What do we know about paper? How much do we know about paper? Interesting facts about paper in business and financial transactions
Marina Voronova
"What do we know about paper?" Synopsis of GCD on the development of cognition in children of the preparatory group.
"What we know about paper?»
Synopsis of GCD on the development of knowledge
Target: Give basic knowledge of the invention paper. Learn to distinguish things made from paper, to determine its quality to the touch, smoothness, strength, thickness) Help children, using a variety of experiments, determine the properties paper. Learn analyze children to make simple inferences. Develop observation, attention. Activate in speech children words denoting properties paper. Note children the need for careful use paper, cultivate respect for nature.
preliminary work:
Conversations, looking at illustrations about making paper;
Looking at items made from paper.
Material: Stones, wooden planks, gouache, paper, pencils, sharp sticks, a bowl of water, different types paper, books, a box of matches, scissors, a notebook, plates with sunflower oil, pipettes, coins, mugs from paper, threads, needles. (all material is laid out on separate tables. The amount of material corresponds to the amount children).
I invite you guys to guess riddle:
Glue the ship, soldier,
Locomotive, car, sword.
Help you guys
Multicolored.
(paper)
Yes guys, today we are going to talk about paper.
See what's on my table? These are stone, wooden planks and leaf paper. What do they have in common? Try to draw lines on the stone with gouache, scratch the letters on the board and write them with a pencil on paper. Previously, people used all these materials in order to transmit written messages to each other. First they painted on stones, then they wrote on wood. First paper originated in China. - Long ago, two thousand years ago, the Chinese people invented paper. And other peoples from distant countries bought from them paper like the greatest treasure. But time passed. People not only traded, but also fought. And then one day the Arab troops defeated the Chinese army and captured the prisoners. From captured Chinese, the Arabs tried out a method of making paper. Gradually, the Chinese secret ceased to be a secret, and all over the world people learned to do paper according to the Chinese way, but the Chinese did paper by hand. In our modern time machines make paper.
Look around and name the items you used to make. paper. How often and for what purposes do we need this material? (napkins, wallpaper, toilet paper, postcards, books, magazines, newspapers, boxes, notebooks, etc.)
And now I invite you to play game: Imagine that the paper is gone. How will your life change in this case? Can you replace something paper? (answers children) .
Paper made up of cellulose fibres. Cellulose is a substance found in all plants, trees, cotton, rice, corn stalks, etc. paper made in special plants. They are called cellulose paper. But first, trees are cut down in the forest. The logs are taken to the factory. Here they are cleaned of bark and ground into small pieces - they are crushed in a machine (crusher). The resulting crumb is mixed with a special liquid, turning it into a soft mass. She goes to manufacture paper.
Guys we are with you we know, what very big amount we use paper in life that without paper very difficult for a person. And in order not to cut trees in vain in the forest, we need to be more careful with paper. It is more economical to use it in our everyday life: do not throw away the read books and magazines, but ask your parents to hand them over to waste paper, where paper will get a second life.
And now we are with you learn what happens paper. Pick up different paper. What can you say about her, what is she like? (Children take turns trying touch paper, determine it by touch and describe its properties). paper? We are now learn.
Experience 1:
Take three paper strips of the same width and length. You don't need to do anything with the first strip. In the second - make an incision anywhere, and the third - moisten with water. Now tear them apart one by one, stretching in different directions. The hardest thing, as you understand, is to break (kissed, cut, wet) strip. (Children choose the correct answer themselves).
The torn end of the strip is smooth, even only at the place of the incision. Most curved in wet area. Everywhere, except for the place of the incision, villi are visible, directed in different directions. The conducted experiment confirms the fibrous structure paper. In many notebooks, the blank pages for notes at the top have even punctures along the entire page. They are specially made so that you can quickly and accurately tear out the desired sheet. Water also contributes to tearing paper: she softens it.
We have learned that fragile paper. Can paper to become stronger? To do this, we will carry out the following experiment.
Experience 2:
Between two stacks of books of the same height, standing close to each other, put a smooth paper strip covering the entire interval. If now put on paper full of matches, then under its weight paper the strip will bend and the box will fall on the table. Think about changing the shape paper strip so that under the weight of the box it does not bend, and the boxes do not fall (answers children) . Guessed to make from a strip "accordion""? Put it between stacks of books. The strip has become shorter, but reliably withstands the same weight without bending. Folded in "accordion" strip paper becomes stronger and can withstand the load. Well done.
Children, which one of you knows as from opaque make paper transparent? (answers children) For this we need oil.
Experience 3:
Take small squares paper. Look through it. What do you see? Nothing. Now take pipettes, collect oil and put five drops in the center of the square. What can we now say by looking through the oiled square paper? (answers children) .
Fizminutka.
And now we will play a game « paper planes»
(At a signal, the planes fly along group with spread wings and return to "aerodrome". The game is repeated 2-3 times).
Have all planes landed? Now we learn how fast it lands paper.
Experience 4:
Take a coin in one hand and a small one in the other piece of paper. Release them at the same time. The coin will immediately hit the floor, and the paper falls slowly. Simply, air prevents the leaf from falling. Why does air not prevent a coin from falling, the dimensions of which exactly match the dimensions paper mug? Air is not an obstacle for a heavy coin. Another thing is light paper. Do not think that air resistance is always our enemy.
In many cases it is necessary to slow down the fall. french word "parachute" means - "prevent falling") Many lives have been saved with the help of parachutes. With their appearance, even the new kind troops: airborne. If there were no air, the parachute canopy would not be able to slow down the fall and everyone who jumped from the plane would fall to the ground at high speed. It is clear where this would lead.
And now we will make parachutes with our own hands. A dense sheet will help you make a parachute school notebook paper. Bend the corners of the sheet, and bend the corners themselves again. Pierce the folds of the corners with a needle with a thread tied at the end with a thick knot so that it does not pull out. Carefully align the free ends of all threads and tie them with a common knot.
Guys, what did you learn about paper? What did you enjoy doing? I'm sure you are now you will be more careful with paper. The more economically we use this material, the more firs and birches will remain in the forest.
All children are great.
It is hard to imagine our life without printing products, just as hard to imagine a newspaper, magazine or book without paper. No wonder the old printers believed that if the soul of a book is its content, then the body of the book is the paper on which it is printed. "Paper is an invention no less wonderful than printing, for which it serves as the basis. The development of paper production was slow, and its history is covered in darkness," said the famous French writer Honore de Balzac.
Paper is believed to have been invented in China in the 2nd century BC. BC, and already in the 76th year it was used for the manufacture of books. From China, paper penetrated to Japan, and then through Persia - to North Africa, to Cyprus; in 1154 - to Spain and then to a number of other countries. She gradually began to displace the papyrus and other materials used before for writing.
The main operations in the manufacture of paper were boiling, washing and grinding of paper pulp, which was first carried out with hammers in hand mortars, then in foot crushes. In the XIII-XV centuries, mechanical crowds appeared. At the end of the 17th century in Holland, they began to grind paper pulp with knives mounted on metal shafts (rolls) enclosed in a vat. The shredded paper mass, together with water, was loaded into heated vats, from which it was then scooped up in a form consisting of a rectangular frame with a wire mesh attached to it. After excess water drained through the mesh, the mass was laid out on sheets of coarse cloth or felt. A stack of felt sheets with paper pulp was passed through a press to remove residual moisture. The sheets were then glued, dried, hammered, polished and packaged. In 1799, the Frenchman P.L. Robert proposed a mechanized paper ebb on a continuously moving endless grid located above the scoop vat. Later, the first paper machine appeared, consisting of the following main parts: wire, press, dryer, finishing. To obtain certain high-quality types and special-purpose papers, manual casting is still used.
The first paper mills appeared in Moscow, apparently, simultaneously with the beginning of book printing - in the 50-60s of the 16th century. But for the first time, the production of paper suitable for printing was organized in 1716 by Peter I. Until the beginning of the 19th century, paper in Russia was produced by hand. In 1818, one of the first paper machines in Russia, manufactured at Russian factories, was installed at the Peterhof paper mill. In the 1960s, the paper machine already consisted largely of the same parts found in modern machines. Instead of rag raw materials, they began to use wood. Old rolls were gradually replaced by continuous grinders.
The most common method of paper production is "wet", which is usually based on the use of flat- or double-wire paper machines. Such a paper machine consists of a wire, press, dryer parts, a calender (a press consisting of 2-20 shafts between which paper is passed) and a reel (a device for winding paper into a roll). The mesh part has one or two infinitely moving meshes, onto which (in flat mesh machines) or into the gap between which (in double mesh machines) the paper mass diluted with water flows uniformly over their entire width in a continuous stream. During the dehydration of the paper pulp, a paper web is formed, which is then dehydrated in the press section and finally dried in the dryer section of the machine. The press part consists of several two-shaft (sometimes three-shaft) presses, between the shafts of which a paper web (located on a press felt) passes. At the same time, part of the moisture is squeezed out of it. The drying part consists of two-tier batteries of drying rotating cylinders heated from the inside with steam. The raw paper web, passing between the hot surfaces of the cylinders and the drying cloth of each battery, is dried to a moisture content of 5-7%. At the end of the dryer section there is a cooling cylinder (sometimes two) to cool the paper. Then the paper passes through a calender, which gives it a machine-like smoothness, and is wound into a roll on the reel.
Since the 1950s, polymer films and synthetic fibers have been used in paper production, on the basis of which synthetic paper is produced. Such paper is distinguished by high mechanical strength in dry and wet conditions, good stability of linear dimensions when wet, durability, and high elasticity. For paper finishing, supercalenders are used (a system of shafts rotating at different speeds, between which a moistened paper web is passed under pressure), providing a more even, smooth surface and gloss. Such paper is called calendered (glazed) and highly calendered (if it is passed through the supercalender twice). To make the paper glossy (to obtain glazed paper), the paper web is passed through a polishing (or friction) calender, the shafts of which perform a reciprocating rotational movement without exerting much pressure on the paper.
As the main components of the composite composition of paper, plant fibers are used, isolated from coniferous and hardwood wood, from the stems of annual plants, seed pods and leaves of some plants. Depending on the production method, the yield of hemicelluloses (substances similar to cellulose, but with a lower molecular weight) and lignin (encrusting substance), various semi-finished products are obtained: wood pulp, semi-chemical pulp (semi-cellulose), unbleached, bleached and refined pulp.
To reduce hydrophilicity and hygroscopicity (absorption when wetted and absorption of water from the air), paper is glued with hydrophobic (with water-repellent properties) resins and paraffins. To increase strength, smoothness (reduce hairiness), resistance to plucking (sticky ink when printing) and abrasion, surface sizing in size presses with starch, carboxymethylcellulose, and other adhesives is most effective. Sizing is necessary for offset, cartographic, phototype, flyleaf, cover, drawing, writing and other papers that are moistened during printing production (when printing, gluing) or during use. Depending on the degree of gluing, there are weakly glued, glued and highly glued paper. Fillers are introduced into the paper mass - white powdered mineral substances insoluble in water: kaolin, barium sulfate, talc, titanium dioxide, etc. They increase the whiteness, smoothness and opacity of the paper, make it softer, easily deformable (plastic), but also less durable .
An increased content of fillers (ash content) is necessary for paper for letterpress printing, since increased plasticity allows lowering pressure for good printing of the print, and with intaglio printing - for better absorption and reducing the spreading of liquid ink on prints. A white pigment-adhesive composition is applied to the surface of coated paper to obtain high smoothness and gloss, which is necessary in the production of advertising and high-quality illustrated multi-color publications. According to the content of fillers, low-ash, medium-ash, high-ash and high-ash paper are distinguished. Machine-smooth paper with a matte surface is used mainly for printing text or containing line illustrations of publications, and calendered and highly calendered for publications containing tone (raster) illustrations. The most important indicators are the weight of paper with an area of 1 m 2, thickness, density, strength, smoothness, porosity, whiteness, opacity, shade, cost, etc. Sheet and roll paper for printing is produced with an area weight of 40-250 g/m 2 . Below are the characteristics of some types of paper used in publishing and printing.
Typographic(for letterpress printing) - 50-70 g/m 2 , based on wood pulp or with the addition of 20-75% wood pulp, white, low-glued, medium-ash or high-ash content, machine-smooth, calendered or highly calendered. Designed for printing text and illustration-text products. Paper with an area weight of 40-50 g/m 2 , purely cellulose or with a small addition of wood pulp, high ash content, low-glue, calendered, with organic transparency is designed for printing reference books and other books with a large amount of text.
offset- 60-250 g/m 2 , pure pulp or up to 75% wood pulp, white, glued, with good surface resistance to plucking, low deformation when wet, machine smooth or calendered. Designed for printing illustrations and text editions and fine products in offset way.
For gravure printing- 60-220 g/m 2 , pure cellulose, white weakly glued, high-ash, with even closed (finely porous) surface, calendered. Designed for printing illustrations and text publications and visual products.
Newspaper- 45-49 g/m 2 , low-ash, non-glued, machine-smooth, wood pulp predominates in the composition. It is intended for printing newspapers and supplements to them, mass brochures by means of letterpress and offset printing.
Coated- with a pigmented-adhesive cover layer (coated) applied to a fibrous pure cellulose or wood pulp paper - the basis for obtaining a microporous and microrough surface. Distinguish between single- and double-coated paper, with one- and two-sided coating with a coated layer. Designed for printing single- and multi-color graphic products, various illustrative and text publications using letterpress, offset and gravure printing. Variety - thin coated paper 60-70 g / m 2, intended for the publication of mass illustrative and text products by offset and gravure printing.
Cover- lightfast, pure cellulose or with a content of up to 40% wood pulp, glued, low-ash paper with slight shrinkage and curl when moistened on one side, calendered and machine smooth. Designed for making covers (140-200 g/m2) and gluing binding covers (80-120 g/m2).
endpaper- glued, medium ash paper 80-160 g/m 2 , pure pulp, machine-smooth or calendered, characterized by high fracture resistance, limited curl after one-sided moistening. Designed for the manufacture of book endpapers.
Cartographic- 85-160 g/m 2 , composition based on wood pulp and cotton linters (cotton waste), low-ash, glued, machine-smooth or calendered, dry and wet strength, high whiteness. Designed for printing hydro-, topo-, geographical and other maps and atlases in offset way.
writing- 45-80 g/m 2 , pure cellulose (with the addition of cellulose from cotton linters) or containing a small part of the wood pulp, white or colored, glued, machine smooth or calendered. It is intended for the production of forms, unified documentation systems, white paper products, consumer-sized papers, school notebooks, etc.
documentary- based on flax and cotton fibers, low-ash, highly glued, sometimes with watermarks, durable, resistant to mechanical stress. Designed for printing banknotes, bonds, bank checks and other documents.
Poster and ticket- white or colored, low-ash, slightly glued, machine or one-sided smoothness. Designed for printing posters, tickets, subscription coupons, letterheads by letterpress.
Barite(barite) - white or dye-tinted thick paper with a barite (from barium sulphate) coating layer applied to a pure cellulose, low-ash, high-glue base of increased whiteness to improve surface quality. Used as a base for photo paper.
Whatman(whatman paper) - white drawing high-grade manual casting, based on mechanically processed rags (rag semi-mass), with surface sizing. It has a high resistance to abrasion and a rough surface. Designed for drawing work performed in pencil, ink and watercolors.
Velenevaya- white high-grade writing paper. It is used for drawing miniatures, pastel painting, graphic works, improved editions.
Verger- white or colored virgin high-grade with watermarks in the form of closely spaced narrow strips, sometimes crossed, at right angles to the machine direction, with sparsely spaced stripes. Designed for the manufacture of gift editions, as well as endpapers and dust covers of books.
print- paper with limited linear and permanent deformation when moistened. Designed for printing art engravings.
Label- 45-120 g/m 2 , lightly glued or glued, smooth on one or both sides, coated on one side, with limited surface absorbency, linear deformation when moistened and curl when wetted on one side with water. Designed for printing labels in letterpress and offset printing.
kraft paper- a special type of wrapping paper based on very strong, so-called kraft pulp. Differs in high mechanical durability. Designed for wrapping, packaging.
It would seem that what could be more familiar and uninteresting than paper? And here is the lie. There is a lot to be said about paper.
The inventor of paper is the Chinese Cai Lun. He made the first paper from mulberry fiber as early as 105 AD.
Did you know that paper is edible? It is 85% cellulose, a complex carbohydrate. Paper also contains glucose.
Paper pulp as a raw material is produced from coniferous trees.
Worldwide, 350 million tons of paper are produced annually. The leaders in paper production are the United States, in second place - China, in third - Japan. Moscow generates 500,000 tons of paper waste every year.
Previously, the paper had a gray Brown color because it was unbleached. Readers quickly lost their sight because of this. Discovered in the 18th century, chlorine began to be used to bleach paper; this was its first use in industry.
Today it is difficult to imagine our world without paper. It is the most popular packaging material. Not so long ago, almost everything was wrapped in wrapping paper.
Modern production offers mainly artificial materials - polyethylene and cellophane. However, the eco-friendly and practical material paper does not give up its positions. Packaging in the form of paper bags is also used in grocery stores and jewelry stores. In addition, printing on bags can make them an exclusive and stylish product.
By the way, if a date and a signature are put on a piece of paper, this sheet becomes a document.
Lawyers, officials, financiers beat all records in terms of writing paper consumption. In a year, one worker in such a sphere "scribbles" about 20 tree trunks.
In California, they prepared a law according to which paper made from waste paper can be used for office work.
According to statistics in Russia, only 0.1% of paper is produced from recycled materials - waste paper. In Europe, paper from recycled paper accounts for 50% of the total production, and in Japan - 65%.
The toilet paper we use daily is sometimes used for other purposes. Every weekend in many stores in Spain, the demand for this paper increases dramatically. It turns out that it is bought up by football fans who make garlands and ribbons out of it during matches.
An unusual exhibition was held in Moscow women's clothing. Dresses, hats and other ladies' attire were made from toilet paper.
Not only women's "clothes" are made of paper, in 1991 toilet paper was used to camouflage tanks during Operation Desert Storm.
According to one writer, the most the best place for reading - toilet. So he got the idea to publish books by printing them on toilet paper rolls. Such "books" have already been presented at the book fair in Frankfurt.
People say: “Bmaga will endure everything”, “The best carrier of information is paper”, “Without a piece of paper you are a bug, but with a piece of paper you are a person”. Well, maybe this is too categorical, but there is still some truth in these words. Imagine for a moment that there would be no paper in our life .... No writing, no office, no scrap, I'm not talking about toilet paper at all! Nightmare! Do you know when and how the first piece of paper appeared?
Chinese chronicles report that paper was invented in 105 AD. e. Cai Lun, court official of the Han Dynasty. However, in 1957, a tomb was discovered in the Baoqia Cave in the northern province of China, Shanxi, where scraps of sheets of paper were found. The paper was examined and established that it was made in the 2nd century BC.
Before Cai Lun, paper in China was made from hemp, and even earlier from silk, which was made from defective silkworm cocoons.
Cai Lun crushed mulberry fibers, wood ash, rags and hemp. He mixed all this with water and laid out the resulting mass on a mold (wooden frame and bamboo sieve). After drying in the sun, he smoothed this mass with the help of stones. The result is strong sheets of paper.
After Cai Lun's invention, the papermaking process improved rapidly. They began to add starch, glue, natural dyes, etc. to increase strength.
At the beginning of the 7th century, the method of making paper becomes known in Korea and Japan. And after another 150 years, through prisoners of war, he gets to the Arabs.
In the 6th-8th centuries, paper production was carried out in Central Asia, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. In the 11th-12th centuries, paper appeared in Europe, where it soon replaced animal parchment. Since the 15th-16th centuries, in connection with the introduction of printing, the production of paper has grown rapidly. Paper was made in a very primitive way - by manually grinding the mass with wooden hammers in a mortar and scooping it out in forms with a mesh bottom.
Of great importance for the development of paper production was the invention in the second half of the 17th century of a grinding apparatus - a roll. At the end of the 18th century, rolls were already allowed to be made a large number of paper pulp, but manual ebb (scooping) of paper delayed the growth of production. In 1799, N. L. Robert (France) invented the paper machine, mechanizing the ebb of paper by using an infinitely moving grid. In England, the brothers G. and S. Fourdrinier, having bought Robert's patent, continued to work on the mechanization of the ebb, and in 1806 they patented a paper machine. By the middle of the 19th century, the paper machine had become a complex machine that operated continuously and largely automatically. In the 20th century, paper production becomes a large highly mechanized industry with a continuous-flow technological scheme, powerful thermal power plants and complex chemical shops for the production of fibrous semi-finished products. And now in every office, in every home there is something that we rarely notice and without which our life would become much more difficult - this is paper!
And, of course, most of us cannot do without scrap paper.
Do you know what is produced for scrapbooking special paper. Its most common formats are: 30x30, 20x20 and 15x15 cm. This is a colored and patterned paper, which can also be decorated with glitter (sequins), selective varnish or velvet details (selective flocking), machine stitching and a figured edge. Such paper does not contain acids and lignin, which will ensure its long-term storage without the risk of losing color, texture and density. Also often used in scrap
Velum (tracing paper)
Design cardboard
NOD for NGO "POZNANIE"On the topic: "What do we know about paper"
Compensating type group
Educator: Galyamova L.N.
Objectives: Expansion and consolidation of ideas about paper. Learn to experiment with paper.
Integration educational areas: cognition, communication, safety, health, physical culture, artistic creativity, labor.
Program content: Clarify children's understanding of paper and its properties, the manufacturing process and its application. Help children identify the properties of paper using a variety of techniques. Learn to analyze, to make the simplest conclusions. Develop investigative activities and be able to establish causal - investigative links in the process of performing various actions with paper. To cultivate interest in the knowledge of the world around us, curiosity.
Learning tasks: To systematize children's knowledge about the properties of paper, its types and purpose. To form the ability to make paper crafts, develop imagination. Attention, memory and thinking, develop fine motor skills hands
Vocabulary enrichment: coated, corrugated, documentary, glossy.
Preliminary work: acquaintance with the basic properties of paper in the process of experimental activities of children, work in the circle "Paper-plastic", conversations on the topic "Paper in our life".
Material and equipment: Paper different types, density and purpose, tables for experimenting., a container with water, individual napkins, glue.
The course of organized activities;
The guys came to our lesson for the guests, let's say hello to them.
Today we will have an interesting lesson, and you will guess what it will be about after listening to the poem.
"Paper" S. Mikhalkov.
plain paper
fresh leaf,
You are white as chalk.
Not wrinkled and clean.
your surface for now
Draw did not touch the hand ...
What will you become?
When what
Will you be written by hand? ...
Children, what do you think we will talk about today?
True about paper.
But first, listen to a little story.
Long ago, two thousand years ago, the Chinese people invented paper. And other peoples from distant countries bought paper from them as the greatest treasure. But time passed. People not only traded but also fought. And then one day the Arab troops defeated and captured the prisoners. The Arabs tried out a method of making paper from the captured Chinese. Gradually, the Chinese secret ceased to be a secret, and all over the world people learned how to make paper in the Chinese way, and the Chinese made paper by hand.
How is paper made today?
Paper is produced in a paper mill. The main raw material for paper production is cellulose. Cellulose is obtained from forest species: Mainly from spruce, pine and birch.
At the factory, machines strip the bark from the tree. Crushed into chips. Then the chips are sorted by size on special sieves and sent to the boil.
The mixture is then filtered, washed to remove impurities. Add glue and resin.
Then the paper is dyed in a mixer, where dyes are added.
The paper pulp, turned into gruel, enters the paper machine.
First, the slurry is poured onto the wire of the paper machine. This grid is stretched on 2 shafts and rotates all the time, transferring the paper gruel forward. Here, the paper fibers begin to intertwine with each other, forming a roll tape.
Raw paper tape passes through the rollers. The rollers wring out water, heat with steam and dry the paper.
The flat white paper then exits the machine and is wound into a huge roll.
Then these rolls are sent to the printing house or cut into sheets.
It takes 17 trees to make 1 ton of paper.
30 thousand ordinary student notebooks are made from 1 ton of paper.
Guys, what else is made of paper?
And now, with the help of experiments, we will determine the properties of paper.
EXPERIENCE #1
The teacher takes a bright toy, puts it on the table. First, the children examine the toy through glass. Why do we see a toy? Because glass is transparent.
And now instead of glass we take a sheet of paper. Can you see a toy for her? No, why? Because the paper is not transparent.
This is 1 property of paper that we know. Reb-ta, what kind of paper?
CONCLUSION: The paper is opaque.
EXPERIENCE #2
Now we will conduct 2 experiments. There are 2 glasses of water on the table. In one glass I will lower the metal one, and in the other is paper napkin. What happened to the spoon? Nothing. What happened to paper napkin? She got wet through.
What do you think, rebta, if it rains outside, we will hide under a paper umbrella? No. And why? Because the paper gets wet and passes water.
This is the 2 property of the paper. Reb-that paper what?
CONCLUSION: Paper gets wet.
EXPERIENCE #3
I have 2 ribbons. One is paper, the other is fabric.
Now Nastya and Snezhana will try to tie them to dolls. The fabric ribbon is tied, and the paper is torn.
This is the 3rd property of paper. Reb-ta, what paper?
CONCLUSION: Paper tears easily.
EXPERIENCE: No. 4.
Take the sheets of paper that are on your desk. Paper different color and weight, fold the sheet in half, clearly highlighting the fold line, unfold the paper and try to remove the fold line. Do you get it?
It doesn't work because the fold line has already left an imprint on the paper.
CONCLUSION: Paper bends.
So we conducted 4 experiments and remembered some of the properties of paper.
What are these properties?
Paper is not transparent
paper gets wet
Paper is torn, paper is bent.
Fizminutka:
We'll stomp first. and then we'll clap
And now we sit down together, get up, we will be an adult uncle
Bent lower, lower, head closer to the knees
And now you work hard - bend well
Turn your head and turn your shoulders
Come on, children, don't get tired, sit down, get up, sit down, get up,
Everyone waved their hands, and ran on the spot
And now we turn around and we all laugh together.
GAME "Find by touch"
Rebta, now we will play an interesting game, we will determine by touch what kind of paper is in front of you. And the pads of our fingers will help us, we will cover our eyes with a bandage. Children come to the table and determine the name of the paper.
DESIGN from paper.
Reb-ta, what do they make out of paper?
Now we will make a paper craft.
This is a napkin flower.
Children stick napkins on a painted flower.
REFLECTION: Our today's lesson was devoted to paper.
So what do you know about paper?
Thanks for the work, well done everyone, the lesson is over.
