Summary of the lesson "Bogorodsk toy and its masters" in the senior group. Abstract of the GCD lesson in drawing, in the senior group
MBDOU of the city of Astrakhan No. 52 "Rosinka"
Fedorova Olga Pavlovna teacher
Subject: Bogorodsk toy and her masters.
(senior group)
Purpose: To consolidate knowledge about the variety of folk toys; continue to acquaint with folk crafts. Give the concept of the Bogorodsk toy, its types, manufacturing technology. To awaken children to search activity, to reasoning. To form interest and desire to make a toy according to the Bogorodsk type.
Dictionary activation: Bogorodskaya, Kargopolskaya, chisel.
Material: Bogorodsk toy: dynamic - a grandmother with knitting needles, an old man in a sleigh, chickens, hares are chopping cabbage, a fox is washing, a man and a bear, a she-bear with a cub, a bear-twitch.
Toys: Filimonov cat, Dymkovo rooster, Kargopol - Polkan,a basket, an envelope with a diagram, a chest, an illustration of a Bogorodsk toy, an illustration (the sequence of making a Bogorodsk toy), tools (a hatchet, a knife, chisels), a video cassette of the Bogorodsk toy; silhouette of a man and a bear made of cardboard, 2 strips, 2 wires - for each child.
Preliminary work: acquaintance with Dymkovo, Filimonov, Kargopol toys, watching the cassette "Secrets of the Sirin Bird", an excursion to the toy museum, looking at illustrations, albums "Folk Toy".
Lesson progress:
- Guys, today we have guests at the lesson. And we always welcome guests, what words do we greet guests with?
Children: - hello, welcome, nice to see you, please come in.
- How many good and kind words you said, and in response you received many affectionate smiles and shining eyes. "The more a person does good, the more he gets it."
(the children go to the table, on which there is an envelope with the number 1, a basket with the number 2 and a chest with the number 3)
- Guys, look, what do we have here?
- That's right, this is an envelope, a chest and a basket. And look at them, the numbers. And what does that mean?
- Guys, what are we going to open first?
- Under the number 1 we have an envelope, and in it is a diagram. (children stand in a circle, but do not hold hands, the leader says a proverb to the one standing next to him (on the left) and takes his hand, the children say proverbs and hold hands, at the end a circle is obtained)
- Guys, what a great fellow you are, you know a lot of proverbs, everyone is so different, they don’t repeat. Well done!
- Guys, look what we got?
- Yes, guys, this is a circle, and the circle is a symbol of what? This symbol is the sun. The sun is life. The sun will help us today in class.
- Let's see, guys, what do we have under the number two?
-Under the number 2, we have a chest. Let's sit down on the chairs and see what we have in the chest. (children sit down)
- Guys, look what kind of toys they are, what are they called?
(vos-l opens the chest and puts toys on the table)
- That's right, this is a Dymkovo rooster, look how colorfully painted it is, and this is a Kargopol toy - Polkan, and this is a Filimonov toy - a cat.
Look, the Filimonovo toy is different in that it is elongated.
- Well done, but think about what these toys can tell us?
Children: - about the name of the area: about the master, about his character: about the material from which they are made.
- Yes, guys, each toy can tell us a lot of interesting things, give joy to both children and adults, amuse them. Folk toys have inspired many poets to compose poems. Our children have learned poems, but about those folk toys that we don't have now.
(children read poems)
Dymkovo turkey.
Here is a smart turkey, he is all right.
The big turkey has all painted sides.
He surprised everyone with his outfit, spread his wings importantly.
Look, a magnificent tail, it is not at all simple-
Like a sunny flower, but a tall scallop
Red paint grief, like a king's crown.
The turkey is colorfully beautiful, he is pompous, proud.
Looks down around an important bird - a turkey.
My toys. V. Vasilenko.
Similar to an old fairy tale, they appeared before me.
Their horns look like spruce, their color is yellow, blue.
Dark red and green. Slender goat and deer.
They are ready to amuse me, to be with me all day long.
They willingly found a corner on my table.
My work is monitored so that I can't get tired.
And they have big horns. You can't take your eyes off them.
Surprisingly alive - they will not only ask for food.
- Well done. Very good poems. But really, these folk toys are similar to a fairy tale. (vos-l takes out a sheet, opens it, shows the children an illustration of the Bogorodsk toy)
- Guys, look at this illustration of a toy unfamiliar to us, but it is called Bogorodskaya.
(teacher's story)
Near the ancient city of Sergiev Posad near Moscow, on a high mountain among forests and fields, the village of Bogorodskoye is spread. According to folk legend, a family lived in the village a long time ago. The mother decided to amuse the little children. She carved a figure from a log (show) and called it "Auka". The children were happy, played and threw the “auka” behind the stove. Once the husband began to gather for the fair and said: I'll take the “auka” to the market and show it to the traders. "Auka" bought and ordered more. Since then, the carving of the toy appeared in Bogorodskoye and it became known as the Bogorodskaya toy.
This toy is cut not from any tree, but only from linden, alder and aspen, because this wood is easily processed and allows you to reproduce small details. The wood dries out within three years so that there are no cracks. And only then do they get to work. The tools of the master are simple.
(display of tools: hatchet, knife, set of chisels)
- Guys, look, and in this illustration, the stage of making a toy.
(illustration display)
The master first takes a chock, looks at it carefully, as if he is trying to figure out something. Then he makes a notch with an ax, then processes it with a chisel, and then describes the skin with a sharp knife, opens his eyes, mouth, and, finally, the master gives a name to his toy. Fairy tales are told with toys. The Bogorodsk toy is very different in subject matter - these are figures of animals and people who are busy with everyday activities: sawing firewood, forging metal, drinking tea.
Fizkultminutka.
I ask you to get up - this is one, the head turned - this is two.
Hands down, look forward - this is three, with force to press them to your shoulders - this is five.
And now quietly sit down - it's six.
- Oh, guys, we got so carried away that we forgot about the basket. What number is written here?
- Yes, this is the number 3. Three guys are very common in a fairy tale - 3 sons, 3 girls, 3 tasks, 3 wishes, 3 bears.
- And our magic basket. A fairy tale lives in it. I know a lot of fairy tales, today I don’t want to tell you a fairy tale, but show a fairy tale about a Bogorodsk toy, and you will help me.
(the teacher takes out one of the toys from the basket and tells a fairy tale, inviting the children to make movements with toys in the course of the story).
Fairy tale.
Once upon a time there was a grandfather “Because of the forest, because of the mountains, grandfather Yegor rides on a horse himself” (toy show: grandfather rides a horse) and grandmother “Shadow-shadow-sweat in the garden, then the wattle fence in the hut the stove is heated grandmother hurry up” . Grandmother took care of the house, knitting socks. (toy display: grandmother knits socks) And grandmother had chickens. “On the street, 3 chickens are fighting with a rooster, shoo-shoo, ha ha ha, have pity on the rooster” (toy display: chickens peck grain). Grandmother loved her chickens very much, let them out for a walk, fed, looked after them. They lived, grandfather and grandmother lived, but the trouble is, they were old and it was hard for them to do everything, they had no helpers. They lived on the edge of the forest. The animals found out that grandparents needed help, they decided to help them. Grandma decided to bake pies with cabbage. Hares came running and helped to chop the cabbage. “The grass-ant rose from sleep, the titmouse bird took on the grain, the bunnies took on the cabbage” (toy display: hares cut cabbage). The fox-sister came, helped the grandmother to wash the linen. “Today, the fox-sister is washing her fur coat all day, helping her grandmother” (showing a toy: the fox is washing clothes). Then three bears came. Mikhailo Potapych, together with his grandfather, worked in the forge, knocked with hammers. "What's the noise, what's the knock? Knock-knock, knock-knock. gray bear, old grandfather picks up a boot, starts a business ”(showing a toy grandfather and a bear knock with hammers). And Nastasya Petrovna decided to take a steam bath for her son-bear cub. “Vodichka-vodichka wash my face so that my eyes shine, so that my cheeks turn red, so that my mouth laughs, so that my teeth bite” (toy display: a bear washes a bear cub). So, the whole day the animals were busy with business, helping their grandfather and grandmother. While the animals were doing their business, the grandmother and Nastasya Petrovna baked pies with cabbage. In the evening they all sat down at the table. “Ay, kachi-kachi-kachi, look at the bagels-kalachi, piping hot from the oven, all the blush is hot.”
That's the end of the tale, and who listened well done. These are the industrious animals that lived in this forest.
- Guys, an interesting tale? What do you think Mikhailo Potapych, is he very strong? Why do you think?
(the teacher takes out a toy from the basket - “bear-twitch" and shows how he was engaged in physical education)
-Let's show how we can do exercises.
The sun peeked into the bed
One two three four five.
We all exercise
We need to sit down and stand up
Stretch your arms out wide
One two three four five
Bend over three, four
And stand still.
On the toe, then on the heel
We all do exercises.
-Guys, let's remember which toy told and showed us a fairy tale?
- Yes, this toy is called Bogorodskaya. What do you think these toys have in common and how are they similar? - How do they differ?
- Most of the Bogorodsk toys have one attractive feature - these are toys “with movement”. A witty device sets the toy in motion, enlivens it, makes it more entertaining.
- Do you remember what these toys are called?
- Look. These things are now visiting us.
To tell us the secrets of ancient, wonderful beauty.
To lead us into the world of Russia, into the world of goodness.
To say that there are miracle people in Russia masters.
- Russian craftsmen knew how to work and they put all their skills, all their soul into their work, so the products turned out so beautiful. About hard work, the people put together proverbs and sayings.
- What proverbs and sayings about labor do you know?
(children say proverbs and sayings about work)
- And now, guys, we'll see how real masters work.
(children watch a cassette on which the work of the masters is recorded)
- Did you like the work of the masters?
- Do you remember what kind of toy the masters made? And if you want to turn into masters yourself and make your own toy, let's go and sit at the tables.
(children sit at tables on which silhouettes of a bear and a man cut out of cardboard lie, the teacher explains and shows how to make a toy by attaching silhouettes to the bar with wire).
- Well done. You turned out good masters. (children show how their toys move)
But now, our work has come to an end. From what new toy today we not only met, but also made it ourselves.
- What did you like the most?
- Guys, tonight, when you come home, tell your mom and dad what we did and show us your toys.
Svetlana Mezentseva
GCD theme: « Bogorodsk toys»
Mezentseva Svetlana Viktorovna
Program: "Birth to School" edited by N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva.
Integration of educational regions: social and communicative development, cognitive development, speech development, artistic and aesthetic development, physical development.
Children's age: 4 years (middle group).
GCD theme: « Bogorodsk toys» .
Target: the formation of children's knowledge about Bogorodskaya toy.
Tasks:
Educational:
Introduce students to Bogorodsk folk toy- as a work of Russian folk art.
Draw the attention of children to toy contribute to the understanding of its content.
Learn to see the beauty of wood Bogorodsk toys, her amusement.
Educational:
Develop interest in folk toy, to the past.
Develop the ability to distinguish Bogorodsk toys.
Educational:
Cultivate respect for toy, interest in its manufacture, in folk craftsmen - masters - wood carvers.
To create conditions for the formation of emotional responsiveness to the means of artistic expression.
To help children get positive emotional impressions from playing together with folk toys.
Planned results: children get to know Bogorodsk toys; learn about the history of the industry (with how craftsmen made them, from what types of wood); get pleasure and positive emotions from the game with Bogorodsk toys.
Form of organization: group.
NOD form: Team work, game exercises, story game, games to music, joint action.
preliminary work: Organization of the exhibition "Russian traditional toy» , solving mysteries toys.
Dictionary of new words: toy craft, merchant.
Equipment and materials:
Demo didactic material
Bogorodsk toys: twitchers Pinocchio, Parsley, wheelchair Goby, Bird talk, whistles.
Illustrations with painting.
Handout:
Bogorodsk toys.
teacher: Hello guys! Look carefully which toys lie in front of you?
Children: Beautiful painted toys.
teacher Q: What are they made of?
Children: Made of wood.
teacher: Absolutely right! These toys made of wood, since ancient times, artisans of the village Bogorodskoe they were cut with a knife from soft woods - alder, linden, aspen. They say that a peasant family lived in a small village. They were poor people and had many children. The mother decided to amuse the children and make them a doll. Sewn from fabric, but after a few days the children tore toy. I wove it from straw, and by the evening the doll crumbled. Then the woman took a chip and cut it out wooden toy, and the children nicknamed her Auka. The boys played for a long time toy, and then the doll bored them. And her father took her to the fair. There was a merchant there, a man who comes to shop at the fair. merchant the toy looked interesting, and ordered the peasant to make many of these toys. Since then, they say, most of the villagers Bogorodskoye and engaged in “toy” craft, that is, to make wooden toys.
teacher: And what is unusual about these toys?
Children: They are not like ours toys, made of wood.
teacher: Let's take a closer look Bogorodsk toys.
The teacher demonstrates pecking hens.
The cockerel will wake up.
About the plank, knock and knock.
Together with chickens tuk-tuk.
Never get tired.
Chickens are pecking grains
And they don't lay eggs.
Here are some strange
Wooden chickens!
Children: considering toys.
teacher: Here are the guys toys - jerks. The arms and legs of these toys fastened with ropes, if you pull on them, toys"come alive" and start dancing fervently.
Children: Very interesting toys.
teacher: Yes guys Bogorodsk toys are kind, funny, "live".
teacher: Guys, let's remember Agnia Barto's poem "Bull".
Children: The goby swings, Sighs on move:
"Oh, the board is over, now I'm going to fall".
teacher: Look closely at this Bogorodsk toy. It is called - wheelchair Goby. The truth is like a character from a poem!
Children: Very!
teacher: In the same way, folk craftsmen made everyone's favorite whistles.
teacher: Guys, let's play with you in game"People's shop toys» . For the seller to sell you some toy, you need to describe it, name its distinctive features. She must be guessed "salesman". Try not only to describe correctly in words toy but also be polite buyers. Buyers can play with Bogorodsk toys.
Children are divided into two commands: sellers and buyers. Buyers describe the building toys, the colors that the toy is painted, sellers guess and let you play.
A melody sounds during the game "Russian hut"
(E. Ptichkin - M. Plyatskovsky).
teacher: Guys, you are so good. Played with respect to each other game. Did you enjoy playing with folk toys?
Children: Very!
teacher: What is the name of the village where folk craftsmen make these toys?
Children: Village Bogorodskoe.
teacher: Right. What kind of wood are they made from? Bogorodsk toys?
Children: From soft, toys cut with a knife.
teacher: Is our lesson has come to an end and you guys can play Bogorodsk toys.
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Slides captions:
Colorful wooden chickens on a stand, figures of blacksmiths, a man and a bear - pull the bar, and they will knock with hammers on a small anvil. funny toys, known in Rus' since time immemorial, have become the main folk craft for residents of the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow, located 29 km. from Sergiev Posad. The toy crafts of Sergiev Posad and the village of Bogorodsky are called by experts as two branches on one trunk. Indeed, the crafts have common roots: the traditions of ancient pillar-like plastics and the school of three-dimensional, relief wood carving at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, known since the 15th century. The village of Bogorodskoye eventually became an original center of folk art in the history of Russian applied art. Bogorodsk carvers - participants in numerous exhibitions; their works were awarded gold medals at world exhibitions in Paris, New York, Brussels. The Peasant and the Hen toy is in the Historical Museum of Moscow, the composition “How the Mice Buried the Cat” is in the Museum of Folk Art, the toy “The Cavalier and the Lady”, “Tsar Dodon and the Little Star” is in the Russian Regional Museum.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Synopsis of educational and educational activities to familiarize children with the Bogorodsk toy of the middle group.
Summary of work with children. Purpose: the formation of knowledge about the Bogorodsk toy. Tasks: to educate children's patriotic feelings, enrich children's knowledge of folk toys, develop skills ...
Seven little tales about Bogorodsk toys
Dear parents and kindergarten teachers! We bring to your attention seven little fairy tales about Bogorodsk toys. These fairy tales will help expand the children's understanding of the folk toy, ...
Colorful wooden chickens on a stand, figures of blacksmiths, a peasant and a bear - pull the bar and they will knock with hammers on a small anvil ... Funny toys, known in Rus' since time immemorial, have become the main folk craft for residents of the Bogorodskoye village near Moscow.
The ancient village of Bogorodskoye is located 25 km from Sergiev Posad, near Moscow. Folk craft originated under the influence of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery - one of the largest centers of artistic crafts in Moscow Rus'
Already in the 15th-16th centuries, Bogorodsk peasants, at that time monastic serfs, laid the foundations for the artistic craft of woodworking that developed later. The village has become one of the centers of folk art in the history of Russian applied art.
The history of the Bogorodsk toy begins with a legend. They say that a peasant family lived in a small village near modern Sergiev Posad. They were poor people and had many children. The mother decided to amuse the children and make them a doll. I sewed it from fabric, but after a few days the children tore the toy. I wove it from straw, and by the evening the doll crumbled. Then the woman took a chip and carved a toy out of wood, and the children called her Auka. The children had fun for a long time, and then the doll got bored with them. And her father took her to the fair. There was a merchant, who found the toy interesting, and ordered the peasant a whole lot. Since then, they say, most of the inhabitants of the village of Bogorodskoye have taken up the “toy” craft.
Folk craftsmen in the village of Bogorodskoye, Moscow Region, create wooden carved toys, which, like clay ones, belong to folk plastic.
The traditional Bogorodsk toy is unpainted figures of people, animals and birds made of linden, compositions from the life of a Russian peasant.
The most famous Bogorodsk plot is blacksmiths. They are everywhere - and on the gates of the factory and even on the facades of houses. The toy "Blacksmiths" is over 300 years old. It is worth moving the slats and the brisk work immediately begins. Figures move in a clear rhythm, hammers beat on the anvil in time.
Folk craftsmen, working with a primitive tool, managed to create truthful, realistic images of the surrounding reality from wood.
Main difference Bogorodsk wooden toys - wood chips carving (wood is plucked off in small pieces).
It is she who creates a textured surface similar to animal hair. Smooth surfaces are processed with fine sandpaper.
Most toys are moving, and each type of movement has its own name. Particularly interesting are toys with movement: on slats, with balance, with a button. These uncomplicated, but always witty devices make the toy lively, expressive and especially attractive.
Divorce (planochki get divorced)
Balance.K the balance ball spins and the toy performs some actions.
Button toy. We press the button - it moves.
Craftsmen carved figures of animals and people from folk life, fables and fairy tales from linden.
The most traditional dolls made in Bogorodskoye were ladies and hussars, nannies, nurses with children, soldiers, shepherdesses, and peasants.
The toys reflect almost all stages of the country's development.
Bogorodsk toys are made not only for children's fun, but also to decorate housing, for comfort.
In 1923, the masters united in the artel "Bogorodsky carver" and a vocational school was opened, which trains new cadres of masters of artistic woodcarving.
In 1960, on the eve of the 300th anniversary of the birth of folk craft, the artel was transformed into an artistic carving factory.
They say that during the Great Patriotic War, famous carvers were recalled from the front, because the Bogorodsk toy was exported to the United States in exchange for weapons.
Now many toys are turned on lathes and painted by hand.
Wooden toys are considered one of the most useful for development. fine motor skills child. In addition, they can be chewed, even painted, because they are coated with a special oil varnish. I must say that many adults "fall into childhood" at the sight of moving figures!
Bogorodsk toys can be found in shops, museums, exhibitions, in many houses not only in our cities, but also abroad.
Far beyond the boundaries of the Moscow region, Orthodox masters are known - miracle workers N. I. Maksimov, V. V. Yurov, S. Badaev, M. A. Pronin, A. Ya. Chushkin, A. A. Ryzhov, I. K. Stulov and other.
Bogorodsk master artists - participants in numerous exhibitions; their works were awarded gold medals at world exhibitions in Paris, New York, Brussels.
The "Peasant and the Hen" toy is in the Historical Museum of Moscow, the composition "How the Mice Buried the Cat" is in the Museum of Folk Art, the toy "The Cavalier and the Lady", "Tsar Dodon and the Little Star" is in the Russian Regional Museum of Local Lore. There are toys in the Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve.
Modern Bogorodsk carving is diverse in terms of subjects and forms of artistic expression. It organically enters the artistic culture, preserving the ancient traditions of the craft.
The Bogorodsk wooden toy is not only an interesting souvenir, but also an excellent toy for a child: it develops a hand, awakens imagination, and the material is safe.
The French sculptor Auguste Rodin, seeing the Bogorodsk toy, said: The people who created this toy are a great people.
Goals. Develop aesthetic sense; to consolidate graphic skills and skills in drawing a complex object.
Equipment. Nesting dolls, Bogorodsk toys.
During the classes
II. Introductory conversation
Teacher. Guess the riddle:
Although we are small,
But so nice:
All painted with flowers
And one for the main one.
There are crumbs among us.
Who are we?
Children. Matryoshkas.
Matryoshka display.
U. What were nesting dolls made of?
D. From a tree.
U. Now listen to the story of how other wooden toys came to be.
It happened a long time ago, maybe two hundred years ago, or maybe more, in the village of Bogorodskoye, near Moscow.
In winter, the nights are long and it gets dark early. Bored in a peasant hut guys. And then one day a mother wanted to please her children with a toy. And there is nothing to buy. She began to think: if you weave straw out of straw, they will unravel it so vividly. If molded from dough, it will dry out and fall apart. And she took a log from under the stove, cut out a doll with an ax and a knife.
The children were happy with the toy. They lulled, they said: "Ay, ay." And they named her Auk. And they grew up - they abandoned their Auka.
Once my mother was going to the market, saw a toy, took it with her and sold it.
Once a cart is going through the village, a peasant is sitting in it and shouting:
- Who sold a wooden toy at the market?
“I traded,” the woman says, “but why do you need it?
“Aren’t you going to cut some more of these?” I will buy everything.
- Okay, come to the party.
The woman made toys and ran around the village to tell about her luck, to show her skill. The villagers followed her different toys make and sell to merchants.
III. Introduction to new material
U. Shaggy firs, oaks, birches, lindens surrounded the village of Bogorodskoye from all sides in a dense ring. In some neighboring villages, baskets and bast shoes were woven for sale, in others they made wooden spoons and dishes, and Bogorodsk people carved toys. They were considered the best toys. They brought toys to the fair not in bags, not in baskets, but in whole wagons. The toys were inexpensive, but is it really about the price? The main thing is the joy that Bogorodsk toys gave to both children and adults.
Let's look at the products of Bogorodsk masters. How are these toys different from the rest?
D. They are not painted.
U. The craftsmen developed their own artistic manner, their own style of carving. They saw that toys made from unpainted wood could be even more interesting, and they stopped painting them.
The themes of the sculptures are diverse: they are peasants, hunters, animals and birds, scenes from everyday life, fairy tales.
What fairy tale characters do you recognize?
D. Bogatyr Ilya Muromets on a horse, Tsar Dodon and the Astrologer from the fairy tale "The Golden Cockerel" ...
U. In Bogorodskoye, they learned how to make toys with movement. You pull two bars - the toy comes to life. Knock-knock - blacksmiths loudly hit the anvil with a hammer: a man and a bear.
But on the plank there are chickens - pull the rope, and they will hastily peck the grains.
Soldiers are marching, horses are galloping, cubs are playing balalaikas. The hero of many compositions is a bear, so we will learn to draw it today.
IV. Independent work
STAGES OF DRAWING
1. Place the sheet vertically. Draw a vertical line. With light strokes, outline the height of the bear.
2. Mark the location of the head by setting how many times the height of the head fits into the height of the entire figure.
3. With light straight lines, mark the position of the paws. Note the symmetrical nature of the figure.
4. Using the light sketching technique, continue to refine the position and size of the legs, torso.
5. Color the bear brown.
Children work step by step.
V. Summary of the lesson
