When is Tatyana's day in Russia. Tatiana's Day: History and Traditions of Russian Students' Day Tatiana's Day

Students always have something to love about their student life. In spite of the fact that will undoubtedly lead us to a long and deep discussion on this subject, we note that there is no need for this. And if the students did not even have a single “legitimate” holiday, then this would not embarrass them at all. Rather, on the contrary, it would give them much more enthusiasm in search of an “extra” reason for joy, because youth has a far from fully explored potential, and endows its owners with the most unpredictable and extraordinary ideas and solutions.

In its arsenal, the student part of our progressive society has at least two completely legitimate and certainly official reasons for the holiday: International Student Day, which is celebrated on November 17th and Tatyana's Day - January 25th, which can be said to be our home or national Students Day . The origin of the latter is fundamentally different from world holiday, it is more traditional for our students and originates from the middle of the eighteenth century.

According to the website project, Students' Day was previously timed to coincide with the day of the establishment of Moscow University, which, according to the old style of the Julian calendar, took place on January 12, 1755 and was initiated by the Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna at the request of the Russian statesman and philanthropist Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov. The signing of the highest Decree took place just on the day of the name day of his mother, in parallel this day was also the day of the early Christian holy great martyr Tatiana of Rome, who lived in the 3rd century AD. This is an ancient Greek name, which we better know as "Tatiana" in translation means "organizer". A little later, in one of the annexes of the old building of the university, a house church was created in her honor, and the saint herself was declared a kind of patroness of Russian students.

Students' Day began to be celebrated at first as the birthday of the University itself and was a cheerful and noisy event, and later it spread and turned into a holiday for all students of the Russian Empire.

There is an opinion that every day is a holiday for students. This opinion exists in those sections of our society whose student life is long behind and is sometimes caused by the excessive burden of that harsh reality that surrounds them with endless current worries, from which student life already seems easy and carefree. But any student can say that this is not so, because the decisions, activities and importance of every moment of our life determines not only our present, but also our future, and students are in more critical conditions that require greater coordination and effort, the most thorough searches and ingenuity.

On this, let's not be afraid to say, professional student holiday, we join in the congratulations to all our students! We wish them success in their studies, good practice, strength and time! All in your hands. Happy Students Day!

The history of the emergence and development of the student holiday is closely connected with the Moscow State University - on January 25, in 1755, the Russian Empress Elizabeth the First signed a decree on the founding of the first domestic university - Moscow. In modern history, Tatyana's Day is called the "Day of Russian Students" and is a national holiday on the basis of a presidential decree issued on January 25, 2005. In 2007, President V.V. Putin signed a federal law, according to which the Day of Russian Students was added to the honorary list anniversaries Russia.

Why is the holiday called Tatyana's Day?

As already mentioned, the basis for the student holiday was the signing of the imperial decree of 1755 on the founding of the University. Both the project of the University and the idea of ​​its creation belong to Mikhail Lomonosov and Count Ivan Shuvalov, since they the best way understood how important the emergence of a scientific organization of this kind for Russia and the development of science in it. The official opening of the University was carried out only in April 1755, on the 26th - the day dedicated to the anniversary of the coronation of Elizabeth the First. Therefore, for the next 35 years, this day was supposed to be the founding day of Moscow University.

But the next Russian emperor, Nicholas the First, issued a decree in 1791 that commanded to celebrate not the day of the official opening of the university, but the day the decree on its creation was issued, that is, January 25th. So, at the behest of the emperor, the first official student holiday appeared, coinciding with the day of memory of St. Tatiana. In 1791, an Orthodox church was built at the University, which was consecrated in the name of the holy martyr Tatyana (Tatiana). Since then, Saint Tatiana has been considered the patroness and protector of students and teachers.

Interestingly, after the revolution of 1917, due to the denial and rejection of any religions, the temple was closed by the Bolsheviks. In order for the premises of the temple not to be empty, a club was organized in it - a place for gathering and communication of people in their free time from building communism. In the period from 1958 to 1994, the student theater of Moscow State University was located within the walls of the former temple, from which many famous actors came out, among them Mark Zakharov, Roman Viktyuk, Iya Savvina, Valdis Pelsh, Alexei Kortnev and others. And only in January In 1995, historical justice triumphed and the building was returned to the Orthodox Church.

History of the celebration

In the first years after January 25 was approved as a holiday date, no particularly magnificent festivities were celebrated. Usually, the holiday was celebrated with modest feasts. Mandatory item holiday program was a prayer service in the university church. But around the 60s of the 19th century, the celebration of Tatyana's Day was conditionally divided into an official part and an unofficial one. The program of official events usually included the following: holding an open day at the University; solemn speech of the rector of the University; visiting the university church; festive dinner in the university cafeteria for professors. At the end of the official celebrations, the most entertaining began! Students, united in small groups, went to wander the streets of Moscow until late at night, drank alcohol, bawled songs. Favorite places of mass gathering of celebrating students were Nikitsky and Tverskoy boulevards, Moscow squares.

Sometimes students managed to celebrate their holiday, which is called "in a big way" - from time to time, some restaurants in the city kindly provided students with their halls for the celebration. There is a legend that on the eve of the holiday, expensive furniture was taken out of restaurants, and the rich interior decoration was replaced by cheap and unsightly - simple tables, benches were placed, cheap pottery was taken out of restaurant pantries. Restaurant carpets were replaced with a thick layer of sawdust. As a rule, restaurant kitchens did not work on January 25th. At the disposal of the students were only buffets with cold snacks, vodka, beer and cheap wine.

A.P. Chekhov, once describing the celebration of Tatyana's Day, said that this year they drank everything they could find. They could even drink the Moscow River, but, fortunately, it froze over. There was even such a tradition when restaurant porters on the backs of drunken students wrote with chalk the addresses of their delivery, in case they themselves could not get home. And the city police in every possible way contributed to the speedy delivery of drunken students to their homes.

It is believed that the celebration of Tatyana's Day was so fond of students and their teachers, because class and social differences between people disappeared on this day - the rich triumphed along with the poor, teachers had fun with their students. Youth, freedom, students, lightness and fun of life united not only teachers - professors and students, but also former graduates university: doctors, officials, journalists, industrialists, lawyers, businessmen and all others who had anything to do with the students and their daily life.

During the formation of Soviet power, Tatyana's Day was renamed the "Day of the Proletarian Students", and magnificent celebrations in honor of the holiday were first suspended, and then completely banned due to inappropriateness. For a long time there were no official student holidays in the USSR. It was only in 1992 that the tradition of celebrating the birthday of Moscow State University and holding various celebrations in honor of the historical student holiday was revived. And gradually, over a fairly short time, the students of all higher educational institutions RF and former CIS countries.

Usually, by this day, the session ends in almost all universities, so most students can celebrate their legitimate holiday with peace of mind. As a rule, solemn awards of students for achievements in science, sports and culture are appointed on this day, concerts, performances, KVNs, flash mobs, balls and other cultural events are held.

It must be said that Tatiana's Day is a national holiday that has historical heritage and cultural significance. However, there is also an international student holiday, celebrated in the world on November 17th. It also arose in the course of historical events and is closely connected with the course of the Second World War.

Signs and superstitious traditions on Tatyana's day

Of course, during the long existence of Russian students, student rituals, superstitions and traditions could not but appear. So, it is with Tatyana's day that the following rituals are associated, predicting a happy course of student affairs:

1. On January 25, you need to climb to the highest place in the city and, looking at the sun, make a wish - 100% will come true, time-tested and thousands of other students!

2. Summon Freebies or Balls. To observe the ritual on January 25, you need to go out onto the balcony, porch or lean out the window and, waving your grade book, call Freebie at the top of your voice “Freebie, come!”. It is believed that if one of the strangers shouts back “On the way!” - that is a very good sign for a student.

3. Drawing in the grade book on Tatiana's Day is also a long tradition. On the last page of the record book, it is customary to draw a village house and smoke coming from the chimney of this house. The longer the smoke turns out, the easier it will be for the student to study all year, until the next Tatyana's day.

What date is Tatyana's day all students should know, because on this day they also celebrate their triumph. It has already become a tradition to celebrate this holiday on January 25 every year.

It also has other popular names: Babiy Kut or Tatiana Kresphenskaya. Today, on this date, young people celebrate Student Day. According to ancient signs and beliefs, the sunrise symbolized the onset of early spring and the imminent arrival of migratory birds, and if it snowed, it symbolized a rainy summer. Let's try to find out what date to celebrate Tatyana's Day.

Tatyana's Day: the history of the holiday

According to one old legend, Tatyana is a great martyr who suffered in the name of Jesus Christ. She lived in the 3rd century AD in Rome. At that distant time, Christians were not very favored, almost all believers were forced to hide and secretly hold secret meetings. Tatyana, just like her parents, firmly believed in Jesus Christ and was brought up in this spirit. As Tatiana grew older, she made the decision to never marry and took a vow of celibacy. For her virtue, prosperity and fidelity, Tatyana was appointed deaconess.

However, she failed to escape persecution and persecution. Tatyana was captured and brought to the then Emperor Alexander Severus. And since he professed paganism, in order to avoid the death penalty, he ordered Tatyana to bow to a pagan statue. But she was faithful to her Lord and refused to do so. On the contrary, she turned to her Lord Jesus Christ with prayers, and as a result of the earthquake, the statue was destroyed.

The emperor did not stop there and ordered Tatiana to be subjected to cruel tortures that an ordinary person could not endure. But these tortures could not break her faith. All this time she prayed to Jesus Christ and every morning, the marks of torture disappeared from her body. Many who watched Tatyana's torture and suffering, including her tormentors, began to believe in Christ.

But, despite this, they did not stop mocking her and decided to lock her in the temple alone with the lion. The priests of the temple who came three days later discovered that Tatyana was alive and unharmed, and the statue of the deity was completely destroyed. It was decided to strike Tatyana and her father with a sword. On January 12, and according to the new style on January 25, they were executed.

Tatyana's day holiday Student's Day 25

This holiday has a historical connotation. The fact is that back in 1755, on this very day, January 12 (25), Shuvalov sent a petition to Empress Elizabeth to open Moscow University, which was granted. This served as the beginning of the holiday, on this day the students organized festivities and fun. Later, a temple was built on the territory of the university in honor of the Great Martyr Tatyana, who was then declared the patroness of all students.

After some time, this holiday was already celebrated by the whole of Moscow. True, at the official level, Tatyana's Day turned into a student's day in the second half of the 19th century, when Tsar Nicholas I decided to celebrate on this day not the opening of the university, but the signing of a decree on its founding.

Traditions and customs

The traditions of celebrating the Student's Day, which were several decades ago, are practically no different from those that exist in our time. The official part of the holiday consisted of congratulations and awards ceremony for students. There was a festive concert, after which a prayer service began in the temple. Everything ended with the song "God Save the Tsar", after which everyone went about their business.

After some time, the students began to gather again near the Moskovskie Vedomosti building and arranged a cat concert, which in most cases ended with knocking out the windows of the publishing house. After that, everyone went to the tavern and continued to have fun. The fact is that all the antics of the students that day they got away with it, and when the gendarmes met a drunken, amused student, they would definitely help him.

And since Tatyana's day also has a pagan basis, then in the past all people who had absolutely nothing to do with students celebrated this day in their own way. January 25 is the day on which spring was called. For this purpose, round loaves were baked, symbolizing the sun. Every member of the family had to try it without fail. If this is not done, then the Sun will not share its warmth with people. It is worth noting that such a loaf was prepared for several days, because the whole baking process was carried out by different rituals.

One of the common traditions was the beating of rugs on this day. In the morning all the girls went to the river to knock out and wash the rugs. After finishing work, guys came to the girls to help them take the rugs home and hang them on the fence. By the cleanliness of the rug, people also judged the girl herself.

In addition, on this day, the girls made special panicles from rags and feathers, so that later they could put it in the “woman's kut” in the yard of the guy they liked and with whom they want to connect their lives. There was such a belief: if a girl managed to do this, then she would marry this guy and their living together will be happy. The mothers of the guys carefully watched who puts such panicles. If the girl suited them, then they tried to help the young, but if not, then they interfered in every possible way. Also, women tried to make the ball of yarn tighter so that the cabbages would turn out good.

Signs on Tatyana's day

• There is an opinion that a girl born on this day will definitely become a good housewife;
• The earlier sun on this day is for the early arrival of birds;
• If at the time of sunset the sun turns red, it means windy weather;
• Students tried to complete the prayer service in order to pass the next session well and without problems;
• The weather was monitored that day. If snow fell, this meant that the next summer would be dry and lean. If on this day there was clear, frosty weather, then the summer will be fruitful, not dry, and the temperature regime will be stable;
• If a birthday girl was in the house that day, then they carefully watched the baked loaf. In the case when the loaf rose well, then luck awaited the birthday girl in the future, if the loaf turned out to be even, without any flaws, then the whole year would be good, without various losses and problems;
• When food burned during cooking, the girl had to eat it all so that all possible life problems and obstacles could be easily passed. But, if the loaf turned out with cracks, then adversity and problems awaited the birthday girl;
• In order to pass the upcoming session well, students were required to get drunk on January 25th.

Fortune telling on Tatyana's day

The main tradition on Tatyana's Day is, of course, fortune-telling. Unmarried girls gathered together at night from January 24 to 25 and were engaged in fortune-telling. So let's take a look at some types of fortune-telling.

The name of the future groom

On this day, the girls walked down the street and asked unknown men what their names were. What name the stranger calls, then that will be the name of the future groom. They also resorted to another method to find out the name of their fiancé. To do this, it was necessary to take several onions, cut them up and write on them male names. What name will then fall out, then this will be the name of the future groom.

Divination for the groom

In most cases, young girls who were expecting their marriage ate salty food for dinner, and when they went to bed they said: “he who will be my betrothed and mummers will give me water.” That is, he will come and give the girl a drink, he will become her fiancé. Looking for the name of the future groom, the girls learned with the help of two mirrors. To do this, it was necessary to sit between them and look into the resulting corridor of reflections. After a certain time, the future groom should appear in it.

Few people know that the symbol of students - Tatiana's Day - is actually a great religious holiday. On this day, you can not only honor the memory of St. Tatiana, but also direct your life in a new direction. To do this, you need to know the traditions of the holiday and, to the best of your ability, observe them.

Tatiana's Day became a holiday for students, since its date coincided with the grand opening of Moscow University. Initially, January 25 was a kind of birthday of the capital's educational institution, and subsequently spread throughout the country.

Tatyana's Day has Christian roots: on this day, Orthodox throughout the country honor St. Tatiana of Rome, the patroness of knowledge and truth. According to legend, the idols of Roman false gods crumbled to dust from her words. Tatiana was executed by cutting off her head, but she remained in the legends and memory of believers.

Traditions and signs of Tatyana's day

It has long been customary to bake loaves of bread in the form of the sun on Tatyana's day. After January 25, the day begins to gradually arrive, and the “sunny” loaf symbolizes the expectation of spring. The bread baked on this day is associated with several folk signs:

• bread rose like a mountain in the middle - this year things will go “uphill”;
• perfectly flat loaf surface - for a calm and measured year;
• burnt loaf - to cardinal changes in fate;
• cracked bread is a bad sign.

On Tatyana's day, girls and boys beat rugs, competing to see who could do it faster and cleaner. It was believed that the winner would be "the master of the house." In the course of joint work, young people looked at each other, and after Tatyana's day, mass matchmaking began.

Another tradition of this day was a kind of "love spell" on the guy she liked: the girl made a whisk from dry herbs, twigs and rags and hid it in the house of a potential groom. The future mother-in-law had to find a panicle: it was believed that if she did not succeed, then there would be a wedding.

Another tradition of Tatyana's Day on January 25 is to make a wish at sunrise. It is believed that if you meet a heavenly body, bow to it and ask for the fulfillment of a dream, then any wish will come true. We wish you a happy and warm Tatyana's day in 2017. Smile more often and don't forget to press the buttons and

17.01.2017 06:23

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Tatyana's Day (Student's Day) 2020 is celebrated on January 25 (according to the old style on January 12). IN church calendar this is the date of honoring the memory of the holy martyr Tatiana of Rome, who in the 18th century became the patroness of students.

Student's Day 2020. On January 25, students of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions celebrate professional holiday- Student's day. This date falls on the period of the end of the autumn semester, the end of the session and the beginning winter holidays. On this day, students are awarded additional scholarships and diplomas.

Tatyana's Day 2020. On January 25, parishioners of the Orthodox Church pray to St. Tatiana of Rome. On this day, it is customary to congratulate women who bear the name Tatyana.

The content of the article

history of the holiday

The name "Tatiana's Day" was given to the holiday in honor of the holy martyr Tatiana of Rome, who lived in Rome in the 3rd century. She was born into a wealthy, noble Christian family. After reaching adulthood, Tatiana took a vow of chastity and became a deaconess. She devoted her life to serving the church, helping sick and needy people. Saint Tatiana was persecuted by the pagans. Emperor Alexander Severus sentenced her and her father to death, which was carried out on January 12, 226. Tatiana was elevated to the rank of holy martyrs.

In the Russian Empire, Tatyana's Day was originally celebrated as the day of the founding of Moscow University (MGU). On January 12 (25), 1755, Empress Elizabeth issued a decree on the establishment of Moscow State University. In 1791, the home church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana was founded in the university building. January 25 became Student's Day, and Saint Tatiana became the patroness of students in higher schools.

On January 25, 2005, the President of Russia signed the Decree "On the Day of Russian Students". The document officially approved the professional holiday of Russian students.

Student traditions

Students celebrate Tatyana's day on a special scale. They visit churches, put a candle to the patron saint Tatiana and ask for help in exams and tests. On this day, festive concerts are held at universities, at which diligent students are awarded certificates of honor. University students gather in companies, have parties, go to nightclubs and bars.

A well-known student tradition on Tatyana's Day is the call for balloons. On the night of January 25, they go out onto the balcony or look out the window and shout three times: “Shara, come!” in front of an open book. Students believe that such a ritual helps to successfully pass all the exams.

To attract good luck at the session, university students conduct another ceremony with a record book. At noon on January 25, they draw a small house on the last page. It must have a door and a window. The main elements are the chimney and the smoke emanating from it. The house should be drawn with one solid, twisted line. It is believed that if you manage to draw it continuously, then the session will be easy and successful.

folk traditions

On this holiday, there is a tradition to congratulate all Tatyana on the day of the angel.

Believers visit temples where solemn services are held. Girls who seek to arrange their personal lives pray to the patron saint Tatiana.

On January 25, girls try to lure guys. To do this, they lay a small path on the threshold of the house. It is believed that if on this day a beloved young man wipes his feet on her, then he will be a frequent guest.

Tatyana's Day - good time for making wishes. To do this, you need to go to a sunny meadow and think about your cherished dreams. Sincere wishes made on this day come true.

What not to do on Tatyana's day

On Tatiana's Day, it is forbidden to quarrel with family members and loved ones. It is not supposed to refuse to help the needy and the sick. You can't be in an untidy house.

Signs and beliefs

• If it snows on January 25, then the summer will be rainy.
• If there is clear frosty weather on Tatyana's day, then a good harvest should be expected.
• Girls born on January 25 become good housewives and wives.
• If an exam falls on the day following Student's Day, then one cannot read notes the day before.
• If on this day the hostess bakes bread with a smooth crust, without cracks, then the coming year will be successful and calm.

January 25 is Tatyana's Day (Student's Day). On this holiday, all Tatyans are congratulated on the day of the angel, they visit temples, perform rituals to attract suitors, make wishes. Also on January 25, students of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions accept congratulations. Students on their professional holiday conduct rituals to attract good luck in exams.