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How to transport children in different modes of transport? Rules and requirements for transporting children in a car according to traffic rules Child seat car traffic police rules are new.

According to the rules traffic(SDA), as amended from July 01, 2017, the transportation of children is allowed provided that their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle (clause 22.9 of the SDA).

New rules for transporting children

With the introduction of changes to the Rules of the Road, the requirements for transporting children in child seats have changed.

From 01 July 2017 transportation of children under 7 years old in vehicles equipped with seat belts, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child.

Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a passenger car and truck cab, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car car - only with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.

It is forbidden to transport children under 12 years of age in the back seat of a motorcycle.

Conclusion. Thus, under the new legislation, children under 7 years old must be transported exclusively in child car seats, and children over 7 years old can be transported in the back seat of a car without car seats, using other means that allow them to be fastened with regular seat belts.

This innovation is primarily due to the abandonment of the use of corrector-adapters for seat belt straps. Thus, studies conducted at NAMI have established that such adapters during an accident can cause more serious injuries to a child than their absence.

For reference. Previously (until July 01, 2017), the SDA provided that a child under 12 years old could be transported in a car using car seat, and with the use of other means that allow you to fasten the child with the help of seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle.

Prohibition of leaving children in the car

According to the new rules, it is forbidden to leave a child under the age of 7 in a vehicle while it is parked in the absence of an adult.

Responsibility for leaving children in a car without adult supervision is provided for in Part 1 of Art. 12.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (violation of the rules for stopping or parking vehicles) and is punishable by a fine of 500 rubles.

Children in the car are passengers, they are among the most vulnerable road users, in relation to which drivers should exercise extra caution. In order to ensure their safety, drivers are required to comply with the Rules establishing the requirements for the carriage of children in vehicles equipped with seat belts, their transportation must be carried out using child restraints or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle.

Penalty for transporting children without child car seats

For non-compliance with such a requirement in 2019, administrative liability is provided for under Part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of 3,000 rubles; for officials - 25,000 rubles; for legal entities - 100,000 rubles.

Conclusion. The fine for violation of transportation of children is 3,000 rubles. Please note that the fine under Part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation can be paid at a discount of 50%, that is, pay not 3 thousand rubles, but 1,500 rubles.

You can read about the rules for issuing a traffic police decision in case of violation of traffic rules by the driver in the article at the link.

Requirements for child car seats according to GOST

The fact that children should be transported in car seats is enshrined in the traffic rules, but the question arises - what should these seats be like in order to ensure safety when transporting a child and whether boosters, scarves on a belt, FEST adapters, etc. can be used.

Requirements for child car seats that are approved for use when transporting a child (during transportation in which there is no administrative responsibility) are established in GOST R 41.44-2005 (UNECE Regulation N 44). "National standard Russian Federation. Uniform regulations regarding restraints for children in motor vehicles "(approved and put into effect by the Order of Rostekhregulirovanie dated December 20, 2005 N 318-st).

In accordance with GOST R 41.44-2005 child restraint system(restraint) (child restraint systems) is a set of elements consisting of straps or flexible elements with buckles, adjusting devices, fasteners and, in some cases, an additional device (for example, a cradle, a removable child seat, an additional seat and / or impact shield) that can be attached to the inside of the vehicle body. The device must be designed in such a way that in the event of a collision or sudden braking of the vehicle, the risk of injury to the child in the restraint is reduced by limiting the mobility of his body.

At the same time, child restraints are divided into five weight groups:

group 0 (group 0) - for children weighing less than 10 kg;
group 0+ (group 0+) - for children weighing less than 13 kg;
group I (group I) - for children weighing 9 - 18 kg;
group II (group II) - for children weighing 15 - 25 kg;
group III (group III) - for children weighing 22 - 36 kg.

GOST also established that child restraints can be of two designs:

whole(integral class) consisting of a set of webbing or flex elements with a buckle, an adjustment device, fasteners and, in some cases, an additional seat and/or impact shield that can be attached using its own integral webbing or webbings;
incomplete(non-integral class) comprising a partial restraint which, when used in combination with an adult seat belt that wraps around a child's torso, or a restraint carrying a child, forms a complete child restraint;

GOST requirements allow the use of not only solid car seats, but also other devices to ensure safety when transporting children, which include:

partial restraint(partial restraint): A device, such as a booster cushion, which, when used in combination with an adult seat belt around a child's torso or a child restraint, forms a complete child restraint;
extra pillow(booster cushion): Elastic cushion that can be used with any adult seat belt;
guide strap(guide strap): A strap that holds the shoulder strap of an adult seat belt in a position where it can be used for children, and the actual position where the shoulder strap changes direction can be adjusted using a device that slides up or down the strap depending on the location of the shoulder and fixed in that position. The guide strap must not be subjected to significant dynamic loading.

Thus, the GOST requirements allow the transportation of children over 7 years old in a booster, with the obligatory condition that the child will be fastened with standard seat belts.

Similarly, children can be transported using a "gusset" worn on the car's seat belts if it is able to change the direction of the shoulder strap depending on the location of the child's shoulder.

Judicial practice on appealing the decisions of traffic police inspectors for violations of the rules for transporting children

Initially, the courts, when considering complaints from drivers and their representatives, proceeded from the fact that a child under 12 years of age should be transported only in baby car seats, however, a number of decisions of the Supreme Supreme Court of the Russian Federation clarified the situation in this matter and recognized the driver’s actions as legal if he transports a child in a booster (cushion) fastened with regular car seat belts.

So, by the Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 18-AD16-153, the involvement of the driver Latyshev A.A. was declared illegal. to administrative responsibility for transporting a child under the age of 12 in the back seat of a car under the age of 12, wearing a seat belt, without a special child restraint (the driver transported a child in a special restraint (booster) wearing an adult seat belt).

In the decision in the above case, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation explained that the transportation of children under 12 years of age in the back seat of a vehicle is possible using both child restraints that correspond to the weight and height of the child, and other means that allow you to fasten the child with the help of seat belts.

The decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2015 in case N 46-AD15-28 also declared illegal the decision of the traffic police inspector to impose an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of 3,000 rubles for violating Part 3 of Art. 12.23 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the driver was transporting a 5-year-old child in the back seat of the car on a pillow, fastened with a seat belt, without a special child restraint

The Supreme Court in its ruling, referring to the requirements of GOST R 41.44-2005, also indicated that transportation of children under 12 years of age in the back seat of a vehicle is possible using both child restraints that correspond to the weight and height of the child, and other means that allow fasten the child with the seat belt.

Attention. Taking into account the changes made to the traffic rules, from July 01, 2017, only children over 7 years old can be transported without car seats in the rear seats of a car. Transportation of children younger age using other means that allow you to fasten a child using seat belts, the new rules are not allowed.

Judicial practice in the transportation of children using capes on the belt of the company "FEST"

Court decisions indicate that bringing drivers to administrative responsibility for violating the rules for transporting children under Part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, if the child was only fastened with seat belts using the FEST adapter (without a booster or pillow) legally.

So, by the decree of Kurgan regional court dated 06/24/2016 No. 4A-258/2016, the decision of the traffic police inspector of the traffic police of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Kurgan to bring the driver to administrative responsibility under part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with the imposition of a fine in the amount of 3,000 rubles for the transportation of a child fastened with the FEST restraint without an additional pillow.

The court ruled that the driver's arguments that he was transporting the child fastened with the help of the FEST device were not essential for the correct qualification of his actions for the following reasons. At the same time, the court pointed out that the mere fact of transporting a child fastened with the FEST restraint without an additional pillow cannot be considered sufficient to conclude that the driver complied with the traffic rules for transporting children.

IMPORTANT. Thus, the transportation of children under 7 years old, fastened with a FEST restraint or with a triangular adapter (as well as children from 7 to 11 years old - without an additional pillow or booster) - prohibited.

Transportation of children in the front seat without child car seats is not allowed

Judicial practice in this case clearly interprets the norms of the law and testifies to the legitimacy of bringing drivers to responsibility for transporting children under 12 without child seats in the front seat.

So, by the decision of the commander of the ORDPS of the OGIBDD MO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "Rubtsovsky", the driver was found guilty under part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and was punished with an administrative fine in the amount of 3,000 rubles for transporting a child under the age of 12 in the front seat of a car without a special restraint device. The decision was recognized by the courts as lawful and justified.

Prepared by "Personal rights.ru"

Additional Information

In May 2016, the next edition of the SDA came into force with changes regarding the transportation of minors. Fines for violation of requirements have increased, the circle of those responsible has expanded: now these are not only drivers, but also other persons who are responsible for the safety of children.

Consider the current rules: both previously known and new ones.

Transportation of newborns

A newborn passenger is a full-fledged road user and must be transported in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The baby can be in the car only in a special chair that provides reliable fixation of the body in the prone position.

A feature of the car seat is a long belt. An alternative is the universal Isofix mounting system, which is present in almost all modern cars.

From the cradle to the first chair

The transition to the “sitting” position occurs in a child at 6–8 months. The bone and muscle systems at this age are still fragile, so the fixation system should be as safe as possible. Improve the lateral support of the head and body with special inserts and headrests.

For active growth

From about 4-5 years of age, you can use universal car seats with a height-adjustable headrest and a fully detachable backrest. After unfastening the backrest, a booster remains - a seat-stand designed to raise a child 120-150 cm tall for fastening with a standard car belt.

As before, the age limit governing the use of a child car seat is 12 years. After reaching this age, a young passenger is equated to an adult.

Child in the front seat

The rules do not prohibit placing toddlers and teenagers in the front passenger seat. However, here, unlike in the back row, belt adapters and boosters are outlawed. Up to 12 years of age, riding in front requires the use of an age-appropriate car seat only with the front airbag deactivated.

The pillow should be turned off, since the direction and strength of its opening is designed for the size of an adult. Tests have shown that a minor operation of this device can do more harm than good.

One strap for two

The rules categorically prohibit the use of an adult passenger as a child seat. You can not sit the child on the mother's lap and fasten them with one belt. In this case, an accident or even sudden braking leads to the fact that a passenger with a large weight will not be able to control the inertia of his body and cause serious injuries to the baby.

Individual approach

IN Lately the idea of taking into account the individual parameters of children when determining the way they are placed in the car is actively promoted. It is proposed to consider a height of 150 cm as a criterion for refusing a child seat. A passenger above this mark can ride with a regular seat belt fastened without violating the law.

The described relaxation will result in an expansion of restrictions for those whose height by the age of 12 is below one and a half meters. To increase safety, children will have to use special restraints until they reach the specified height.

A little about exceptions

It's no secret that a child car seat is not a panacea, especially when it comes to little-known manufacturers. Therefore, try to purchase certified devices, even if not at the lowest price.

Many are concerned about the issue of old cars, the back seat of which does not have seat belts. Today, the rules categorically indicate the need for the safe placement of children, so the rarity will have to be equipped with belts.

Supplement to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

The current Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation was replenished with three parts - 4–6. Now a driver carrying a group of minors in a car or bus without a charter agreement, a list of children and accompanying persons, as well as a route program, faces a fine of 3,000 rubles. Officials who violate the requirements stipulated by the traffic rules may lose 25,000 rubles. and legal entities - 100,000 rubles. The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation equates individual entrepreneurs to legal entities.

Responsibility for the night transportation of minors, which is regulated by the Rules for the organized transportation of a group of children by buses, has become especially tough. Guilty drivers face a fine of 5,000 rubles. or deprivation of rights for 4–6 months. For officials, a fine of 50,000 rubles is set, and for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs - 200,000 rubles.

All drivers should strive to comply with traffic rules regarding the transportation of small passengers. And the main incentive in this matter is not a fine, but the preservation of the life and health of children. In addition, following the established rules instills in children a culture of behavior on the road, brings up a generation of law-abiding and accurate drivers.

Small children in a car are always an increased responsibility for the driver. To protect the life of a child who is a passenger in a vehicle, experts recommend, and the Rules of the Road require the use of special devices. On December 1, 2016, new requirements were introduced, which obligated the child to be transported only in a special child car seat. This means that any other restraints in the form of boosters or adapters are outlawed. How to transport children correctly? What recommendations do experts give for transporting children? What will change for drivers of passenger vehicles carrying a child in 2019?

Features of transporting children in a car

Not all road users know that cars are equipped with standard seat belts designed for passengers at least 150 cm tall. The Rules of the Road provide for a rule that allows passengers over 12 years old to be transported without restraints. This age is not set by chance: according to legislators, it is by the age of 12 that most teenagers acquire the complexion for which regular car seat belts are designed.

Transporting a younger child today is allowed using any devices, the list of which, unfortunately, includes restraints that do not guarantee full protection. We are talking about all kinds of adapters and boosters, which, at least, are ineffective in side impacts. In general, such products are currently not subject to certification, which means that it is extremely reckless to trust the life of a child to a dubious plastic stand.

Fine for transporting children in a car

The amount of penalties for violation of the rules for transporting children is given in paragraph 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. In 2019, for non-compliance with the requirements of the traffic rules (“Transportation of children”), the driver is issued a fine of 3,000 rubles. Such a violation will “cost” 25,000 rubles to an official, and 100,000 rubles to a legal entity. For adult passengers whose transportation is carried out with violations, the legislation provides for a milder punishment - a fine of 500 rubles.

It must be understood that road users will not be able to avoid bringing to administrative responsibility, both if there is no special car seat in the car, or if it is installed incorrectly. The necessary technology for mounting a child car seat is usually given in the instructions for the product.

What changes were made to the legislation in 2016?

On December 1, 2016, amendments to the traffic rules came into force, which made it mandatory to transport a child under the age of 12 on restraints made in the form of car seats. It is believed that only in this case, small children will be provided with maximum safety, both when placing such passengers in the front seat, and when installing a car seat anywhere in the large rear seat. Transportation of children according to the new rules will also ensure the effective operation of standard seat belts, regardless of the reasons that caused the vehicle to get into an accident (frontal or side impact, rollover of the car, etc.)

Corresponding changes were made to paragraph 22.9 of the SDA and entered into force on the first day of winter 2016, which is largely due to the traditional deterioration of the road situation for this time, associated with cold weather, heavy rainfall and icing of roads.

The new rules for the transportation of children are designed to reduce the damage to their health and life, so ignoring such requirements can always be regarded as a negligent attitude towards the fate of small passengers. Remember that regular seat belts can only protect the child if they are used correctly: they must pass clearly along the level of the chest and lower back, tightly fitting to the body. It is possible to provide such conditions for undersized passengers only when using special car seats.

It is worth considering other recommendations of experts on transporting children in a car:

The safest place to install a child car seat for a child will be the central place in the rear seat.
The best protection is provided by restraints, the design of which implies a secure attachment of the product to the main seat, as well as the presence of 5-point seat belts (with such a car seat, small children receive protection, including when the car rolls over).
It is strictly forbidden to transport children in a car, holding them in your arms (studies show that in the event of an accident, the speed of moving a child in your arms increases by 7-8 times).

Additional related materials:

Standard tax deductions for personal income tax for children in 2019: sample application Penalty for lack of OSAGO insurance in 2019
Tachograph on trucks 2019: how to get around the law from April 1, 2015 and whether it is necessary to install a tachograph on a truck to an individual Oncoming traffic ticket

For each driver, there are quite specific rules for transporting children in a car. They are the same for everyone and must be followed to ensure the safety of small passengers while traveling. Traffic rules in force on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2016 are provided for by law and affect all modes of transport.

In the car

Transportation of children in a car across the territory of the Russian Federation should be carried out only with the help of a car seat if the child is not yet 12 years old.

Moving with the help of a car seat occurs only in the passenger compartment. Do not use a trailer or truck bed for this. If you don't have a car seat or bassinet, you can use a booster pillow or triangle adapter.

Transportation of children in the car in the front seat is only possible with a car seat or infant carrier.

Cushion and triangle on the front seat are prohibited. In general, it is better to avoid carrying a child in the front seat, as this position is considered the most dangerous for a small passenger.

If the transportation of a child in the front seat is forced, the airbag should be turned off. If a child over 12 years old is to be transported in the front seat, the airbag must be activated.

Infants under 6 months, including those in the front seat, according to the laws of the Russian Federation 2016, must move in an infant carrier, which is attached to the car seat perpendicular to the direction of travel with the help of belts.

Such transportation of children in a car allows them to breathe evenly and does not place additional stress on the baby's bones.

If it is not possible to place the cradle, since it takes up quite a lot of space, you can resort to using an inclined car seat. In this case, the transport of children in the car will pass at an angle of 45%, which causes minimal damage in the event of a collision. Baby's head is well supported. You can additionally put rollers under your head.

According to the traffic rules of Russia 2016, it is forbidden to carry a child in your arms, especially in the front seat.

In a collision, the weight of the child increases, and it will be very difficult to keep him sitting. In the front seat, a child without a car seat is in serious danger.

Only teenagers whose height is at least 150 cm can provide the most effective security with seat belts. That is why, according to the rules of traffic rules 2016, you can transport a child without a car seat when he reaches 12 years old.

The new laws of the Russian Federation in 2016 provide for a fine for improper transportation of children in the amount of 3 thousand rubles. If the driver uses the car by proxy, the amount of the fine may increase.

On trains

If the transportation of children by car requires compliance with the correct position of the child, then in trains long distance Russian Railways provides for the availability of certain documents for children under 14 years of age.

According to the rules of the Russian Railways, when a child under 14 years old is traveling on long-distance trains, he or an accompanying person must have:

original birth certificate (or a notarized copy);
travel ticket (even if a child under 14 rides for free).

A car seat or any additional devices for a child is not required, however, when moving on long-distance trains of Russian Railways, a child under 14 years of age must be supervised by accompanying persons.

Free of charge, but if you have a ticket without a seat, according to the rules of Russian Railways, only a child under 5 years old can travel on long-distance trains.

If the child has reached the age of 5, on long-distance trains he needs to purchase child ticket with a seat at a lower price.

If more than 8 children under the age of majority are transported on long-distance trains, according to the rules of Russian Railways 2016, the presence of accompanying adults and a medical worker is required.

If a group of children of more than 20 people travels on long-distance trains, special children's cars, a restaurant car are attached for them, baby food(dry rations - when moving within 1 day, hot meals - if the train moves for more than a day).

For 8-10 children on long-distance trains, at least one accompanying person is needed. All children must carry health certificates with them.

On buses

Since July 1, 2015, Russia has tightened the requirements for transporting children by bus. Now, according to the laws of the Russian Federation, the following requirements are imposed on transport:

the year of manufacture of the bus should not be earlier than 10 years at the time of transportation;
buses must have tachographs and satellite navigation equipment.

Since 2015, children under 7 years old can be transported by bus in Russia for no more than 3 hours. If the bus journey takes more than 4 hours, the new traffic rules for children of this age provide for the availability of food in the transport for feeding babies and accompaniment by a health worker.

At night, according to the traffic rules, the bus is allowed to transport children only in the direction of the airport and back, or with a long delay on the way.

In airplane

The age of children for a flight in an airplane in Russia is not limited. However, according to medical indications, it is better to fly with a baby who has reached 3 months.

Until the age of two, a child can be on an airplane on the lap of an adult: he does not need a separate seat.

For babies up to six months old, you can order a special cradle on the plane, but this should be done at least a couple of days before the flight.

After 2 years, the child needs to purchase a separate seat on the plane. If one adult accompanies 2 or more children, they need to buy separate seats.

On the plane, you can carry your own stroller for free or order a cradle, which comes with disposable underwear. You can also order free baby food from the carrier two days in advance.

There are some other nuances when transporting children on an airplane that should be considered:

if the child is accompanied by one parent, the permission of the other half, certified by a notary, will be required;
the total amount of transported liquid is limited to 1 liter;
children under 12 years of age are accompanied by an adult;
if there is no accompanying person, this service can be ordered from the airline (the flight attendant will look after the child, but the service is paid).

Ensuring the safety of the child during the trip is a concern not only for parents and accompanying persons, but also for employees of transport companies. Their task is to provide everything necessary according to the request of the parents, so that the child can safely proceed to their destination.