Loyalty and betrayal in fiction. Five of the brightest literary traitors
Final essay on the topic: "How do you understand the word" fidelity "?"
What is loyalty? In my opinion, this word can be understood in different ways depending on the situation. If we are talking about love relationships, then fidelity is, first of all, steadfastness and immutability in one's feelings, readiness to be with a loved one in any situation.
Thus, N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” tells about Princess Trubetskoy, who followed her Decembrist husband to Siberia. The governor of Irkutsk dissuades her, describing the difficulties she will face: the harsh climate, the need to live in the barracks with convicts, poor and coarse food, the upcoming renunciation of all the rights and privileges of a noble person. However, the heroine is not afraid of his words. She is ready to do anything to be close to her husband, to share with him both joy and sorrow. To all warnings, she replies: I am a woman, a wife!
Let my fate be bitter
I will be faithful to her!
We see that Princess Trubetskoy personifies loyalty and devotion to a loved one.
The word "loyalty" can also be understood as perseverance in the performance of duties, duty, for example, to the Motherland. The defender of the Fatherland, soldier or officer, is obliged to remain faithful to the oath, not to change it, no matter what happens.
An example is Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin's work "The Captain's Daughter". When the Belogorsk fortress was captured by Pugachev, all officers were offered to go over to the side of the rebels. In case of refusal, a tragic fate awaited them - to be hanged. The author shows that, faced with a choice, Pyotr Grinev was ready to part with his life, but remain faithful to the oath. Later, he also refuses the offer of Pugachev, who promised to welcome him with high titles: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” The writer emphasizes that above all for the hero was honor, loyalty to military duty.
Thus, we can conclude: the word "loyalty" implies devotion to someone or something: a loved one, Fatherland, duty.
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Final essay on the topic: "What act can be called treason?"
What act can be called treason? Of course, everyone will answer this question in their own way. I will try to formulate my point of view. In my opinion, treason is such actions as betraying a loved one, in wartime - going over to the side of the enemy. Let me give you a few examples to support my words.
Recall the story of N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa". The main character, a simple peasant girl, fell in love with a young nobleman named Erast with all her heart. He, too, seemed to find his ideal in Lisa. However, the happiness did not last long. The author shows that soon the passion in the hero's heart gave way to boredom and cooling. Moreover, having lost at cards, he decided to improve his position by marrying a wealthy elderly widow. He did not say a word about his intentions to Lisa, moreover, he deceived her, saying that he was going to the army and would certainly return to her. She only found out the truth by accident. This was such a hard blow for her that the girl committed suicide out of desperation. Erast's act, of course, can be called treason, because he betrayed the feelings of the girl who loved him, acted dishonorably, lying to her and secretly marrying another.
Another example of treason is the act of Rybak from V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". The work tells about two partisans who were captured by the police. If Sotnikov courageously withstood torture and accepted death with honor, then Rybak, on the contrary, from the first minutes in captivity, only thought about how to save his own life. He was ready to do anything for this: give away the location of the partisan detachment, go over to the side of the enemies, personally execute a comrade. By doing so, he betrayed his comrade, despised the duty of the defender of the Fatherland, betrayed the Motherland.
Thus, we can come to the conclusion: treason can be called such actions, which are based on betrayal. By changing, a person betrays the trust of loved ones, comrades, sacrifices duty and honor.
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Final essay on the topic: "What can push a person to treason?"
What can push a person to cheat? It seems that there can be many reasons that prompted a person to commit betrayal. It can be greed, and fear for one's life, cowardice, weakness of character. Let's look at a few examples.
So, in the story of N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa" we see a young nobleman Erast, who won the heart of a simple peasant woman Liza. The author shows that after some time Erast cheated on his beloved: going to the army, he promised the girl to return, but in reality he left her forever. Moreover, having lost almost all of his estate in cards, he decided to improve his affairs by marrying a rich woman. What prompted Erast to such an unseemly act? This is self-interest, because he did not want to lose his fortune and settle for poverty. At the same time, selfishness can also be considered the cause of treason. young man, who thought only about himself and his interests, not caring at all about the impact his act would have on Lisa, who was devoted to him with all his heart. Erast treated the girl as a thing that could be thrown away as unnecessary, and did not think that for her his behavior would be a mortal blow, eventually ending her life (the reader will learn that Lisa committed suicide after learning about the betrayal of her beloved) . Greed and selfishness - that's what pushed him to treason.
Let us now turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see a partisan named Rybak, who, falling into the hands of the enemy, decides to betray: he is ready to betray the location of the partisan detachment to the enemies, serve in the police, even take part in the execution of a comrade. What pushed him to betray the Motherland and the duty of the defender of the Fatherland? First of all, fear for your life. Cowardice, weakness of character determines his actions. The fisherman wants to live at all costs. For him, this is more important than duty to the motherland, honor, camaraderie. He thinks only of himself, he is easily ready to sacrifice others in order to save himself. This is also selfishness, which can be considered the cause of betrayal in this case.
Summing up, we can come to the conclusion: different reasons push a person to betray, but they are always based on selfishness, concern only for their own interests, neglect of the lives of other people.
Final essay on the topic: "How do you understand the expression "fidelity to duty"?"
How do I understand the expression "fidelity to duty"? In my opinion, the meaning of this expression is revealed when it comes to military duty. For the defender of the Motherland, this is, first of all, the readiness to fulfill one's duty in any situation, to be ready to give one's life if necessary. Let me illustrate what has been said with a few examples.
So, in the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" main character Petr Grinev demonstrates fidelity to duty. When Pugachev captured the Belogorsk fortress, all its defenders were asked to go over to the side of the rebels. Otherwise, they were executed. The author shows that Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress, refused to become a traitor and was ready to accept death, but not change his oath. Only a happy accident saved the hero from the gallows. Later, Pugachev again offers Grinev to go to his service, to which he resolutely refuses: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” When Pugachev asks him at least not to fight against him, Grinev again answers in the negative: “How can I promise you this? ... You know, it's not my will: they tell me to go against you - I'll go, there's nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? We see that the hero shows loyalty to military duty: he does not change his oath, even risking his life.
Another example is the hero of the story of the same name by V. Bykov "Sotnikov". Once in the hands of the police, partisan Sotnikov does not think about saving his own life. It withstands torture, but does not reveal the squad's location. With courage, he accepts death on the gallows, it never occurs to him to betray his duty and become a traitor, to serve the enemy. Even before his death, he thinks only about saving his comrade and the local residents who helped them. His behavior is a vivid example of fidelity to duty.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in our days the expression "fidelity to duty" will not be an empty phrase, and in difficult situation there will always be those who will show devotion to the Fatherland.
Loyalty. What it is? This is the moral basis on which the human world rests. This is devotion to one's principles, duty, Motherland, one's land, parents, friends and loved ones. The opposite concept is treason. A person changes, first of all, to himself, not withstanding the test of moral strength. People are tested for loyalty and treason not only in relation to their duty, to the Fatherland, but also by whether they betray their ideals, life principles. Only a morally strong person will keep the ideals of youth in his soul, will not change his rules of life in spite of any trials. This is also mentioned in many works of art.
Let's turn to examples.
Chatsky is the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". He returned to Moscow after a three-year absence and again ended up in the house of Famusov, a Moscow official. Chatsky stands out among all members of the Famus society in that he is a person with different life principles and ideals. He is ready to serve for the benefit of society, the Motherland, but does not want to serve (“I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve.”), look for a warm place, only care about a career and income. In his monologue “Who are the judges?” Chatsky speaks sharply about serfdom and feudal lords, who do not consider ordinary people to be people, who sell, buy and exchange their slaves. Also, the hero of the play has an uncompromising attitude towards the worship of everything foreign, which was so widespread at that time in Russia. Chatsky is a defender of education, because he believes that books and teaching only benefit people, make them smarter. The principles of Chatsky contradict the views of members of the Famus society. But I think that Griboedov's hero will not change himself, will be true to his ideals and will benefit his country.
It is not easy to remain faithful to the ideals of youth. A person grows up, and his attitude to life changes. This is stated in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Ordinary History". The hero of the work is Alexander Aduev – still very young, full of hope for a happy future. He believes in unchanging love, in strong friendship, he is ready to give his strength to serve for the good of the Fatherland. This is how he is at the beginning of the novel. But we see a different hero at the end of the work. A plump, prosperous official marries a girl with a rich dowry, but cannot even remember her name in a conversation with his uncle. Now Aduev serves other gods: wealth, career, profitable marriage. His life principles have changed and the ideals of youth have disappeared. Why did this happen? I think, because this person, growing up, did not manage to keep the best that was in him. Under the influence of people and circumstances, he betrayed himself, became the same as the people around him.
It is difficult to remain faithful and not change your views and principles in modern life. But only by overcoming these difficulties, you can remain a man and find your place in society.
For an essay on the topic “Fidelity and betrayal in love, the love sphere”, you can take such a novel as Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”. In this novel we find at once several examples of both outstanding fidelity and shameful betrayal.
Take the relationship between Pierre Bezukhov and Helen Kuragina. Pierre, a bright soul, fell in love with Helen, and since he always did everything thoroughly from the bottom of his heart, his love was pure and true. The very word treason for Pierre was a kind of incident, about which he believed that he would never meet him in his life.
But Ellen was different. It was a beautiful but empty soul, for which the concept of fidelity did not exist at all in this world. She initially treated Pierre not as a husband, but as a way to achieve material prosperity, a way to fulfill her ambitious plans. And so betrayal followed one after another.
Pierre suffered severely when he realized that this creature did not need his love, he tried to fight, but it was a fight only with his feelings, with his own loyalty and moral principles. In fact, their marriage was initially doomed to failure, because Helen did not understand pure love, and therefore fidelity, and did not attach any role to betrayal.
Fidelity could not resist betrayal and Pierre and Helen broke up.
Therefore, fidelity can become a gift from God only if both people keep fidelity in love, but if at least one surrenders to the will of betrayal, fidelity also dies, along with love.
Unified State Examination 2018 Theme essay on literature "Loyalty and treason" in the love sphere. Arguments and examples from works. Text conflict
At all times, the topic of loyalty and love was raised by almost everyone who knew how to hold a pen in his hand. This topic can be revealed using such works as Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy (she fell in love with another and realized that she could not live with her husband. Cheating on her husband, love for Vronsky). War and Peace is full of both loyalty and treason. True, "War and Peace" is a very extensive work, many read it selectively - either only about love, or only about war. Or take Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
A love that is not afraid of even death. Juliet dies consciously, realizing that there is no loved one nearby. I would consider the theme of loyalty and betrayal, taking as a basis the works of Alexandre Dumas. He has, what is not a work, then loyalty and treason (“The Count of Monte Cristo”, for example). The works of Pushkin (Eugene Onegin), Lermontov (Hero of Our Time), Ostrovsky (Thunderstorm), Bulgakov (Master and Margarita) and many many others will show what loyalty is and what treason is.
On the example of which works to write an essay on the topic "Fidelity and betrayal" in the love sphere
Difficult to find in fiction a work that somehow would not affect the theme of love. And where there is love, there is loyalty or betrayal. Therefore, the material for writing on the topic of fidelity and betrayal is very rich and varied.
Let's take Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" as an example. Two bright images- Bazarov and Odintsova. In the work there is no betrayal in the generally accepted sense, but there is infidelity in the sense of the inconstancy of feelings, the inability to take responsibility for the life of another person.
Odintsova's love is not real, superficial. There is nothing to say about fidelity when there is no sincere feelings, therefore, she betrays, first of all, not Bazarov, but love itself as a human ability to become firmly attached, accept another person with all her heart and give herself without a trace.
For an essay on the topic of loyalty and betrayal in the love sphere, I would take several works that very clearly show the conflict of loyalty and betrayal in the soul. These are very famous works, they represent a very clear understanding of these concepts. You have read all of them and know - this is Anna Karenina from the novel of the same name and Katerina from Ostrovsky Thunderstorm.
As an opposite version of treason, I would take the story Old World Landowners, where an example of fidelity to death is very clearly shown.
Katerina Izmailova - main character stories by N.S. Leskov. She is still very young, but she married an older man whom she does not love at all. She has nothing to do. She does not read books, she does not believe in God, she is not endowed with special spirituality and toils from boredom until she meets a daring and handsome worker Sergei. The young man immediately felt a weakness in the character of the hostess and that same night appeared in her bedroom. Katerina could not expel Sergei, moreover, she fell in love with this young and strong man. But treason is treason because it is followed by punishment, but Katerina is not going to be a toy in the hands of fate. She first poisoned her father-in-law, who caught her red-handed, and then the lovers strangled her suddenly returned husband together. And yet, retribution will come when Katerina and Sergei are caught at the time of the murder of the little heir, who arrived after the death of all the Izmailovs. Hard labor turns into hell for the former merchant's wife and mistress. Here, in hard labor, Sergey is cheating on his former mistress with another. Katerina finally breaks down when Sergei and Sonetka begin to mock her openly. In desperation, a young woman tries to kill her lucky rival and dies with her in the turbulent waters of a cold Siberian river.
2. L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina"
The main character of the novel meets a young officer Vronsky. It seems to be a chance meeting; it cannot affect Anna's family happiness in any way. She loves her middle-aged, but very correct spouse, they have a wonderful son. But passion captures the young woman, and she, having trampled all the laws, indulges in passion. Karenin had long noticed his wife's unusual behavior and made remarks to her more than once. However, Anna hoped that the passion would pass. Even when she almost died during the birth of her daughter from Vronsky, she decides to return to her husband. Nobody likes this state of affairs. Anna suffers from feelings for Vronsky and cannot live with her unloved husband, who annoys her. Escape abroad was a short-lived happiness in her life. Upon his return from Europe, Vronsky begins to be weary of Anna, who has become suspicious and jealous. He leads his former secular life, and Karenina cannot leave the house so as not to feel the contemptuous glances of those around her. The result of this betrayal is the suicide of a desperate woman.
3. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
Grigory Melekhov fell in love with his neighbor Aksinya Astakhova. A young woman, although she was married, there was no happiness in her life. The beauty of Aksinya became her rock. The father raped his own daughter at the age of sixteen. This event caused Stepan's eternal jealousy, his constant beatings. As a result, Aksinya had miscarriages, she could not give birth to a child, and when her son was born, he did not live to be a year old. Grigory began courting her "with bullish perseverance," but the young woman resisted as best she could. I tried to fight back, to be strict. However, she gave up. Love-passion flared up with violent force, she "proudly and high carried her happy, but shameful head." Is it possible to consider cheating on her husband Stepan as cheating. I think that formally, yes, this is treason. But how to live life without experiencing love - true love for which to die - happiness. And time will tell what exactly Grigory fell in love with Aksinya for life.
