What drives a person to revenge? composition. Composition "What pushes a person to treason?" Middle age crisis

Here, on the one hand, this is a simple question, but, on the other hand, it is a complex one ... It happens that a person himself cannot figure out the reasons for his actions.

But I understand that main reason is resentment. Such a nasty unpleasant feeling, which often just does not cry out ... I want, that's it, to take revenge!

And, of course, a sense of justice. So you feel like this is unfair. This is where I want to put things in order. Sometimes you need to directly punish the offender! Let there be an example for others!

Sometimes it's a feeling of wounded pride. That is, it is unpleasant that you were not invited somewhere. In the wrong place, in your opinion, they were seated at the table ... Many reasons! But it all comes down to ego, to our ideas of self-importance.

They say that offenders need to be forgiven, that it’s bad to hold a grudge in yourself. So, maybe sometimes it's better to take revenge right away? And it's easier on the soul. But then you will definitely do something bad. And if you harbor a grudge, and more than one, then it will gnaw at you from the inside. You keep coming back to this topic, remembering an unpleasant moment. You think what could be done… You think over plans! That is, you are fixated on the negative (what happened and what you are going to do). But it is clear that forgiveness is not so easy.

Many people can neither sleep nor eat because of resentment, a sense of injustice. So they decide to take revenge. But it is clear that nothing can be corrected already, that no one can be returned by this revenge.

It is said that revenge is in human nature, as are mistakes. But we are trying not to make mistakes, so we need to try, in my opinion, not to take revenge.

Although I myself took revenge a couple of times. More precisely, he did it in retaliation. Only this happens either immediately, or very quickly. I can't remember bad things for long! Again, this may not be good for me. good quality. What feelings did I experience? Anger! And then more gloating and complacency. Here, they say, how cunning, brave I am ... Maybe there was nothing to be proud of ...

It used to be that a tooth for a tooth. But you won't save enough teeth! Then came the religion that speaks of forgiveness, mercy. But people are still taking revenge, films about revenge are being made.

Apparently, revenge and the feelings that push her are very natural. But we don't do everything that comes naturally! At least we can drive it into the borders. You can’t yell at the offender, so we go to hit the punching bag in the gym or meditate, but this is already more difficult. You need to control your grievances, your thoughts, feelings, then there will be fewer reasons for revenge.

The concept of betrayal is quite broad. You can change yourself, the Motherland, a loved one. There are reasons for every specific case. Of course, betrayal cannot be justified, but one can at least understand its reasons. Nothing in life just happens. Sometimes a person lacks love, support, then he betrays loved one. Disappointed in his state, he goes to treason to his homeland. In no way do I justify such actions, I'm just trying to figure out what pushes a person to cheat and how to avoid it in my life.

Almost all types of betrayal have been described in the literature: to a loved one, to the Motherland, to oneself. If we talk about betrayal in love, then L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". A woman married an old man, never loved him, cheated on him with another man and paid for it with her own life. Such a model is found not only in this particular work, but also in Ostrovsky's Thunderstorm.

Both women, and, lacked love and attention from their husbands. They both met young people, fell in love with no memory and committed a sin. The authors carry a very important idea: you can’t build strong marriage without feelings, because a sudden surging feeling can ruin lives. You can also say that these two women did not have clear life principles if they succumbed to the dictates of the heart.

For example, from the novel "Eugene Onegin" she also loved the main character, but she had to marry another person. But the woman did not dare to commit adultery, because she could not betray her moral ideals. My point of view on this is very difficult question like this: only a weak-minded person can allow betrayal.

Treason to the motherland is a fairly common situation in literature. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is shown as a real traitor. He is despised because he betrayed not only the Motherland, but also his beloved girl. He grovels before the enemy, so as not to die and not to fight. I think that fear is the main reason for his behavior. He is afraid of difficulties, afraid to die for the Motherland and has no honor, unlike Pyotr Grinev.

Cheating is a very difficult situation that affects others quite a lot. People should be faithful to each other, it is better to immediately confess their intentions than to brazenly betray the one who believes you.

Incredible Facts

What makes a person end another person's life? Is there a special type of people "born to kill", or is this potential inherent in each of us? Does this behavior depend on the situation and scenario? Or maybe we are all born killers who suppress our essence, or do we have to break all social and psychological barriers in order to be able to take the life of another person?

These are the questions that mankind has been trying to answer for many centuries. Exist Various types killers. There are mentally unstable killers who show psychopathic and sociopathic deviations. These people appear to have a "limited resistance" to killing. There are killers and assassins who kill for profit or to maintain their status in the group. There are those who kill in self-defense. There are soldiers whose job it is to kill the enemy in combat.

However, do they have anything in common? Or does each type have its own characteristics? There is a lot of controversy regarding this. A soldier will probably object to being placed in the same category as a serial killer. However, delving into the question, how does a soldier who purposefully kills a person, albeit an enemy, differ from one who also consciously kills a person, but does it from other motives?

These are questions that are very difficult to answer. In fact, there are no clear answers to them, however, scientists, psychologists and neuroscientists have proposed several hypotheses about why we kill and what pushes us to do it. We will break the proposed arguments into two categories: nature (genetics) and nurture. Genetics argue that we all have the ability to kill because we evolved that way.

Evolutionary psychology

There is a somewhat controversial approach in psychology that says that some of our behavior is deeply embedded in us. According to this theory, people evolved with certain behavioral traits that they passed on to the next generations. Over time, these behaviors change. This approach is part of evolutionary psychology.

Unfortunately, even among supporters of evolutionary psychology there is no consensus. According to David Sloan Wilson, one of the reasons for the development of such disputes lies in the previously popular theory of Led Cosmides (Led Cosmides) and John Tooby (John Tooby). Wilson claims that their theory of evolutionary psychology is very narrow and misleading. Among the shortcomings of their theory, he notes the limitations of the evolutionary environment of adaptation, namely the range of conditions in which people lived during the evolutionary process. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that the human mind has developed many behaviors designed to solve certain problems that arise under certain conditions.

Wilson says that Cosmides and Tooby oversimplified the elements of human nature, dividing them into male and female principles. In addition, he is also critical of the scope of their theory, arguing that they did not take into account the differences between ethnic groups and the rapid evolution of the brain over a relatively short period of time. Wilson notes that there are many other approaches to explaining human behavior from an evolutionary perspective.

In the book Evolutionary Psychology and Violence by David Buss and Joshua Dunley, in the section on murder, the authors suggest that aggression is a trait that has been inherited by humans since the prehistoric era. People were forced to compete with each other for resources. Sometimes this competition led to violence. As a result, the people who survived developed a parallel "skill set". One set of skills helped a person to cope with aggression, the other - to cause more harm to the enemy.

According to this hypothesis, people have become more adept at both the ability to avoid aggression and the ability to cause harm. Moreover, the skills were passed down from generation to generation. Based on this theory, we can say that we are all capable of killing. Many supporters of evolutionary psychology do not deny that other equally important factors influence the development of a person as a killer. They recognize that the environment and circumstances play an important role. However, our essence is that, in fact, we are all murderers.

Critics of evolutionary psychology say that our consciousness is not as cruel as psychologists make it out to be. They point to how quickly our minds have evolved since prehistoric times - much faster than the popular exposition of evolutionary psychology "conveys". Critics also contend that humans are too complex to be analyzed in this way by evolutionary psychology.

However, what is the other side of the coin? What makes a person become a murderer?

If, nevertheless, we assume that not all of us are killers and refrain from this type of behavior due to the presence of social and psychological restrictions, then what actually "creates" a killer? According to the soldiers, this is a process that involves four strategies: cruelty, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and role model.

Cruelty ("brutality") is a process during which a person loses a sense of his own value as a person. Inside the military structures, this is a very regulated process. Recruits go through it hard, sometimes even having a sense of individuality knocked out of them in humiliating ways. This helps the military to reduce the resistance of most people when they are faced in practice with the concept of ending someone else's life.

In classical conditioning, the goal is to associate the desired behavior with a reward. Grossman says it is not often used in American military training because it seems morally reprehensible to link violence to rewards. In operant conditioning, soldiers are trained under artificially created conditions to develop an automatic response to certain stimuli. An example is shooting at targets in the form of a human body.

The role model for the military is the combat leader. It is his job to show and teach aggression while maintaining discipline. Thus, over time, soldiers begin to look at the combatant as a model of behavior. This combined approach, in theory, will create a soldier capable of killing the enemy in combat.

It is possible that killers who have never been soldiers, including serial killers, have similar experience to a military recruit. The main difference is that they did not acquire their experience in a controlled environment. The rationale behind the actions of many killers is cruelty. In some cases, the killers began to implement their plans for those who are weaker than them, thus demonstrating their strength and power.

Look at the features of serial killers and you will start to notice some common elements. Many people who eventually become serial killers suffered severe childhood trauma or were themselves victims of abuse. Of course, this is a strong oversimplification of the problem, however, there is no doubt that there is a strong correlation between a traumatic childhood and the corresponding behavior of a serial killer.

Many killers have a pronounced sense of alienation, and before moving on to action, they usually fantasize a lot about this topic. In some cases, the killer suffers from a mental disorder or from brain damage that either inhibits or completely deprives the person of the social and psychological constraints that keep normal people from such behavior.

Thus, regardless of the reason for becoming a person on this path, in any case, he needs a catalyst that pushes him to kill. Identifying and understanding the elements that can turn a person into a killer can help the world community prevent future tragedies.

Valiant law enforcement agencies daily, with the help of local media, inform the townspeople about the incidents of the past day. Every day, according to operational information, thefts occur (53 cases this weekend), fraud is recorded - 7, hooliganism, family quarrels, possession and sale of drugs, illegal handling of weapons, the police take statements of missing persons and accidents. However, a separate column is occupied by suicides, including children's and adolescence. This weekend, one person took his own life, on July 18 - there were two of them, and so on ... Readers shake their heads, horrified, and nothing changes from this. But what to do?...

Some condemn people who committed suicide, others regret and sympathize with the loved ones of the deceased, and still others try to understand the root of the problem. After all, suicidal tendencies do not appear out of nowhere. Someone believes that this is weakness and an escape from reality and problems, others - that this weakness requires a fair amount of courage and mental strength. The position of the church on this issue is known, unchanged and irreconcilable: suicide is one of the greatest sins. What is the opinion of psychologists?

For answers "Events and comments" turned to Antonina Shurbina, a practicing psychologist at the Youth-Friendly Clinic of the City Children's Polyclinic No. 4.

- Antonina Nikolaevna, tell us how suicidal tendencies arise?

A.Sh.:- The causes of suicide are not only emotional upheavals and traumatic events. Many different factors play a role in the development of suicidal tendencies, including a person's mental health and even genetic predisposition. Thus, among the reasons we can distinguish: genetic predisposition, mental disorders, alcohol and drug addiction, life circumstances. These can be problems in relationships in the family, the death of loved ones, phobias (fears), betrayal, love, deformities. And here it is impossible not to note the influence of computer games on the psyche.

- How can loved ones recognize “alarm bells” in a person’s behavior in time?

A.Sh.:- It is necessary to pay attention to increased anxiety, unmotivated fears, aggression, avoiding all kinds of contacts with people, insomnia, tearfulness, impaired appetite, apathy, the presence of suicidal thoughts.

A careful sudden bringing of all affairs in order, as if summing up, a certain line, should also alert. As well as fussy behavior, constant haste somewhere. According to statistics, 80 percent of people who commit suicide somehow let others know about their intention.

-Following this description hurts the whole generation. We are all in a hurry to live, and we don’t have time to go anywhere, completely forgetting not only about God’s commandments, but also about the elementary logic, so beautifully folded in the works of the eastern sages ... And, therefore, a fairly significant part of the blame lies on the shoulders of us, the survivors , so inattentive to those who left ... So what to do if suddenly such "calls" showed up? How can I help you? How to save?

A.Sh.:- Even an ordinary conversation, an attempt to improve relationships, if there was a crack in them, can save from this step, the “point of no return”. Everyone is able to help their loved ones overcome internal discord, despair, change their attitude towards themselves. It is worth showing as much attention as possible to such a person. Perhaps this is what he lacks. Of course, you need to contact competent specialists.

What kind of people are most suicidal?

A.Sh.:- People who are very sensitive (sensitive) and vulnerable are prone to suicide, because they perceive too subtly the world. Suicide is committed in moments of weakness, powerlessness and inability to overcome the conditions of perception of the surrounding world: no goal, no money, strong resentment. The mind simply does not work when the psyche and feelings are bare. They always say: “Calm down, think! A calm mind knows how to think calmly, but an excited and wounded one does not even hear itself…”.

In any difficult situation, you need to stop and try to get out of a stressful state, into a stress-free space, find a soul mate, talk. You need to calm down and balance the psyche. Then there is a way out of even a seemingly impasse.

- Can a person cope with this condition on his own or can not do without outside help?

A.Shch.: - Where there is light, there is no place for darkness. Where there are thoughts of goodness, there are no obsessive thoughts. And suicide is indeed the most serious sin. If such thoughts appear, you need to remember your loved ones. Try to spend more time with cheerful people who love and appreciate life. Do not drink alcohol or keep it to a minimum. And, of course, you need to contact a specialist who will help overcome such situations.

- We are talking about people who have relatives or friends. About those who have someone to help. But what about lonely people? Can we, on the basis of altruistic motives, recognize such a person in the crowd and help him (her)?

A.Sh.:- It is impossible to recognize a person prone to suicide in a crowd. He can behave outwardly absolutely adequately ...

- What services deal with such cases? What specific measures are being taken?

A.Shch.: - The most effective mechanisms are "hot lines", a helpline, psychologists and psychiatrists, work with children in schools, for believers - a temple, and most importantly - love, attention, understanding and care of parents, if we are talking about children. The main thing is not to be alone and not to leave alone our loved ones who are in trouble.

Interviewed by Angelina Krikheli