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How to make a real diamond at home. Algorithm of the diamond production process

Today we will talk about beauty - about diamonds. Let's see how they are processed, learn how to distinguish stones by various factors and talk a little about their prices. It turns out that Amsterdam has been considered the city of diamonds for more than 400 years. The quality of the stones cut here is impeccable, which is why the Amsterdam jewelry firms are widely known all over the world. One of them is the Gassan Diamonds factory, which I managed to visit and get to know the hardest minerals on Earth in more detail. 2 I'll tell you briefly about the process of their processing. Raw stone is usually in the shape of a double pyramid (upper left in the photo below). 3 In order to get a diamond from a raw diamond, it is necessary to carry out three stages of processing. First, the stone is sawn into two parts, one of which is larger, the other smaller (top row in the center in the photo above). It is sawn using a machine with a phosphor-bronze washer impregnated with olive oil and sprinkled with diamond powder. At the second stage, diamonds are given round shape. This is achieved in the process of rubbing the stones against each other. In order for the stone to sparkle with light, it is necessary to apply facets and polish it, which is done at the third stage of processing. Facets are applied using a cast-iron washer. 4 The grinder fixes the diamond on a special holder 5 and, in the process of pressing on the washer, applies the edges. By the way, the puck is also soaked in olive oil and sprinkled with diamond powder. It spins at a speed of about 3600 rpm. 6 The grinder starts with 9 edges (5 on the top side and 4 on the bottom). Then he increases the number of facets to 17. This shape is also used for very small diamonds. A total of 57 facets (33 on the top and 24 on the bottom) must be applied to achieve the diamond shape. 7 More than 70% of the weight of the stone is lost during the processing. 8 9 A few years ago, the factory developed new form Gassan 121. The name speaks for itself - the stone has 121 facets. 10 We figured out the processing. Now let's talk about the characteristics. Diamonds are distinguished by four factors, the so-called 4Cs: Carat Color Clarity Cut (weight, color, clarity, shape). 11 Let's go in order. Weight is measured in carats (1 carat = 0.2 grams), in circles of jewelers they use points (1 carat = 100 points). And, of course, the larger the diamond, the higher the price. Weight in itself is not a fundamental factor, the color of the stone is very important. Distinguish colors from white with a bluish tinge (River, River), rich white (Top Wesselton, Top Wesselton), white (Wesselton, Wesselton) to stones with a yellowish tint (Top Crystal, Top Crystal) to yellow (Crystal Cape Yellow, Crystal Cape Yellow). There are other colors that are called fantasy colors or fantasy colors. They are not graded. The most expensive and rarest is the River. The third factor is cleanliness. Since diamond is crystallized carbon, various inclusions can occur in the stone during crystallization, which ultimately greatly affects the price. Purity grade: Perfect, V.V.S. (very very small inclusions), V.S. (very small inclusions), S.I. 1 (small inclusions 1), S.I 2 (small inclusions 2), PIQUE 1, PIQUE 2, PIQUE 3. If pure V.V.S. With a magnifying glass it is difficult to detect inclusions, but with PIQUE 3 the inclusions are already visible to the naked eye. And finally, the form. Here you need to clearly understand for yourself that only a faceted round diamond is called a diamond. Stones of other shapes, and there are quite a lot of them, are already called by their own names: princess, pear, oval, marquis, heart, etc. So, a diamond is general concept, and a diamond is a form of diamond cut. 12 And now about the prices. 13 Diamond in 17 points of color top crystal and clarity of Pica 1 will cost about 250 euros. 14 If you put several of these stones in a setting, you will get a ring with a price of just over 1000 euros. 15 Radiant (4x coal stone with cut corners) at 104 points, that is, a little more than one carat, the color of fantasy yellow will already cost 15,000 euros. And a stone of one and a half carats, a princess (square shape) with the color of the River - 21,000 euros. 16 17 18 The factory has its own jewelry shop where you can buy jewelry for every taste. 19 20 21 That's how we visited the diamond factory. 22 Taken from

Diamond from scratch - with peanut butter

Understanding how diamonds form in the depths of the Earth could explain how life evolved on our planet. So the team from Germany tried to fake gems. Laboratory production of diamonds from carbon dioxide and peanut butter.

Dan Frost hears a thump and the floor of his office vibrates. This only means one thing: one of his experiments exploded again. As he makes his way down to the lab, he finds shock on the faces of his lab colleagues. From where they work, he felt a small bomb go off. Their students are still wide-eyed with fear. “That sounds terrible,” he says apologetically. "But it's not dangerous - everything is protected."

Explosion is part of their job. A scientist at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut in Germany is trying to simulate conditions in the Earth's lower mantle, thousands of miles below our feet. This includes crushing rocks at the highest pressures known to man.

No wonder failures happen. As part of this work, Frost found amazing ways to make diamonds—from carbon dioxide, for example. And peanut butter. Yes, peanut butter.

Compared to our vast achievements in space exploration, we still know very little about the world that lies beneath our feet. Primary geology tells us that the Earth's interior can be divided into coarse layers: the core, the lower and upper mantle, and the crust. But their exact composition is still a mystery - and this is a serious gap in our knowledge.

“If we want to understand how the Earth formed, then one of the things you need to know is what the planet is made of.”

Many geologists assume that the Earth is made of the same material as meteorites from the asteroid belt. The problem is that most meteorites that fall to earth have a higher proportion of silicon than we find in the earth's crust. So where does he go? One possibility is that it is stuck in the lower mantle.

Frost uses a powerful piston to extrude small samples of crystals at speeds up to 280,000 times atmospheric pressure, and ovens are prepared for them at the same time. This recreates the conditions in the upper layers of the lower mantle about 800 or 900 km below the Earth's surface, causing the atoms of the crystal to rearrange into denser structures.
The second anvil crushes the newly formed minerals - mimic the conditions that lie in the deeper layers of the Earth. While the sample is still in this device, it measures which sound waves pass through the resulting crystal. By comparing these readings of seismic waves passing through the interior of the Earth, he can find out if his sample is close in composition to the mantle.

Carbon Absorption and Surface Interactions

The mantle, it turns out, does not contain a high proportion of silicon, corresponding to the composition of meteorites. The earth originally had a much larger crust full of silicon. It may be necessary to reconsider the raw materials from which the Earth is made in the first place.

The intense pressure process also created the mineral ringwoodite, a dark blue magnesium iron silicate that . The results obtained indicate that the Earth's "oceans" may be hidden in the depths of the mantle.

Counter-intuitively talk about the air we breathe. Frost suspects that a series of geological processes may be pulling CO2 from the ocean down into the mantle, where it is converted into diamonds. These gems are less volatile than other forms of carbon. This means they are unlikely to be released back into the atmosphere.

With diamonds, the mantle has slowed the warming of the Earth, potentially helping the evolution of life.

The key ingredient for this to happen, he says, is iron. It is precisely because Dan Frost recreated the process of forging a diamond out of thin air that he dares to claim it.

growth has not grown rich from its harvest; Diamonds take a painfully long time to grow. “If we wanted to get a 2 or 3 mm diamond, we would have to leave it in the reactor for a few weeks,” he says.

This did not stop him from experimenting with other sources to produce the diamond, however; at the behest of a German TV channel, he created some diamonds from carbon-rich peanut butter. "A lot of hydrogen was released, destroying the experiment," he says.

Will his institute be able to make artificial diamonds with different properties? Boron-doped diamonds are becoming the best semiconductors for electronics.

Using other structures of carbon as raw materials - in the form of tiny "nanotubes", for example - could make a new type of super-strong diamond more complex than any other known material.

For the most part, however, Frost is interested in further mysteries of Earth's history. “I'm interested in how the interior of the Earth interacts with the surface; what is the age of the earth. And if we are looking for other habitable planets, we must consider many arcane processes." Vital important work, of course, requires sacrifice - a little peanut butter and strange

Once, in one of my articles, I said that the time would come and I would talk about how to grow natural diamonds at home.
Skeptics can laugh, continue to lie on the couch and say that this is not possible, because it is never possible. You need a huge temperature, thousands of atmospheres of pressure, and so on and so forth.
For a long time I doubted whether it was worth dedicating anyone to this discovery of mine. Today I decided to do it. I completed many years of experiments on growing microscopic natural diamonds, and now every schoolchild can do it, starting from the fifth or sixth grade. At home, I practically repeated the natural process of diamond formation. It turned out very simply, like everything ingenious. But, it took me several years of thinking and experimenting with kimberlite, graphite, coal and charcoal, etc. I am currently working on how to "make" these small crystals grow much faster and to any size - down to a hen's egg.
And so I say:
What will you need for the diamond growing process?
1. A heat-resistant chemical flask or a glass with a volume of two or three liters (up to 10 liters is possible). They are sold via the Internet.
2. The second flask is smaller (one liter is possible).
3. Paper filters (can be coffee)
4. Mortar and pestle.
5. Microscope or binocular.
6. Charcoal for barbecues.
7. Seed. (Small natural diamond crystal)
And EVERYTHING!
What is the whole point of my discovery? The fact that for the growth of diamonds you need a SUPERSATURATED WATER SOLUTION OF CARBON. Scientists tell us that deep underground (400-600 km.) There are huge reserves of water (whole oceans) and, of course, have a high temperature. The only thing I can add to this is that these oceans are supersaturated with carbon and when a "leak" occurs, the streams of this solution rush upwards, cool in the upper layers of the earth, forming air bubbles that turn into diamond crystals for some time. Initially, crystals have a round (spherical) and indefinite shape, and only then, for a long time, faces form (grow).
So. We begin the process of growing microscopic diamonds up to one millimeter in size.
Grind charcoal for barbecue in a mortar. It is not necessary to grind into dust, 3-5 mm is enough.
We fall asleep with this coal our large flask to half. We don’t pour a lot of water, because if you pour a lot of coal at once or pour a lot of water at once, everything will come out when it boils. Just when the coal boils for a while and gets wet, add more water. The water should be very clean, preferably distilled or protium (I only use protium). We put it on the stove and begin to boil over low heat for several days (you can turn off the stove at night). As it evaporates, we add water again. That is, we evaporate the solution and saturate it with carbon atoms.
When our solution is saturated with carbon, let it evaporate by two-thirds, turn off the oven and strain the entire solution into a glass jar through a double-triple filter. Then insert a clean funnel into the smaller flask and strain the solution again through fresh filters. It will have a slightly yellowish tint. Pour water into a large flask with coal again and evaporate again. And put a small flask on another burner and also start to evaporate (but not completely). When in a large flask again the water has evaporated by two-thirds, repeat everything again. So you need to drive coal several times, and simultaneously evaporate the resulting solution in a small flask. After a couple of weeks, you will have a very concentrated aqueous carbon solution. Now comes the final and very crucial moment. In a small flask, you already have a solution of a clearly delicate yellow color. Take a glass jar, pour the solution into it, lower the diamond crystal that you want to grow to a larger volume and put this jar somewhere on the battery (this is to make the growth process go three to four times faster). And from time to time pour fresh carbon solution into the jar. After some time, a brown-beige slurry will form at your bottom - this is carbon, do not pour it out in any case, in this slurry the crystal grows much faster. The process of naturally growing diamond crystals is very long. For example: a diamond weighing 0.01 carats I increased in weight to 0.02 carats in just a year. Accordingly, the larger the "seed" crystal, the faster it will grow.
... Once, my friend, having learned about the purpose of my experiments, remarked: - "If serious people find out what you are doing, they will simply kill you. If your work turns out to be true and you succeed in actually growing diamonds, then others will start to do same thing. You will bring down the entire global diamond market." I then thought about his words and fell silent for several years. Today I told everyone about my discovery. Now they won't kill me for sure... because it's too late. Did you smile?
And now friends, you can get to work and repeat everything that I do.
Good luck, health and success to everyone!

Dear readers! It's only been a few hours since I posted this article on two forums and on this site. During this time, I received about two dozen letters in the mail (mostly from forums). Many reacted very negatively to this article. Having tried nothing, without repeating this work (experiment), because it is simply impossible in terms of time, they hastened to accuse me of the most "grave sins" - lack of education, amateurism, and so on and so forth. I know this "scientific" audience very well. Basically, these are people - the so-called geologists who, after graduation, worked in the field for two or three seasons and quietly, as a rule, for family reasons, went somewhere to a laboratory, institute or teaching position to read the same heresy and nonsense that they "ate" themselves for five years while studying at the same university. I worked for about thirty years in the field. Of these, twenty years in Canada and Alaska. I walked, crawled and drove tens of thousands of kilometers, shoveled hundreds of tons of soil, and I had hundreds of nights and thousands of hours of loneliness near the night fire to think. People who, without even trying to do what I did, and who immediately begin to deny everything, are losers, losers, completely random "objects" in geology. I calmly answer everyone - repeat what I did (it's so simple) and go ahead, go further than me.
The second most frequently asked question is what am I working on right now? I have already said that I am currently working on the unlimited diamond growth process. I also started working with powdered graphite in the same way. And thirdly, with coal in the same way, because graphite and coal is the same carbon as charcoal, only in a different form. There is also oil.

I finished the experiment with coal in the same way as with charcoal.
He poured two kilograms of crushed coal into a four-liter heat-resistant flask, poured protium water almost to the top and boiled over low heat for several days. Then filtered twice and got one liter of solution in the balance. Unlike charcoal, the solution turned out to be completely transparent. Then, in a liter flask, this liter of solution was evaporated to 50-70 ml. "Driven" this coal 15 times in two weeks. That is, in two weeks he evaporated approximately 15 liters of carbon solution to a total volume of 200 ml. (With repeated evaporation, the solution, nevertheless, acquires a yellow color). Left this solution in a dark room for 10 days. Today I studied the result of the experiment. What happened? The entire surface of the carbon solution turned out to be covered with completely transparent plates and tiny diamond crystals (some crystals with faces). The lower part of the solution is saturated with the "slurry" of the plates. When the solution is agitated, all the plates in the solution begin to play with diamond brilliance. But, at the very bottom of the solution after careful washing, found in in large numbers light brown microscopic grains (sometimes elongated by a chain), which I can’t determine, maybe it’s some kind of organic matter. Also, two fragments of coal, 1 by 3 mm in size, somehow ended up in the solution. (most likely - negligence when filtering). On each of the two fragments in the adhering state, there were several diamond crystals with clearly defined edges.
I think that the experiment was a complete success. The result was higher than in experiments with charcoal.
The experiment with coal, as well as with charcoal, fully confirmed my theory of the formation of diamonds and the possibility of their artificial cultivation, both in the laboratory and at home.
25.07.2018

Reviews

There is always such an attitude towards pioneers in science. Especially aggressive are those mediocrity that consider themselves scientists. You see, it seems to them that someone maliciously encroaches on the authority of science and their own authority. But let's not talk about sad things.

The Kola ultra-deep well (12 km) would have made it possible to make many discoveries if academic geologists had not immediately tried to forget everything that she gave out "on the mountain". In particular, it was found that at great depths it is completely superheated (200 degrees C) and highly mineralized water, which is due to the enormous pressure (1000 atm.) in a liquid state. Naturally, such water is an excellent solvent and transporter of chemical elements. Various crystals grow in supersaturated solutions. This we know. However, the process of their formation can only be explained at the atomic level. There is a "seed" in your experiments. Moreover, the larger it is, the faster the process of its growth goes. Why is that? It seems that crystals are formed by synchronous atoms. In other words, crystallization is what synchronization is. The more synchronous atoms, the greater the sum of their synchronous gravimagnetic moments. As a former electronics engineer, I even know this for sure using quartz as an example. By the way, the role of catalysts for chemical reactions can also be reduced precisely to the synchronization of the atoms of the reactants.

I have a practical question for you: have you tried to use ultrasound, mechanical vibration and high-frequency currents to accelerate the crystallization of carbon? You see, in a supersaturated solution, I think there must be a forced mobility of carbon atoms, always striving to occupy an equidistant and neutral position in a solution at rest. Yellow transparent solution just this explains (explained by Archimedes).
With great respect and best wishes,
Victor.

cultivation artificial stones is a task that teams of scientists have been struggling with for many years. "Craftsmen" have also been wondering for a long time how to grow a diamond at home. Some even found ways to get it.

Creation of artificial diamonds

In nature, diamond is formed under the influence of high temperatures (more than 1600 ° C) and high pressure (60-100 thousand atmospheres). Under natural conditions, the formation of diamonds takes hundreds of thousands or even millions of years. Synthetic diamonds, which in their physical characteristics are fully consistent with natural ones, can be grown in a few months. To do this, it is necessary to recreate the natural conditions of their formation.

At home, create an apparatus that supports so much high temperature and the right pressure, so far no one has succeeded. But some "masters" share tips on how you can still do it. For example, it is advised to take a thick-walled pipe, graphite and TNT. Then put TNT and graphite into a pipe and weld it. It is alleged that if you blow up TNT, and then manage to find the remains of the pipe, then you will find tiny diamonds in them. In practice, the chance of crippling yourself is hundreds of times higher than the chance of getting a diamond in this way.

Other "craftsmen" offer a safer method for creating diamonds. All you need is a pencil, wire, water (liquid nitrogen is better) and a high voltage source (for example, a welding machine). Remove the lead from the pencil and tie a wire to both ends. Place the lead with the wire in a container of water and freeze (or use liquid nitrogen for this purpose). Remove the lead from the freezer, connect the wires to the welding machine. It is believed that as soon as you pass a strong current through your design, the lead will almost instantly turn into a diamond. Of course, this method can be tested for experimental purposes, but you should not seriously count on getting an artificial diamond.

Creation of artificial gems

Unlike diamonds, many other gemstones can be grown at home. To do this, you need to make or buy a Verneuil apparatus and stock up on reagents. To create an artificial ruby, for example, a salt of aluminum dioxide, which has a slight admixture of chromium oxide, is useful. Place it in the burner's storage and melt it, watching how a "ruby" will grow right before your eyes in a few hours. Using different salts as reagents, you can get other types of gems.

Growing crystals

If you consider the possibility of growing stones as an interesting experience, and not as a way to enrich yourself, then you can go the other way and grow not stones, but multi-colored crystals from salt, sugar or copper sulfate.

To grow salt crystals, make a saturated solution by adding salt to a glass of warm distilled water until it no longer dissolves. To obtain multi-colored crystals, water can be tinted with food coloring. After that, hang a small crystal of salt on a string above the glass so that it is completely immersed in the solution. In a few days the crystal will grow. Copper sulphate crystals are grown in the same way.

How many things can be made from paper. Thousands of figurines and interesting crafts are open before us. Today we have to learn something new, and we will try to make a three-dimensional paper diamond. very unusual and interesting craft, but it will not be very easy to make it, so we gain patience and strength.

How to make a paper diamond with your own hands?

To create a diamond out of paper, you will need a layout of it, because without it, few people can draw something like that. So here is our layout:

1. Download and print our template. It is better to make it on colored, thick paper, then it will turn out more beautiful. Cut it out from a piece of paper.

2. Take a needle and draw it along all the dotted lines.

3. The next step is to prepare the folds, for this we use a ruler. This is necessary so that in the future our diamond can be folded more easily.

4. Now we can start gluing. We attach each face, step by step, with glue until we get a full-fledged diamond.