Muslim calendar october. The beginning of the Safar month is a time of prayer and tranquility
The calendar is one of essential elements Everyday life each person. Muslims have their own system of chronology, based on which they observe certain religious prescriptions.
Most of the world's countries today use the Gregorian solar calendar, which counts from the birth of Jesus Christ (Prophet Isa, r.a.) and includes 12 months (365 or 366 days). In Islam, it is taken as a basis, counting the days from the moment of the Hijra - the migration of the Prophet Muhammad (SV) and the first Muslims from Mecca to Medina, which occurred in 622 according to the Gregorian calendar (it is called Miladi). The key difference is that the Muslim calendar is shorter than the Gregorian one by 11-12 days, so the onset of certain religiously significant events occurs on different dates of the Gregorian calendar.
At the same time, Muslims do not have a universal unified Islamic calendar, since they use different methods defining a new month. Some theologians argue that this moment comes when a new moon is visible in the sky. Others believe that in this case one should resort to the latest technologies and determine the onset of the month by satellite. It is the presence of these disagreements that leads to the fact that the same event (for example, the onset of the month of Ramadan, the celebration of Uraza-Bayram, and so on) in different states and even regions of one country occurs at different times.
The Muslim calendar, like the Gregorian, has 12 months. God's final revelation says:
“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve. So it was written in Scripture on the day when Allah created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are forbidden months" (9:36)
Muslim calendar: the most significant days and months in 2020 - illustration #1
Features of each month
1. Muharram
The Islamic calendar begins with the month of Muharram. It occupies a special position and is one of the four forbidden months in Islam, which are mentioned in the aforementioned verse. Their prohibition is due to the fact that our Creator has imposed a ban on conflicts and warfare in these months.
The month of Muharram, which stands out in particular in Islam, carries great dignity for the faithful. For example, this period is considered very favorable for those who are going to hold an additional post. The final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) explained: “After Ramadan, the best way to fast is Muharram - the month of the Lord” (hadith from Muslim and Abu Daud).
Separately, Muslims single out the day of Ashura in the month of Muharram, which falls on its tenth day. The significance of this date is evidenced by the fact that many important events in the history of Islam fall precisely on (in 2020 it is August 29). Fasting on the 10th of the month of Muharram is believed to expiate the sins of the whole year. As proof, a reliable saying of the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) is cited: “The one who fasts on the day of Ashura is forgiven of sins for a year” (hadith from Muslim, at-Tirmizi and Ahmad). However, Shiite theologians argue that fasting on this day should not be observed, since this is the date of the tragic death of Imam Hussein, who is especially revered by Shiite Muslims.
2. Safar
The second month of the Islamic lunar calendar is Safar. Among the Arabs of the pre-Islamic period, it was considered a month of disasters, and therefore during this period they tried not to go on long journeys, not to marry, etc. The Mercy of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) dispelled these prejudices, declaring: “There are no bad signs of the month of Safar” (Muslim).
It should be remembered that everything in this world comes from our Creator, no matter what month it is.
3. Rabi ul-Awwal
In the Muslim calendar, the third month is the month of Rabi ul-Awwal, significant, first of all, because in this month another Final Messenger of the Almighty Muhammad (S.G.V.) was born and passed into the world. Referring to him with His Revelation, Allah indicates:
"We sent you only as a mercy to the worlds" (21:107)
By the way, Muslims living mainly in the states of the post-Soviet space, as well as in a number of other countries, celebrate (November 8)- Birthday of your Prophet (S.G.V.). However, theologians from the Arab world categorically oppose its celebration. As an argument, they cite a hadith that reads: “Indeed, Allah replaced them (holidays) with two better days: Day of breaking the fast and Day of sacrifice ”(Abu Dawud).
4. Rabi ul-Ahir
The fourth month of the year in the Muslim chronology is Rabi ul-Ahir, also called Rabi us-Sani. Its name means "last spring" or "second spring" and implies a continuation of the previous month.
5. Jumad al-Ula
The next month of the Islamic calendar is Jumad al-Ula (sometimes called Jumad al-Awwal). The Arabic word "jumada" is used for drought. In this month, as a rule, in pre-Islamic Arabia (from where the names of all months are preserved) there was a drought.
6. Jumad al-Ahir
The sixth month of the calendar is Jumad al-Ahir (or Jumad al-Sani). This month, like the previous one, was considered by the Arabs of the times of the Jahiliyya to be the driest, in connection with which they received such names. In the month of Jumad al-Ahir, another closest associate of Muhammad (s.g.v.) and the first righteous caliph, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (r.a.), passed into the world.
7. Rajab
The second half of the lunar year begins with the month of Rajab. Like Muharram, it is included in the list of forbidden months in Islam, during which it is strictly forbidden to wage wars. So, there is a Qur'anic verse:
“They ask you about the battle in the forbidden month. Say: "Fighting this month is a great crime" (2:217)
In the hadiths, one can find the words of the Messenger of the Almighty about the desirability of keeping the uraza in the forbidden months, which include Rajab. “Fast on certain days of the reserved months!” (Abu Dawud). However, many theologians called this hadeeth weak.
Significant events in the history of Islam fell on the month of Rajab. For example, on his 1st Friday comes - the date of marriage by the parents of the Final Messenger of God. Some theologians elevate it to the level of a holiday, while others note that this night is only a memorable date, which means that this date should not be celebrated.
On the 27th of the month of Rajab, the famous night journey of the Prophet Muhammad (S.G.V.) - Isra, as well as his ascension to heaven - took place. This event is one of the greatest miracles in the history of Islam and is mentioned in the Qur'an:
“Exalted is He Who transferred His servant at night to show him some of Our signs from the Sacred Mosque to the mosque of al-Aqsa, the surroundings of which We bestowed a blessing” (17:1)
8. Shaaban
The eighth Muslim month comes immediately before the holy Ramadan. During Shaaban, believers prepare to observe the upcoming obligatory fast. Preparation includes, among other things, fasting on certain days. So did the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.).
It is narrated from the words of Aisha bint Abu Bakr (r.a.): “I did not see that the Prophet Muhammad fasted for the whole month, except for the month of Ramadan, and I did not see that in any month he fasted more than in Shaabane" (hadith reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
In addition, the faithful in this month should pay no less attention to worship. Mercy of the worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) emphasized: “Our Lord descends in the middle of the night of the month of Shaaban and forgives the sins of all His creatures, except for the polytheist and the adherent of innovations!” (Ibn Maja).
9. Ramadan
The most significant for Muslims around the world is the Holy month of Ramadan (Ramadan). Its importance is due to the fact that it was during these 30 days of the Islamic calendar that the last Book of Allah was revealed to mankind.
The exclusivity of Ramadan is described in the hadiths: “When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise open, the gates of Hell close, and the devils are chained” (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
The most important element of this month is the obligatory fast, which serves as one of the pillars of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) once said: “Indeed, there is a gate in Paradise called “ar-Rayyan”, through which fasting people will enter on the Day of Resurrection, and no one will enter through this gate except them” (al -Bukhari and Muslim).
In addition, it is on the 9th month of the Islamic calendar that the best night in the year - (Night of predestination). Her greatness is already indicated by the fact that an entire Qur'anic sura is dedicated to her:
“Indeed, We sent down it (the Qur'an) on the night of predestination (or power, majesty). How could you know what the night of predestination is? The Night of Destiny is better than a thousand months. On this night, the angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend with the permission of their Lord, according to all His commands. She is prosperous until dawn.” (Sura 97)
These verses directly indicate that Laylat ul-Qadr exceeds 1000 months in terms of its goodness, and this corresponds to more than 83 years - almost a whole human life. And every positive deed that is done on this night will turn out to be a much greater blessing for the servant of Allah than the good deeds performed by him throughout his earthly life.
In Ramadan, believers should be zealous in reading the verses and suras of the Holy Book, read (preferably with a jamaat) tarawih prayers, and perform other good deeds, since for them you can count on a multifold reward from the Creator. (In 2020, the month of Ramadan begins on April 24 and the first day of fasting falls on this date).
10. Shawwal
The month of Shawwal following Ramadan is also considered special in the life of the Ummah. First of all, this is due to the fact that on the 1st of this month one of the most important Islamic holidays is celebrated - the Day of breaking the fast. (Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, which in 2020 falls on May 24 and is celebrated for the next two days).
Secondly, in Shawwal, Muslims are advised to observe 6 days of Uraza. Together with fasting in the month of Ramadan, they give a reward equivalent to the savab received for a year of fasting. The basis for this assertion is contained in the hadith: “If someone observed the fast in Ramadan and added six days of fasting to it in the month of Shawwal, he will receive such a reward as if he had been fasting all year” (Muslim).
11. Zul Qaeda
The eleventh month of the Islamic calendar is Zul Qaeda, the third forbidden month after Muharram and Rajab. During it, it is forbidden to conduct hostilities and enter into conflicts.
12. Dhul-Hijja
The final month of the year in the Islamic chronology plays a huge role in the life of the ummah, since it accounts for the performance of important religious rites.
Firstly, Zul-Hijja is the month of one of the pillars of Islam - the pilgrimage ().
Secondly, the first 9 days of this month are singled out separately: “No matter what days righteous deeds are performed, Allah loves doing them most of all on these days,” says the hadith cited by al-Bukhari. The believers are advised to spend this time period in fasting, to be diligent in worship, to help those in need, to implement other deeds pleasing to Allah.
A special place in the initial decade of the month of Zul-Hijjah is occupied by Arafah Day (in 2019 falls on July 30). To the one who holds the eye on this day, by the grace of the Lord, all the sins that he committed in 2 years will be forgiven. Confirmation of this can be found in the hadith: “Fasting on the day of Arafah serves as an atonement for the sins of the past and future years” (Muslim).
Well, the most important date at the end of the Muslim lunar year falls on the 10th of the month of Zul-Hijjah, when the second of the greatest holidays in Islam - Day of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha, Kurban Bayram, which in 2020 is celebrated from July 31 to August 3, including the days of Tashriq).
Nowruz in 2017 - March 21
Navruz cannot be called a religious holiday - it is rather a national holiday and it is dedicated to the spring equinox. Usually, people on this day remembered the dead, in addition, the Zoroastrians on Navruz worshiped the forces of fire, which, in turn, considered the life energy sent to us in this way by heaven.
Date of Navruz holiday in 2017
Every year it is the same and does not differ from the previous ones, and therefore Navruz in 2017 is celebrated on March 21. For many years of the existence of this celebration, it was either canceled or reintroduced, and even today it is celebrated only in Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Turkey, Kazakhstan. But the Arabs do not celebrate Navruz at all. But the duration of the holiday in each country is different. In some states it is celebrated from March 21 to 23, and in others even for 6 days, that is, from the 21st to the 27th. In these countries, Navruz is one of the most popular holidays and is revered not only as a day of spring, but also as a New Year.
Navruz traditionsAccording to the legends, Navruz should be fun and, as is customary in many countries, it is considered that one cannot work. On the night of the 20th to the 21st, Muslims gather with the whole family together and they begin to celebrate. Moreover, according to beliefs, if you spend this day outside the house, then you won’t see it at all all year round, and therefore they used to try not to leave their homes and have fun with their relatives. In addition to traditional sweets (shekerbura, baklava, badamburoy, gogal) and pilaf, seven dishes are always prepared that begin with the letter “s” (sabzi, seed, skad, sumakh, sirke, and so on)
Miraj in 2017 - April 25
The Miraj holiday is dedicated to the dream of Muhammad, when the archangel Jabrail raised him to heaven. According to legend, Allah then showed him both hell and paradise, and then allowed him to stand before his throne. Also in this dream, Muhammad had the opportunity to communicate with other prophets.
Date of Miraj
On April 25, 2017, all Muslims will celebrate the Miraj holiday. If we talk about the lunar calendar and Islamic traditions, then they celebrate it on the 27th of the month of Rajab.
Holiday traditions
It is noteworthy that in different cities traditions and rituals may differ slightly. For example, in some it is customary to eat as always, but in others, on the contrary, to abstain completely, and still others, perhaps, just try to eat vegetable diet dishes. However, they are united by one tradition, which is observed everywhere. After sunset, every Muslim family sets up a rich table with an abundance of meat and fish dishes, and be sure to invite relatives and close friends. Hands are washed before and after the meal, and guests are served a special bowl of water for this, so that they perform this ceremony. Before the start of dinner, Muslims say: "O Allah, bless this food and save us from hell." But at the end: “Thanks be to Allah, who sent us food, drink and made us Muslims.” Only the head of the family and the owner of the house should start the meal, and after that everyone else.
Night of Baraat in 2017 - May 11
This is a sacred night in Muslim culture, which is celebrated in the Hijri month of Shaaban. According to the sages, the month of Ramadan is the time for harvesting fruits for one's good deeds, but Shaaban, on the contrary, is the period when it is necessary to sow them. Days 14 and 15 are considered turning points when it is necessary to pray and fast.
Date of the Holy Night of Baraat
Every year it is different and is determined quite simply - for Muslims it is always the night from the 14th to the 15th of the month of Shaaban. In 2017, Baraat Night is celebrated on May 11th. This day is not only a symbol of goodness and philanthropy, but also a holiday of forgiveness of sins, correction and purification.
Traditions on the Night of Baraat
Muslims pray all night for the forgiveness of sins, and in the morning they perform a ritual of ablution. They prepare for this day carefully - they wash their clothes white, or simply buy new white ones, clean the house, wash everything and get rid of rubbish. And after the rite of washing, they put on a clean robe and go to breakfast, where the head of the family says a prayer. At the same time, the table must be necessarily low and it is called dastarkhan. Festive dishes are usually light, they try to serve more vegetables, since from this day intensive preparations for the month of Ramadan begin.
Ramadan in 2017 - from May 27 to June 25
Ramadan is not just one day whole month, which Muslims sacredly honor and observe a strict fast all this time. According to all adherents of Islam, the month of Ramadan is considered one of the five pillars on which, in principle, their faith rests.
When does Ramadan start in 2017? Ramadan Bairam in 2017
As we have said, Ramadan is the month immediately following the month of Shaabat. It is determined according to the phases of the moon and is the ninth month of the year. In 2017, Ramadan Bairam begins on May 27 and ends on June 25, respectively.
Traditions of Ramadan
Throughout the month, faithful Muslims pray and adhere to strict fasting. They try more than usual to do good deeds and cleanse themselves of filth. Moreover, in addition to abstaining from food, Muslims also refuse intimacy with their wives.
Uraza Bayram in 2017
This is the second most important holiday for the adherents of Islam. Muslims on this day rejoice that Allah has given them the opportunity for spiritual growth - the whole month of Ramadan and analyze the results of the past fast.
Date of Uraza Bayram
At the end of the month of Ramadan, namely on June 26, the Muslim people celebrate the holiday of Uraza Bayram, or as it is also called Eid ul-Fitr.
Traditions of the holiday of Uraza Bayram
At the end of the fast, they roll up a loud, rich and joyful holiday with no less generous treats. It is necessary to celebrate the holiday strictly in family circle and a restaurant or cafe is not welcome. The first thing they do on this day is put on festive clothes and go to the mosque, but only men do this, and women at this time prepare treats and house for the celebration. After a family meal and prayer, many go to visit their relatives and friends, while others, accordingly, invite everyone to visit them. They also continue to serve alms, sometimes this is a treat from the table, but most often a monetary alms. Do not forget to visit the cemetery where relatives are buried.
The night of power and predestination (Lailatul-qadr) in 2017 - June 21
In Islam, this is the main and most powerful night when you can ask for everything and the Almighty will fulfill it. And all because, according to legend, it was on this night that the Koran was sent down to earth, therefore, every year, according to the teachings of Muslims, Allah shows special mercy and blessings.
Date of Laylatul-qadr holiday
The date of the holiday is usually different, since it comes ten days before the end of the month of Ramadan, and, accordingly, depends on the phase of the moon. In 2017, Laylatul-qadr is celebrated on June 21st. It is worth noting that they have one feature, because during this period usually good weather everything is calm and not even a single star falls from the sky.
Traditions of Laylatul-qadr
It is advisable not to sleep at all that night, or very little, which Muslims do. It is better to devote free time to prayer or for forgiveness, or for blessing, everyone has their own needs. Also, if on some day a Muslim missed any prayer or prayer, that night he can perform them. It is imperative to spend time analyzing the whole year, drawing conclusions from your actions and the actions of other people. The menu for this day and the previous one should also be lighter and leaner, because, according to them, heavy food does not pull you to the prayer mat, but makes you sleepy.
Kurban Bayram in 2017 - September 1
This is the second holiday that Muhammad commanded to celebrate and is the second largest holiday after Ramadan Bairam. It is also called the Feast of Sacrifice, and Kurban Bayram, and Eid al-Adha. The holiday symbolizes the absolute, pure and sincere faith in the Almighty, unity with him and approach.
Date Kurban Bayram 2017
They remember the holiday in the month of Zul-Hijjah on the 10th, that is, in 2017 Kurban Bayram is celebrated on September 1st. All Muslims adhere to the lunar calendar, as a result of which all holidays are slightly shifted.
Traditions on Eid al-Adha
As on Ramadan Bayram, fasting is observed just before the holiday, however, its difference lies in the fact that it lasts not 30 days, but 10. Then, at the end of it, Muslims also perform a ritual of ablution in the morning, put on clean clothes and men go to the mosque. Moreover, since morning nobody eats anything. Also during the day, everyone goes to preach, but in the evening they slaughter a sacrificial animal and cook festive table. The slaughtered cattle are usually eaten in the family circle and be sure to leave a part for the poor, food or money is also collected for them. In general, the holiday should be held in an atmosphere of kindness and sacrifice, and therefore whoever asks for help on this day cannot be refused.
Arafat Day in 2017 - August 31
According to legend, it was at the foot of Mount Arafat that Adam and Eve met after they were expelled from paradise. It is believed that on this day the significance and weight of deeds doubles, that is, if you have done a good deed, then the reward will be tantamount to helping two people, not one. The same applies to the bad ones, the punishment for them will be doubly stronger.
Holiday date Arafat day 2017
The day of Arafat is celebrated on the 9th day of the month of Zul-Hijja, in the lunar calendar used by Muslims, it is the twelfth. Therefore, in 2017, Arafat Day is celebrated on August 31.
Holiday traditions
Basically, on this day, Muslims tend to get to Mount Arafat in order to make a pilgrimage to holy places and, of course, to pray. Most believers turn to Allah for the forgiveness of sins. However, we all understand that not everyone manages to get to the mountain, so those who did not succeed try to do as many good deeds as possible and pray at home.
Ashura Day in 2017 - October 1
Ashura Day can be called a unique holiday, since at this time the Earth, the first man, heaven and angels were created. In addition, it was on this night that the Prophet Muhammad received most of his revelations.
Day of Ashura - date for 2017
According to the Muslim calendar, this is always the 10th day of the month of Muharram. At the same time, just before the holiday, another fast is observed, which lasts 2-3 days. So, in 2017 Ashura Day is celebrated on October 1st.
Holiday traditions
Since one of the prophets of Islam, Hussein, died on this day, the Day of Ashura can rather be called mourning. According to tradition, every time Muslims carry out a procession dedicated to him. In many cultural institutions, they try to tell visitors about the life of the prophet - these are theatrical performances, stories, songs, concerts, and so on.
Arbain in 2017 - November 9
This day is also dedicated to the Prophet Hussein - this is a commemoration that is held for 40 days of mourning after his death. This day commemorates the heroism and courage of Hussein, who was able to resist the usurpers Omeida and Abbasids.
Date of Arbain holiday
From the description and meaning of the holiday, one can guess that it is celebrated on the fortieth day after the Ashura Day holiday. This event usually falls on the 20th day of the Safar month, that is, in 2017 we will celebrate Arbain on November 9th.
Holiday traditions
Many call this day one of the most massive gatherings of people. Muslims in Arbain arrange a pilgrimage to holy places, and the most important part of the program is the reading of suras at the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina. This tradition got its name - Ziyarat, also this part of the ceremony includes the obligatory decoration of the tomb and sacrifices. In addition, every self-respecting Muslim tries on this day to show his kindness and help those in need: give alms, food, money, and so on.
Muslim New Year in 2017 (Hijri New Year)
This is the day it starts moon calendar at the Muslims. Despite many differences in terms of traditions on this holiday, they still have something in common with us. According to popular belief As you spend the month of Muharram, the whole year will pass.
Holiday date Muslim New Year
The Muslim New Year is celebrated on the 1st of the Muslim month of Muharram. In 2017, it is September 22nd. Although this holiday is considered the New Year in Islam, official holidays it is not included and is not marked as it is done with us.
Holiday traditions
There are no special traditions, as you already understood, on this day. Usually, a special fast is observed throughout the month - As-saum. According to the canons of Islam, it is forbidden to eat and drink during daylight hours, various entertainments, incense, bathing, smoking and sexual intimacy. At night, all prohibitions are lifted, however, many clergy advise against allowing yourself too much.
Juma holiday
Juma is a day that is specially allocated by Allah and is dedicated to the Muslim community. It is believed that on this day Adam was created, introduced into paradise, and in the future it is on Juma that, according to Muslim prophecies, the Last Judgment falls.
Date of Juma holiday
Juma does not have a fixed date, as it is the same as Sunday in our understanding. This holiday occurs every Friday of every week.
Holiday traditions
As we have already mentioned that Juma was established in honor of the Muslim community. That is, so that all believers on this day always gather and perform the Friday Juma prayer, which, in fact, Muslims do to this day. Also, many believe that all good deeds done on this day will be more appreciated, which means that the reward is doubled.
Safar has no less virtues and advantages than other months of the year, and Allah also favorably accepts prayers, dua (supplications) and other pious deeds performed in this month, as in other months.
prejudice
The month of Safar, in pre-Islamic times, people considered sinister, especially its first 13 days - they tried not to marry and in every possible way protected themselves and their families from the possible approach of evil and troubles.
With the advent of the Prophet Muhammad, all bad omens and omens, as contrary to the teachings of Islam, were abolished. Although, many people still mistakenly associate all disasters - illnesses, curses, business failures and other misfortunes with the onset of the month of Safar.
The Prophet said: "All the months are the months of Allah, all the days are the days of Allah." Based on this, any day, week, month, depending on the will of Allah, can be bad and good - if a person sins at this time, he will be punished by Allah, and if he does good deeds, then time will be successful for him.
Pilgrims arriving for Hajj in Mecca perform prayers in Medina Refute the erroneous idea of the month of Safar and the historical events of Islamic society. For example, the beloved daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, Fatima, married Ali in the month of Safar.
Thus, according to Islam, there is no season or month that is considered inauspicious. In addition, the Night of the Prophet's Migration from Mecca to Medina is celebrated in the month of Safar.
Relocation Night
The night of the Hijra (translated from Arabic as “migration”), which is set to commemorate the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later called Medina), falls on the 27th day of the month of Safar. According to the Gregorian calendar in 2017, this night falls on November 16th.
The adherents of Islam at that time in Mecca were greatly oppressed, and the believers asked the prophet to move to another place where they could live freely, pray and preach. The Messenger of Allah pointed to the city of Yathrib, where the Jewish and Arab tribes, who were always at war with each other, lived, who hoped that the appearance of the prophet next to them would put an end to their strife, and the long-awaited peace would come.
Muslims pray at the Kaaba, an Islamic shrine in the Great Mosque in the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. This is one of the main places that, according to the Koranic prescriptions, gathers pilgrims during the Hajj. For four months, while the prophet and his closest associates remained in Mecca, the Muslim community and the brotherhood of Muhajirs (settlers) grew in Medina.
The enemies of the prophet in Mecca, meanwhile, plotted and wanted to kill him. According to legend, Allah revealed to Muhammad their evil intent and commanded that that night to perform Hijra. Having overcome many difficulties, the prophet reached Medina, where he was met by overjoyed co-religionists.
Since that time, Islam began to spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, and the night of Muhammad's exit from Mecca marked the beginning of a new chronology - the lunar Muslim calendar, according to which the Muslim world lives today.
The year of the Muslim migration to Medina (according to the Christian calendar - 622 AD) is considered the beginning of the Muslim era.
Pilgrims in MeccaThe new Muslim chronology, in which the starting point was the day of the exodus of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, was introduced in 638 by one of his close associates and the second Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab.
What does Safar mean?
The very name of the month is associated with two beliefs that have ancient roots. According to one of them, the month was named so because of the desolation (isfaar) of Mecca, that is, all the inhabitants left it when they traveled during this month.
According to another, the name of the month Safar is associated with yellow, as it comes in the midst of the autumn season, when the season of yellow leaves dominated nature.
The literary translation of the word “safar” is also associated with a natural phenomenon and literally means “the whistling breath of the wind”, suggesting the state of the weather this month.
Pilgrims in the city of Medina The name of the month is associated with another fact. Some sources say that at this time they usually raided other tribes, and left those with whom they clashed without property (sifran min al-mataa) - that is, they appropriated everything that belonged to them and left them with nothing. how.
hijri day
Safar is preceded by the holy month of Muharram, on the first day of which the new Hijri year 1439 began. Ras as Sanaa (Hijri Day) in 2017 falls on September 21 according to the Gregorian calendar.
It is not customary for Muslims to celebrate the onset of the Lunar New Year in a special way. On this day, a sermon is read in mosques dedicated to the moving of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
The Cathedral Mosque in St. Petersburg Muslims spend the first day of the month of Muharram in prayer, as they are sure that if they pray diligently during this period for the forgiveness of sins and do good deeds, God's blessing will descend on them and the rest of the year will be prosperous.
The first 10 days of the new year are revered in the Muslim world as blessed for all good undertakings. At this time, it is customary to play weddings, start building houses and make plans for the future.
The month of Muharram itself - along with the months of Rajab, Zul Qaada and Zul Hija - every Muslim should try to spend in the service of the Almighty, who forbade conflicts, blood feuds, wars and so on for this time.
One of the sayings of Muhammad says: "Muharram is the best for fasting after the month of Ramadan." Another saying says: "He who fasts one day in the month of Muharram is rewarded as for 30 fasts." According to another saying, a great reward awaits a Muslim who fasts on Thursday, Friday and Sunday of the month of Muharram.
Heydar Mosque in Baku Fasting during the holy month of Muharram, as well as fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, consists in refusing food during daylight hours, in spiritual purification, in devoting oneself to prayers, repentance and worship.
Creation of heaven
The tenth day of the month of Muharram is the Day of Ashura, on which, according to the Qur'an, the creation of Heaven, Earth, angels, the first man, Adam, falls. On the same day, the end of the world is also expected.
Therefore, on this day, as well as on the 9th and 11th months of Muharram, it is advisable to fast and give alms. On this day, the prophet Ibrahim was born, the prophet Isa ascended to heaven, the prophet Musa was saved from the persecution of the pharaoh, the ship of Nuh moored to Mount Judi after the flood, and so on.
Fasting on the day of Ashura, according to one of the hadiths, cleanses a Muslim from sins for the previous and subsequent years, and for a grain of alms (sadaqa) on the day of Ashura, Allah Almighty will give a reward equal to Mount Uhud. So, on the Day of Ashura, they distribute sadaqah, make children and loved ones happy, read the Koran and do other charitable deeds.
Rabi al awwal
According to the lunar calendar, Safar will replace the month, which in Arabic is called Rabi al Awwal, which means the beginning of spring.
In the Muslim calendar, it occupies a special place, since the Messenger of Allah - the Prophet Muhammad was born on the 12th day of the month of Rabi al Awwal.
Revealed KoranThe birth of Muhammad began to be celebrated only 300 years after the advent of Islam. According to tradition, the prophet was born around 570 AD in Mecca. However, the exact date of his birth remained unknown, therefore, in Islam, the holiday of birth is actually timed to coincide with the date of the death of Muhammad, because death, according to Islam, is nothing more than birth for eternal life.
On the days of celebrating the birthday of the prophet, everyone should read prayers dedicated to Muhammad, both in the mosque and at home, but visiting the grave of the Messenger of Allah in Medina and praying in his mosque is considered the most pious deed.
At this time, it is customary to express joy over the arrival of Muhammad, whom Muslims consider the last messenger of God, to this world, and give thanks to the Almighty for this, turn to Allah with prayers, distribute alms to the poor and conduct pious conversations with each other.
Material prepared on the basis of open sources
This year 2017 Muslim holidays are presented in the Islamic Hijri calendar for each month, with the days of the celebrations, which you will find below on the page.
It is important to know why there are so few holidays in the Muslim calendar, and all because at one time the Prophet Muhammad did not allow his followers to celebrate non-Muslim holidays, take part in them and classify them as Islamic holidays.
When a faithful Muslim takes part in a religious Islamic holiday, he thereby joins the rite of his religion, which he holds, honors and which completely suits him.
What holiday do Muslims have in 2017 - which by months
Around that time, Muslims had two great holidays at once - Conversation (Uraza-Bayram), which begins immediately after the fast of Ramadan and Sacrifice (Kurban-Bayram), marked by the end of the Hajj (pilgrimage of faithful Muslims for prayers and worship of shrines to Islamic Mecca).
Initially, other Muslim dates were not taken into account and were considered significant holidays Islam. Therefore, there were no solemn events on their occasion.
At the same time, it is worth noting that at about the same time special places were allocated in the Muslim calendar, for such solemn days, How:
- Juma - Namaz (Friday prayer among faithful Muslims) is one of the most favorite days of the week for Muslims, and Juma begins after sunset on Thursday and continues until sunset on Friday.
Ashura is a day of mourning, remembrance and voluntary fasting.
- The day of Arafat is the last day of the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca), when the faithful visit the holy mountain Arafat and pray there.
- Night of Predestination - on this night they read the Koran, pray and ask for forgiveness for their sins
These holidays for the Muslim world were predestined not as a time for fun, but as days for diligent worship of the Lord God.
All other festivals in Islam are considered memorable dates.
What is quite unusual, although not at all surprising - given the direction of the Islamic religion, the attitude of Muslims to the celebration of holidays is not at all familiar, for example, to Christians or Catholics.
If for some people professing a religion other than Islam, some religious holiday is considered an occasion to have fun and escape from everyday life, then for Muslims any celebration is just another reason to increase their good deeds, which, according to the faith of Islam, they will be credited on the Day of Judgment, compared with their bad deeds and deeds.
The days of the celebrations of some holidays among Muslims give them an extra incentive for more diligent service to Allah. So, the inhabitants of Muslim countries, on their sacred days and nights, read certain prayers of the Koran and perform ritual prayers, and they also strive to please their loved ones and relatives, relatives and even strangers.
It is customary for devout Muslims to visit each other on the days of the celebration of some kind of triumph of Islam - to visit each other, invite guests to their house, lay a rich table, give donations to those in need of help, give gifts.
Religious Muslim holidays in 2017 will be celebrated according to the lunar Islamic calendar and in strict accordance with the Hijra. Due to the fact that Islamic holidays are "tied" to the lunar calendar, every year they shift by about 11 days.
It should be noted that initially the word "Hijra" meant a pilgrimage - a journey from Mecca to Medina.
The year of the end of the Hijra - in the Muslim calendar became the first and it was from this moment that the modern history of Islam began.
It is also important to remember that the countdown of the day in the Islamic calendar is not from the moment of sunrise, but from its sunset.
Thus, the night of the new day among Muslims is the previous day.
Navruz in 2017 - March 21
Navruz cannot be called a religious holiday - it is rather a national holiday and it is dedicated to the spring equinox. Usually, people on this day remembered the dead, in addition, the Zoroastrians on Navruz worshiped the forces of fire, which, in turn, considered the life energy sent to us in this way by heaven.
Date of Navruz holiday in 2017
Every year it is the same and does not differ from the previous ones, and therefore Navruz in 2017 is celebrated on March 21. For many years of the existence of this celebration, it was either canceled or reintroduced, and even today it is celebrated only in Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Turkey, Kazakhstan. But the Arabs do not celebrate Navruz at all. But the duration of the holiday in each country is different. In some states it is celebrated from March 21 to 23, and in others even for 6 days, that is, from the 21st to the 27th. In these countries, Navruz is one of the most popular holidays and is revered not only as a day of spring, but also as a New Year.
Navruz traditions
According to the legends, Navruz should be fun and, as is customary in many countries, it is considered that one cannot work. On the night of the 20th to the 21st, Muslims gather with the whole family together and they begin to celebrate. Moreover, according to beliefs, if you spend this day outside the house, then you won’t see it at all all year round, and therefore they used to try not to leave their homes and have fun with their relatives. In addition to traditional sweets (shekerbura, baklava, badamburoy, gogal) and pilaf, seven dishes are always prepared that begin with the letter “s” (sabzi, seed, skad, sumakh, sirke, and so on)
Night of Baraat in 2017 - May 11
This is a sacred night in Muslim culture, which is celebrated in the Hijri month of Shaaban. According to the sages, the month of Ramadan is a time for harvesting fruits for one's good deeds, but Shaaban, on the contrary, is the period when it is necessary to sow them. Days 14 and 15 are considered turning points when it is necessary to pray and fast.
Date of the Holy Night of Baraat
Every year it is different and is determined quite simply - for Muslims it is always the night from the 14th to the 15th of the month of Shaaban. In 2017, Baraat Night is celebrated on May 11th. This day is not only a symbol of goodness and philanthropy, but also a holiday of forgiveness of sins, correction and purification.
Traditions on the Night of Baraat
Muslims pray all night for the forgiveness of sins, and in the morning they perform a ritual of ablution. They prepare for this day carefully - they wash their clothes white, or simply buy new white ones, clean the house, wash everything and get rid of rubbish. And after the rite of washing, they put on a clean robe and go to breakfast, where the head of the family says a prayer. At the same time, the table must be necessarily low and it is called dastarkhan. Festive dishes are usually light, they try to serve more vegetables, since from this day intensive preparations for the month of Ramadan begin.
Ramadan in 2017 - from May 27 to June 25
Ramadan is not one day, but a whole month, which Muslims sacredly honor and observe a strict fast all this time. According to all adherents of Islam, the month of Ramadan is considered one of the five pillars on which, in principle, their faith rests.
When does Ramadan start in 2017? Ramadan Bairam in 2017
As we have said, Ramadan is the month immediately following the month of Shaabat. It is determined according to the phases of the moon and is the ninth month of the year. In 2017, Ramadan Bairam begins on May 27 and ends on June 25, respectively.
Traditions of Ramadan
Throughout the month, faithful Muslims pray and adhere to strict fasting. They try more than usual to do good deeds and cleanse themselves of filth. Moreover, in addition to abstaining from food, Muslims also refuse intimacy with their wives.
Uraza Bayram in 2017
This is the second most important holiday for the adherents of Islam. Muslims on this day rejoice that Allah has given them the opportunity for spiritual growth - the whole month of Ramadan and analyze the results of the past fast.
Date of Uraza Bayram
At the end of the month of Ramadan, namely on June 26, the Muslim people celebrate the holiday of Uraza Bayram, or as it is also called Eid ul-Fitr.
Traditions of the holiday of Uraza Bayram
At the end of the fast, they roll up a loud, rich and joyful holiday with no less generous treats. It is necessary to celebrate the holiday strictly in the family circle, and a restaurant or cafe is not welcome. The first thing they do on this day is to put on festive clothes and go to the mosque, but only men do this, and women at this time prepare treats and house for the celebration. After a family meal and prayer, many go to visit their relatives and friends, while others, accordingly, invite everyone to visit them. They also continue to serve alms, sometimes this is a treat from the table, but most often a monetary alms. Do not forget to visit the cemetery where relatives are buried.
Night of Power and Predestination (Lailatul-qadr) in 2017 - June 21
In Islam, this is the main and most powerful night when you can ask for everything and the Almighty will fulfill it. And all because, according to legend, it was on this night that the Koran was sent down to earth, therefore, every year, according to the teachings of Muslims, Allah shows special mercy and blessings.
Date of Laylatul-qadr holiday
The date of the holiday is usually different, since it comes ten days before the end of the month of Ramadan, and, accordingly, depends on the phase of the moon. In 2017, Laylatul-qadr is celebrated on June 21st. It is worth noting that it has one feature, because during this period the weather is usually good, everything is calm and not even a single star falls from the sky.
Traditions of Laylatul-qadr
It is advisable not to sleep at all that night, or very little, which Muslims do. It is better to devote free time to prayer or for forgiveness, or for blessing, everyone has their own needs. Also, if on some day a Muslim missed any prayer or prayer, that night he can perform them. It is imperative to spend time analyzing the whole year, drawing conclusions from your actions and the actions of other people. The menu for this day and the previous one should also be lighter and leaner, because, according to them, heavy food does not pull you to the prayer mat, but makes you sleepy.
Kurban Bayram in 2017 - September 1
This is the second holiday that Muhammad commanded to celebrate and is the second largest holiday after Ramadan Bairam. It is also called the Feast of Sacrifice, and Kurban Bayram, and Eid al-Adha. The holiday symbolizes the absolute, pure and sincere faith in the Almighty, unity with him and approach.
Date Kurban Bayram 2017
They remember the holiday in the month of Zul-Hijjah on the 10th, that is, in 2017 Kurban Bayram is celebrated on September 1st. All Muslims adhere to the lunar calendar, as a result of which all holidays are slightly shifted.
Traditions on Eid al-Adha
As on Ramadan Bayram, fasting is observed just before the holiday, however, its difference lies in the fact that it lasts not 30 days, but 10. Then, at the end of it, Muslims also perform a ritual of ablution in the morning, put on clean clothes and men go to the mosque. Moreover, since morning nobody eats anything. Also during the day, everyone goes to preach, but in the evening they slaughter a sacrificial animal and prepare a festive table. The slaughtered cattle are usually eaten in the family circle and be sure to leave a part for the poor, food or money is also collected for them. In general, the holiday should be held in an atmosphere of kindness and sacrifice, and therefore whoever asks for help on this day cannot be refused.
Arafat Day in 2017 - August 31
According to legend, it was at the foot of Mount Arafat that Adam and Eve met after they were expelled from paradise. It is believed that on this day the significance and weight of deeds doubles, that is, if you have done a good deed, then the reward will be tantamount to helping two people, not one. The same applies to the bad ones, the punishment for them will be doubly stronger.
Holiday date Arafat day 2017
The day of Arafat is celebrated on the 9th day of the month of Zul-Hijja, in the lunar calendar used by Muslims, it is the twelfth. Therefore, in 2017, Arafat Day is celebrated on August 31.
Holiday traditions
Basically, on this day, Muslims tend to get to Mount Arafat in order to make a pilgrimage to holy places and, of course, to pray. Most believers turn to Allah for the forgiveness of sins. However, we all understand that not everyone manages to get to the mountain, so those who did not succeed try to do as many good deeds as possible and pray at home.
Ashura Day in 2017 - October 1
Ashura Day can be called a unique holiday, since at this time the Earth, the first man, heaven and angels were created. In addition, it was on this night that the Prophet Muhammad received most of his revelations.
Day of Ashura - date for 2017
According to the Muslim calendar, this is always the 10th day of the month of Muharram. At the same time, just before the holiday, another fast is observed, which lasts 2-3 days. So, in 2017 Ashura Day is celebrated on October 1st.
Holiday traditions
Since one of the prophets of Islam, Hussein, died on this day, the Day of Ashura can rather be called mourning. According to tradition, every time Muslims carry out a procession dedicated to him. In many cultural institutions, they try to tell visitors about the life of the prophet - these are theatrical performances, stories, songs, concerts, and so on.
Arbain in 2017 - November 9
This day is also dedicated to the Prophet Hussein - this is a commemoration that is held for 40 days of mourning after his death. This day commemorates the heroism and courage of Hussein, who was able to resist the usurpers Omeida and Abbasids.
Date of Arbain holiday
From the description and meaning of the holiday, one can guess that it is celebrated on the fortieth day after the Ashura Day holiday. This event usually falls on the 20th day of the Safar month, that is, in 2017 we will celebrate Arbain on November 9th.
Holiday traditions
Many call this day one of the most massive gatherings of people. Muslims in Arbain arrange a pilgrimage to holy places, and the most important part of the program is the reading of suras at the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina. This tradition got its name - Ziyarat, also this part of the ceremony includes the obligatory decoration of the tomb and sacrifices. In addition, every self-respecting Muslim tries on this day to show his kindness and help those in need: give alms, food, money, and so on.
Miraj in 2017 - April 25
The Miraj holiday is dedicated to the dream of Muhammad, when the archangel Jabrail raised him to heaven. According to legend, Allah then showed him both hell and paradise, and then allowed him to stand before his throne. Also in this dream, Muhammad had the opportunity to communicate with other prophets.
Date of Miraj
On April 25, 2017, all Muslims will celebrate the Miraj holiday. If we talk about the lunar calendar and Islamic traditions, then they celebrate it on the 27th of the month of Rajab.
Holiday traditions
It is noteworthy that in different cities traditions and rituals may differ slightly. For example, in some it is customary to eat as always, but in others, on the contrary, to abstain completely, and still others, perhaps, just try to eat vegetable diet dishes. However, they are united by one tradition, which is observed everywhere. After sunset, every Muslim family sets up a rich table with an abundance of meat and fish dishes, and be sure to invite relatives and close friends. Hands are washed before and after the meal, and guests are served a special bowl of water for this, so that they perform this ceremony. Before the start of dinner, Muslims say: "O Allah, bless this food and save us from hell." But at the end: “Thanks be to Allah, who sent us food, drink and made us Muslims.” Only the head of the family and the owner of the house should start the meal, and after that everyone else.
Juma holiday
Juma is a day that is specially allocated by Allah and dedicated to the Muslim community. It is believed that on this day Adam was created, introduced into paradise, and in the future it is on Juma that, according to Muslim prophecies, the Last Judgment falls.
Date of Juma holiday
Juma does not have a fixed date, as it is the same as Sunday in our understanding. This holiday occurs every Friday of every week.
Holiday traditions
As we have already mentioned that Juma was established in honor of the Muslim community. That is, so that all believers on this day always gather and perform the Friday Juma prayer, which, in fact, Muslims do to this day. Also, many believe that all good deeds done on this day will be more highly valued, which means that the reward for doubles.
Muslim New Year in 2017 (Hijri New Year)
It is from this day that the Muslim lunar calendar begins. Despite many differences in terms of traditions on this holiday, they still have something in common with us. According to popular belief, as you spend the month of Muharram, so the whole year will pass.
Holiday date Muslim New Year
The Muslim New Year is celebrated on the 1st of the Muslim month of Muharram. In 2017, it is September 22nd. Although this holiday is considered the New Year in Islam, it is not included in the number of official holidays and is not celebrated as it is done in our country.
Holiday traditions
There are no special traditions, as you already understood, on this day. Usually, a special fast is observed all month - As-saum. According to the canons of Islam, it is forbidden to eat and drink during daylight hours, various entertainments, incense, bathing, smoking and sexual intimacy. At night, all prohibitions are lifted, however, many clergy advise against allowing yourself too much.
The Islamic calendar is the lunar calendar used in Islam to determine the dates of religious holidays. 2017 according to the Muslim calendar is 1438 Hijri. The editors publish a calendar of holy days for Muslims.
In 2017, Raghaib Night falls on March 30th.
It is believed that the name of this night was given by angels. This year, Raghaib Night falls on March 30th. On this night, dua is accepted, and an incalculable reward will be given for performed prayers, fasting and sadaqah. This night, according to the clergy, is desirable to spend in worship, performing nafil prayers, reading the Koran and dhikrs, and also asking for forgiveness for the sins committed. Before the onset of this night, that is, on Thursday, it is advisable to fast.
On the night of April 23, the Muslim world celebrates the Miraj holiday - the journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to heaven.
On this day, after the obligatory night prayer, it is customary to perform a special prayer in honor of this event.
The Holy Night of Baraat (Night of cleansing from sins) is celebrated by believers on the night of May 10.
Theologians say that this is the second most important holy night in Islam after Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Destiny). The word "baraat" is translated from Arabic as innocence, innocence, purity, liberation. According to Islamic tradition, on this night God shows mercy to all people, except for adherents of polytheism and those in whose hearts there is malice. Muslims treat this night with special trepidation, devote it to prayers, asking Allah for mercy and forgiveness. Some interpreters of the Book of Allah believe that the Quran was sent down on the Night of Qadr, while others believe that the Holy Book was sent down in its entirety to the firmament of the earth on the Night of Baraat.
The night of Laylat al-Qadr, or the Night of Power and Predestination, will come in 2017 on the night of June 21.
According to sources, Laylat al-Qadr is the night when angels descend to earth, and the prayer said on this night has much greater power than all the prayers in the year. This is the night when the fate of every person, his life path, difficulties and trials to be passed are predetermined in heaven, and if you spend this night in prayers, in understanding your deeds and possible mistakes, then Allah will forgive him sins and be merciful. Therefore, Laylat al-Qadr is usually held in the mosque. It is also believed that at this time all evil recedes from people - the night is filled with goodness and peace.
The holiday of the end of the fast - Oraza Ait will be held on June 25.
The tradition of charitable offerings (alms) is very important, when food or money is collected for the needy. It is believed that it is equally important before the holiday to ask for forgiveness from those to whom you are guilty and, in turn, forgive everyone.
Arafah Day is celebrated on August 31st.
According to theologians, this is the most valuable day of the year. For doing good deeds on this day, the reward increases many times over, as well as the amount of punishment for sins.
Kurban Ait in 2017 falls on September 1.
The Feast of the Sacrifice is one of the two great holidays in Islam, celebrated on the tenth day of the twelfth month. Muslim calendar- Zul-Hijjah. The essence of the holiday is to approach God, turning to him. The very word "Kurban" in the Muslim tradition means approaching. According to tradition, during the days of Kurban Ait, a believer should show love and mercy to his neighbors, help those in need. One third of the meat of the sacrificial animal is given to the poor as alms.
September 2, 3 and 4 are the days of Tashriq.
On these holidays, theologians advise Muslims to increase their reading of the Koran, dhikrs and takbirs many times over. Scientists divide takbirs into two groups.
Muslims will celebrate New Year 1439 Hijri on September 21st.
The Islamic chronology begins its countdown with the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later called Medina). Hijra, which in Arabic means resettlement, is an Islamic calendar compiled in accordance with the Koran, and its strict observance is the sacred duty of every Muslim. The Muslim Hijri calendar is based on the lunar annual cycle. lunar year shorter than the solar one and is 354-355 days, and therefore from year to year there is a kind of shift of the solar calendar from the lunar calendar by 11-12 days. The months of the Hijri are in no way tied to the seasons and seasonal work, so New Year can begin at different times of the year - in summer, and in autumn, and in winter.
Ashura Day in 2017 falls on September 30th.
On this day, according to the Koran, the creation of heaven, earth, angels, the first man - Adam. On the Day of Ashura, believers give thanks to God. In addition, it is customary to do as many good deeds as possible on this holiday.
