, unless otherwise indicated in the diagram). All basic forms at the initial stage are formed in the same way. From a triangle, such basic shapes as a double “triangle”, “pancake”, “fish”, “kite” are obtained. A double square, a “bird” and a “frog” are made from a square. From rectangular shape"book" becomes "house", "door" and "catamaran".

Simple basic origami triangle and double triangle shapes

"Triangle" is the easiest shape to add. The square sheet is folded diagonally. To do this, arrange the square in a diamond shape and lower the top corner, aligning it with the bottom corner. You can bend it both with a “mountain” and a “valley” (carefully study the diagrams). You should end up with an isosceles triangle.

"Double triangle" - has two triangular planes and is made from a simple basic triangle shape. Bend (i.e., bend, then unbend) a square sheet along two diagonals and turn over. Then, combining the top and bottom sides, fold the square in half. Pressing in the middle of the square, bend the side triangles inward. Swap the triangles by flipping the shape. The double triangle can also be done in reverse. First, bend the square in half, turn it over to the other side, and then bend it diagonally. It remains to fold the sides inward and down.

The basic form of origami "pancake"

Basic form of origami - pancake

Fold the square sheet in half along two diagonals. Bend each corner in turn towards the center so that they touch.

The basic form of origami "kite"

Basic origami shapes - kite

Having placed a square sheet of paper in a rhombus, outline a line by bending and straightening it diagonally in a “valley” (fold-inflection). It remains to fold the sides from the top of the corner to the diagonal line.

Basic shape "fish"

The basic form of origami is a fish

This form is made from the base form "". First, fold the square along two diagonals. Then fold the top sides over to the center fold line. Do the same with the lower part, using the kite shape in both cases. Pinch the side corners by folding them in half diagonally. Bend the corners up, thereby closing the figure along the lines of the rhombus away from you. Lift the bottom corner up and flip the shape over.

Basic shape "frog"

The basic form of origami is a frog

The basic form of origami_frog fig.2

It is made from the basic figure "double triangle". Bend one of the corners, aligning the bottom side with the fold line. Bend the corner again, now aligning the side with the fold line. You will get a pocket that needs to be opened and flattened. Aligning the lower sides with the fold line, fold the middle part. Raise the bottom corner along the marked lines. All these actions must be done with each corner. Then fold the raised corners down in each plane and flip over. Raise the corners in four planes. As you already understood, all of the above basic shapes come from a simple "triangle" basic shape. Let's take a look at basic square-based shapes.

A simple basic "square" shape

The basic shape of origami is a square

Fold a square sheet of paper diagonally to make a triangle, which must be folded "valley" to the right. Then bend the upper corner with a “mountain” to the left. Turn over and repeat the procedure, i.e. first make a valley fold, then a mountain fold.

Basic shape "double square"

The basic form of origami is a double square

Bend a square sheet of paper diagonally, combining opposite corners. Turn the sheet over and fold the square in half twice, matching opposite sides. Then fold the paper along the marked lines in the direction of the folds. To do this, bend the side squares inward, folding them in half and lowering the upper part down away from you. You will get two visible square planes.

Basic shape "bird"

The basic form of origami is a bird

Perform the basic form of "double square". Then fold the product, lowering the sides from the drop-down corner to the fold line. Bend the side parts of the product inward. Bend the closed "blind" corner and repeat the same on the other side. It remains to raise the lower corners up.

Simple basic shapes "book" and "door"

Basic origami shapes - book and door

"Book" - bend a square sheet of paper in half, aligning the sides.

“Door” - in order to divide a square sheet of paper into two equal parts and determine the center, fold it in half (a simple basic “book” shape). Wrap the sides in turn to the fold line.

Basic shape "house"

Basic origami shape - house

Fold a square piece of paper into a "book" shape. Aligning the short sides, fold the resulting rectangle in half. Bend the sides (“door”) to the intended midline. Then you need to open and flatten the side pockets on both sides.

Basic form "catamaran"

The basic form of origami is a catamaran

Fold the base "door" shape. Then flip it over and fold it in half. The next step is to fold the bottom. Combining the upper sides with the sides that rise from the middle, it is necessary to open and flatten the resulting pockets. Pull the bottom corners out to the sides. Turn over and fold the product, aligning the bottom and top sides. Having opened the pockets, we get a kind of double (or catamaran).

Methodological material for the lesson

Epigraph

For a long time I look with loving eyes
On the ancient art - origami.
Wizards and magicians are not needed here,
There is nothing to be especially wise here,
And you need to take a piece of paper
And try to put something together!”
(Kiseleva N.D.) Origami (jap. - folded paper) - a type of arts and crafts; ancient art of folding
paper figurines. The art of origami with its roots
goes to ancient China, where paper was invented.
But for the most part, this art developed in Japan.
Classic origami prescribes the use
one sheet of paper without the use of glue and scissors.
There is a certain set of symbols
needed to draw the diagram.
folding even the most complex product. Bigger
part of the conventional signs was put into practice in
middle of the XX century by the famous Japanese master Akira
Yoshizawa.

1. Shape "Triangle"

1. Arrange the square "diamond".
Raise the bottom corner, aligning
it with the top angle.
2. The resulting workpiece has a shape
isosceles rectangular
triangle.
When folding the figures, the base
triangle shape can
be located differently. Habitual
position - when the downside
the largest, that is, the base
isosceles triangle.
The triangle can also be
placed at a right angle down. Such
not quite the usual position gave
another name for this basic form is
"scarf".

2. Form "Kite"

1. Position the square
"rhombus". Bend it over
diagonals.
2. Lower the top sides from
top corner vertices to the line
inflection.
3. The basic form is valid
resembles a kite. But
today she has acquired and
other name -
"ice cream". Turn
basic right angle shape
up and you will see "sugar
tube."

3. Form "Door"

1. Bend the square,
combining opposite
sides.
2. Lower the sides to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is similar to
elevator doors or
double wardrobe,
that's why they call her
"door" (preferred)
or "cupboard".

4. Form "Pancake"

1. Fold the square in half along
diagonals, outlining the center
square at the intersection
kink lines.
2. Lower all corners in turn
to the center of the square.
3. The basic form of "pancake"
is square and
doesn't look round at all
damn it, it looks more like
envelope (letter).

5. Form "Double House"

1. Position the square
"window". Bend the square
in half, combining
opposite sides.
2. Fold the rectangle
in half, combining short
sides.
3. Bend the sides,
lowering the short sides to
inflection lines.
4. Open and flatten
"pocket".
5. Open and flatten the second
"pocket".
6. The basic form consists of two
houses.

6. Shape "Double Triangle"

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape.
Another name - "water bomb" - came from a figurine from this
base form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible
triangular planes. A closed ("blind") corner formed in the center
original square.
1. Bend the square diagonally.
Flip.
2. Fold in half, matching
top and bottom sides.
3. Press down on the center of the square.
Concave side triangles,
folding them in half. Wherein
the top of the square will bend to
the other side.
4. Flip the figurine by changing
corners in places.
5. Basic form "double
triangle".

7. Form "Double square"

This basic shape has two visible
square planes, non-expanding ("deaf")
corner formed at the center of the initial shape
(square), and a drop-down corner located
opposite the "deaf" and formed at the expense of corners
square.
1. Fold the square twice
in half, combining
opposite sides.
Flip.
2. Fold diagonally.
3. Concave the side squares,
folding them in half and
dropping the top down
myself.
4. Basic form "double
square".

8. Shape "Fish"

The base form is folded
based on base form
"kite".
1. Flip the base shape
"kite".
2. Bend, matching the tops
bottom and top corners.
Turn.
3. Pull out the corner of the "pocket"
up.
4. Pull out the corner of the other
"pocket".

Shape "Fish" (continued)

1. Received workpiece -
short version of the basic
fish shape -
turns into a long
option. Pick up one
bottom corner.
2. Turn over.
3. The basic form of "fish".

9. Form "Catamaran"

1. Fold the base shape
"door". Flip.
2. Bend the part in half.
3. Bend the bottom.
4. Open the "pockets" and
flatten them together
upper sides with
parties raised
from the middle, and pulling
lower corners to the sides.

Form "Catamaran" (continued)

1. It turns out a boat.
Flip.
2. Fold, combining
bottom and top sides.
3. Open "pockets",
getting a second boat.
4. Basic form in the form
double boat -
"catamaran".

10. Shape "Bird"

The basic form of the "bird" is formed on the basis of
basic form "double square".
1. Fold the sides away
opening angle to
inflection lines.
2. Bend the "blind" corner.
3. Unfold the corners.
4. Lift up the bottom
part, capturing one layer
paper and holding
"blind" corner.
5. With this side parts
will be in the center.

Bird shape (continued)

1. Half of the basic form
"bird" is ready. Flip.
2. Bend the "deaf" and side
corners.
3. Open the "pocket" by pulling
bottom up.
4. The basic shape of the "bird" has
"blind" corner, two wing corners and
two corner legs. Basic form
received this name because
it can be combined into various
bird models.
The base form "bird" has two
types: long and short.
The short version is obtained if
lower the top corners-wings.

Making basic shapes on a sheet of cardboard

Variants of technological maps of products (step-by-step execution)

Wonderful origami crafts

Contact Information

Soroka Natalya Pavlovna,
teacher MDK.02.04
"Workshop on HOM"
SPb GBPOU "Pedagogical
college number 8"
Email:
Good luck in your work!

Basic forms.

Most origami figures have basic folding shapes in their schemes. Basic form - the initial form, which is used in further preparation. Basic shapes can be different - square, rectangular, triangular and even round. In this chapter, we will consider each basic form separately.

Basic shape "Square".

Take an equilateral (square) piece of paper. This sheet is folded diagonally. The resulting triangle is bent "valley" to the right. After that, the upper corner of the workpiece is folded to the left with a “mountain” fold, and the workpiece is turned over. Then the "valley" fold is made again, and the "mountain" fold is made again. The result is a basic "square" shape.

The basic form is "double square".

An equilateral sheet of paper is folded diagonally over itself. The sheet unfolds. Folding is repeated on the other side. The result is two marked diagonals. The sheet unfolds again. It folds horizontally in a “mountain” and unbends again. The operation is repeated vertically. As a result, part of the folds bends the sheet down, the other part - up. Then the sheet must be bent along the marked lines in the direction where the folds are directed.

Basic book shape.

The simplest form. A square sheet of paper is folded in half.

The basic form is "door".

This form is done in stages. Mark the middle line in the center of the sheet (the sheet folds in half). This line divided the sheet into two equal parts. Each of the parts alternately folds towards the middle.

Basic form "house".

The square is folded in half twice, the sheet is straightened after each time. Then the sides fold to the middle line, which has been outlined. The top layers of paper are opened to the right and left and flattened.

Basic triangle shape.

It is also one of the simplest forms. An equilateral sheet of paper is folded diagonally.

The basic form is "pancake".

Diagonal lines are drawn through the center of an equilateral sheet from its corners. Then each corner is folded towards the center of the sheet, touching the nose with the other three.

The basic form of "kite".

The form is completed in three steps. First you need to outline a line, for this the square is folded diagonally with a “valley” fold. Then the resulting shape in the form of a triangle is straightened. After that, the sides of the square must be folded to the diagonal line.

Basic bomb shape.

This shape is also called a "water bomb". Fold the square sheet in half (to the right "mountain"). Then it folds again, but already to the left "valley". After that, you need to pull a part of the left corner of the resulting workpiece to the right and flatten it. After that, the workpiece must be turned over and the “valley” fold should be made. Then the new top layer of paper must be pulled to the right and also flattened (crumpled).

The basic form is "fish".

You should perform the basic form of "kite". After that, straighten the resulting shape and do the same basic shape on the other side of the sheet. After the sheet is marked (all lines are clearly visible), you need to fold the sheet in half, unbend it and fold the products along the lines.

The basic form of "catamaran".

This is a rather difficult shape, as it does not tolerate bad lines. To begin with, four lines should be outlined: two crosswise and two diagonally. Then you need to fold all the corners to the center and turn back. Now the sides of the sheet need to be folded to the center. Then the top and bottom sides of the resulting rectangle must also be folded to the center. After that, each corner must be pulled out from the inside.

The basic form is "frog".

First you need to fold the basic shape of the "square". Then, alternately outline the lines on each side, for this, on each side, you need to turn the corner to the left towards the center and flatten it. The same is done on the other side of the workpiece.

Then the upper sides are laid to the middle, after which it is necessary to make the upper fold "valley". The same operation must now be repeated on the other side. After that, the workpiece is turned over, and the operation is repeated again.

The basic form is "bird".

The first stage of folding: create a basic "triangle" shape. After that, the triangle is folded “valley” to the right, and the top layer of the workpiece is bent to the left “mountain”. Now turn the workpiece over, bend it again with a “valley” to the right and a “mountain” to the left.

Then all the corners of the workpiece must be bent to the center. The corners are unbent, the workpiece is opened, bending its top layer towards itself. Now the workpiece should be turned over with the other side, again outline the folds, open them and bend the top layer towards you.

All basic forms and schemes for their folding are given in the Schemes section.

1952

21.10.15 06:50

Origami is the art of creating original figurines from sheets of paper. Born in Ancient China, the direction has become widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory included in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.

Over time, the technique became widespread and became publicly available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on the product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special signs that are used to draw up diagrams allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.

Products created using the origami technique have always been given an increased mystical meaning. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers passed notes to each other with the help of original elements. Today, handicrafts have retained their decorative significance, they are often used to decorate rooms or conduct certain rituals, such as tea ceremonies.

Origami Basics - Material Requirements

• The paper should not bend or break.
• You can use only such material that holds its shape and does not open, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
• The quality of a paper sheet can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is even, without small cracks going in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
• The color of the raw material should be even, not staining hands and neighboring parts.
• Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other accessories.
• If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figurine, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There may be several sheets, the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, foil can be used.

Types and forms of origami - description and features

• Classic. These are the basics of origami, involving the use of a single stained or blank sheet of paper.
• Origami for kids. Simplified variations on a classic theme designed to develop fine motor skills baby, logic, speed of thinking.
• Modular approach. Products are created from many details and parts, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
• Kusudama. A kind of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, each detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually it is a three-dimensional object of a spherical shape.
• Ordinary origami. Direction intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
• Sweep work. The most difficult kind of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items, you need to be well versed in complex drawings.
• Wet folding. Wet paper is used for work. Such figures do not have sharp folds, are soft and seem alive.