What is 3rd layer clothes. For beginners: Principles of choosing clothes on a hike

In this article, we will describe the main features of customs clearance of clothing and footwear. Without careful study of all the details of the customs legislation, there is a risk that customs clearance of clothing will be carried out with great difficulty for the importer. We will describe in detail what documents are required for customs clearance of clothes and shoes, and we will also analyze the features of the import (import) of children's and adult clothes.

Clothing is divided into 2 fundamentally different classification groups of TNVED:
The first group includes - knitwear and clothing accessories(TNVED group 61). Knitwear is knitwear, a material (including textile), the structure of which is interconnected loops, Knitted fabric is characterized by extensibility, elasticity and softness. In production knitted fabrics synthetic, cotton, wool and silk fibers are used in pure form or various combinations, including with the addition of elastane. This group includes - hand-knitted material.
The second group is - non-knitted clothing and clothing accessories(TNVED group 62). Non-knitted products, unlike knitted products, are a fabric that is formed as a result of the mutual interweaving of two systems of threads located in two mutually perpendicular directions.

What is children's clothing? Clothing is divided into adult and children's clothing. The same term, in different normative documents, is interpreted according to different characteristics.
For certification(Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union No. of September 23, 2011 N 797 ("On the safety of products intended for children and adolescents" - TR CU 007/2011 "On the safety of products intended for children and adolescents") (as amended and supplemented. , entered into force on September 25, 2018): "children" - users of products under the age of 14. At the same time, "newborns" - children under the age of 28 days inclusive; "teenagers" - users of products aged 14 to 18 years;
To declare and determine the TNVED code: The term "children's clothing and accessories for children's clothing" means products for children no more than 86 cm tall (usually these are children about 18 months old), in accordance with the TNVED explanations to group 61 and to position 6111.

VAT 10% or 20%? Based on Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2004 N 908, (as amended on February 21, 2019), children's clothing that falls into the list of products below (according to the description and TNVED codes) is subject to VAT at 10% instead of 20%. You need to know that not only the presence of a certificate of state registration gives preferences for paying VAT when importing children's clothing.

Registration of a certificate of state registration (hereinafter - SGR). Required only for children's clothing that falls into the list below.
In accordance with the Technical Regulations of September 23, 2011 N 797 ("On the safety of products intended for children and adolescents" - TR TS 007/2011) and the Letter of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2012 N 01-09 / 1418, assessment ( confirmation) of product compliance with the requirements of this technical regulation in the form of state registration with subsequent declaration of conformity is carried out for the following products:

Milk nipples, latex, rubber or silicone pacifiers;
- single-use sanitary and hygienic products (diapers, underpants, diapers, hygienic cotton buds(for the nose and ears));
- crockery, cutlery for children under 3 years old (cups, saucers, drinkers, plates, bowls, spoons, forks, bottles and other similar food products);
- toothbrushes, electric toothbrushes powered by chemical current sources, gum massagers and other similar products for children under 3 years old;
- products 1st layer underwear knitted and textile materials for children under 3 years old;

- hosiery knitted 1st layer for children under 3 years old;

-hats(summer) 1st layer knitted and textile materials for children up to 3 years.

Now, in order to identify in detail our imported goods with products for which registration of the SGR is required, it is necessary to analyze the terms in the specified Technical Regulations. Based on the Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of September 23, 2011 N 797 "ON THE SAFETY OF PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS" (article No. 5) - In accordance with the functional purpose, clothes and products are divided into clothes and products of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd layers.
To clothes and products of the 1st layer include products that have direct contact with the skin of the user, such as underwear and bed linen, corsetry and bathing products, hats (summer), hosiery, handkerchiefs and head scarves and other similar products.
To clothes and products of the 2nd layer includes products that have limited contact with the user's skin, in particular dresses, blouses, top shirts, trousers, skirts, unlined suits, sweaters, jumpers, hats (except for summer ones), mittens, gloves, hosiery of the autumn-winter assortment (socks, half-stockings) and other similar products.
To clothes of the 3rd layer include coats, short coats, jackets, raincoats, lined suits, baby carriers and other similar items.

In addition, in Technical Regulation No. TR CU 017/2011 "On product safetylight industry "(Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of December 9, 2011 N 876) product groups are indicated in which certain products are included. According to this list you can determine whether your clothes fall into the group of goods for which state registration certificates are subject to registration.

To the technical regulation
Customs Union
"On product safety
light industry"
(TR CU 017/2011)

SCROLL
PRODUCTS FOR WHICH REQUIREMENTS ARE ESTABLISHED
OF THE PRESENT TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

Name of product groups	Name of products
Textile materials:
- underwear	for bed linen, underwear, table linen, underwear, corsetry and bathing products
Towel	for towels, sheets (bathing), smooth, jacquard, waffle, terry
Clothing	raincoats and jackets, coats, suits, dresses and suits, dresses, blouses, shirts, shawls and lining
Shoe	for uppers and linings of shoes
Decorative	for curtains, curtains, curtains, bedspreads, tablecloths, capes, paths, deck chairs
Furniture	for furniture upholstery, mattresses, slipcovers
Faux fur and pile fabrics	for outerwear, collars, trim, lining, hats, decorative purposes, incl. blankets
Clothing and garments and knitwear:
Top products	jackets, jumpers, jackets, vests, suits, blouses, skirts, dresses, sundresses, shorts, sets, bathrobes, trousers, overalls, leggings, sports suits and trousers (except for those intended for equipping sports teams) and other similar products
- hosiery	tights, stockings, half-stockings, leggings, socks, leggings, culottes, footsies and other similar products
Glove products	gloves, mittens, mittens and other similar products
- shawl and scarf products	scarves, scarves, scarves
Outerwear	coats, short coats, raincoats, jackets, sports jackets (trousers, suits), overalls, semi-overalls and other similar products
Top shirts	top shirts
Costume products	suits, jackets, jackets, skirts, vests, jacket-type jackets, trousers, shorts and other similar articles
Dress products	dresses (including sundresses, robes), skirts, blouses, vests, aprons, trouser sets and other similar items
Home clothes	gowns, suits and other similar articles
- linen products	underwear, bed linen, table and kitchen linen, towels, bathing articles, handkerchiefs and other similar products
Corset products	bras, corsets and other similar products
Bed dress	blankets, pillows and other similar products
- hats	peaked caps, caps, caps, hats, panamas, berets, skullcaps and other similar products
Coatings and carpet products of machine production	carpets, carpet runners, floor runners, textile floor coverings
Textile and haberdashery products	curtain-tulle products, lace fabric and lace products, piece products, ties, capes, bedspreads, curtains and other similar products
Leather goods	bags, suitcases, briefcases, rucksacks, handbags, briefcases, cases, folders and other similar products gloves, mittens waist belts, for watches and other similar products
Felt, felt and nonwovens	felt, felt and nonwovens
	boots, half boots, boots, half boots, boots, low shoes, shoes, galoshes and other types of footwear made of natural, artificial and synthetic leather, rubber, rubber-textile, felted, combined, textile, polymer and other materials
Artificial leather	for the top and lining of shoes, for clothes and hats, gloves and mittens, haberdashery, furniture and for upholstery of various products
Skin and Leather Products	leather for the bottom, top and lining of products, haberdashery, for gloves and mittens, for furniture upholstery and other types of leather; clothing, hats and other leather goods
Furs and fur products	coats, short coats, jackets, capes, suits, vests, hats, collars, cuffs, trims, headwear, gloves, mittens, stockings, socks, sleeping bags, bedspreads and other similar items; dressed fur skins

List of permits for adult clothing. The technical regulation "On the safety of light industry products" (TR TS 017/2011) is applied. Based on this regulation, when importing clothing, it is required:
1. certificate of conformity, on
- underwear, corsetry, bathing and similar products;
- bed sheets;
- hosiery of the first layer.
2. Declaration of Conformity and all other imported products listed in the above table.

List of permits for children's clothing. . The technical regulation "ON THE SAFETY OF PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS" - TR TS 007/2011 is applied. Based on this regulation, when importing children's clothing, it is required:
1. SGR (certificate of state registration), see above for what clothes.
2. Certificate of conformity, for (except for products for which SGR is required):
- sanitary and hygienic products made of rubber molded and non-molded for child care;
- sanitary-hygienic and haberdashery products made of plastics and metal;
- bed sheets;
- products of the 1st layer, linen knitted and textile materials;
- knitted hosiery products of the 1st layer;
- hats (summer) of the 1st layer, knitted and made of textile materials;
- clothes and products of the 2nd layer made of textile materials and leather; products of the 2nd layer knitted;
- hats of the 2nd layer, knitted, made of textile materials and leather for children under 1 year old;
- clothes and products of the 3rd layer, knitted, made of textile materials and leather up to the 1st year;
- clothing, products and hats made of fur for children under 1 year old;
- footwear, except felted coarse-wool footwear;
- prams;
- bicycles.
3. Declaration of Conformity, for all other imported children's products, including those for which SGRs have been issued.

Attention!!! When issuing certificates of state registration, declarations of conformity and certificates of conformity, DO NOT forget to indicate in these documents the addresses of the branches of manufacturers located in other countries. Since if the country of origin is Italy, then the address of the plant must be in Italy. At the same time, it is allowed to indicate in one document - a branch of the Plant or factory located in other countries. Usually European countries have plants and factories located in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, USA. Recommendations when issuing permits. We recommend that before issuing certificates of state registration, declarations of conformity and certificates of conformity, send layouts for approval to a customs broker (if you do it yourself through a certification body). It is best to instruct the customs broker to draw up these documents on their own (without your participation), so that the responsibility for the correct execution lies with the customs broker. Otherwise, if there are errors in these documents, you will have to do them again.

At the same time, we inform you that when importing clothes, the provisions of the Decision of the Commission dated May 28, 2010 N 299 “On the application of sanitary measures in the customs union” apply only to children's clothing, which requires a certificate of state registration.
In addition, after the import of clothes into Russia (before customs clearance), the Rospotrebnadzor authorities need to deliver mark on the bill of lading (air waybill, CMR)"import allowed" if the product requires SGR(Section II LIST of goods subject to state registration Decision of the Commission dated May 28, 2010 N 299).
If the rest of the nomenclature of children's clothing (not falling under the SGR) is imported, then the employee of Rospotrebnadzor will not put a mark on the air waybill, because children's clothing is included in - Section I LIST of goods subject to sanitary and epidemiological supervision (control) Decisions of the commission dated May 28, 2010 N 299.

In accordance with the letter of Rospotrebnadzor dated July 20, 2010 N 01 / 10733-10-32 "ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SANITARY AND QUARANTINE CONTROL AT CHECKPOINTS OF THE CUSTOMS UNION": The official carrying out sanitary and quarantine control, within his competence, checks documents , confirming the safety of products (goods), transport (transportation) and (or) commercial documents for controlled goods included in sections II, III of the Unified List of Goods. If the goods belong to Section I of the Unified List, the stamps "Import is allowed" or "Import is prohibited", as well as a mark with a personal numbered seal and the time of control are not affixed.

Customs clearance of clothing and footwear from Europe (Italy, France, Germany).

When customs clearance (when importing into Russia) branded and non-branded, you need to know that all clothes and shoes are classified into several groups:

1. "Unnamed".
2. "Comfort" (only for shoes). For example, trademarks such as - ALBERTA FERRETTI, ANGELO MARANI, ANNA MOLINARI, CHLOE, CRISTINA EFFE, DSQUARED, GUESS, JOHN GALLIANO, ROCCOBAROCCO, NINA RICCI and many others.
3. "Lux". For example, for clothes, these are trademarks, ARMANI, AZZEDINE ALAIA, BALENCIAGA, BOSS BLACK, BOTTEGA VENETTA, BURBERRY, CAVALLI JUST CAVALLI, CHANEL, CHRISTIAN DIOR, DKNY, EA7, EMANUEL UNGARO, ERMANNO SCERVINO, ESCADA, ETRO HOME, HISTORY ICEBERG , ICE ICEBERG , JEAN "S PAUL GAULTIER, KARL LAGERFELD , KENZO, LANVIN , LOUIS VUITTON, MARC JACOBS , MARINA RINALDI ELEGANTE, MAX MARA BY WEEKEND, MCQ-ALEXANDER MCQUEEN, MOSCHINO, MY FERRAGAMO, OSCAR DE LA RENTA, POLO RALPH LAUREN, PRADA, SALVATORE FERRAGAMO, Ungaro Couture, VALENTINO GARAVANI, ZILLI, ZEGNA SPORT and many others.

Unlike which group your clothes fall into, customs "risks" will apply. There are such trademarks that are included in the Register of Intellectual Property Objects (hereinafter referred to as ROIP) - GLAMOUR, HUGO BOSS, LEVI "S, MAXI-COSI, SARABANDA, MINIBANDA, NEXUS, SHIMANO, STELLA, Thomas Burberry, WEEBOK, WINX CLUB, TORN , BYTE GIULIANA TESO Accordingly, when importing these trademarks, you need to check whether the copyright holder has included you as an authorized importer.If not, you need to ask the copyright holder for a one-time permission to import these goods.

When importing clothes (clothing accessories), shoes and accessories for them, representations are required for declaration additional information.
When customs declaring clothes, including the correct determination of the TNVED code (on which the amount of payments to the state depends), the following information is required:
- trade name (skirt, shirt, sweater, etc.);
- knitwear or non-knitwear;
- adult or children's clothing;
- the percentage composition of the material from which the clothing is made. For example (10% cotton, 90% polyamide);
- dimensional signs in cm: height, chest circumference, waist (hips), neck circumference;
- gender (men's or women's clothing);
- model (article);
- trademark;
- manufacturer;
- country of origin;
- net weight of one product;
- Quantity, pcs.;
- price.

Good afternoon, dear readers!

Today we will touch on such interesting topic, like or the concept of three layers in clothing(thermal underwear, fleece underwear, membrane overalls).

What kind of system is this? Let's take a closer look at its basic principles.

It's no secret that it is very important for parents that the child does not freeze on a walk. Moreover, this applies to any time of the year: spring, summer, winter and autumn. After all, if the baby freezes, or warms up and cools down, the disease cannot be avoided. And this entails a lot of problems and inconveniences. But in winter, this problem is exacerbated by such a factor as comfort. After all, put on a baby great amount things are possible, although such a number does not work with all children, but will the little one be able to move during the walk, and will it be convenient for him?

It is these problems that the three-layer principle solves. In short, all the layers of a child's clothing in it perform a certain function: they remove excess moisture, retain heat, protect against the vagaries of the weather, providing maximum comfort during outdoor games in winter and in the off-season.

How to dress a child for a walk according to the three-layer principle?

Basic first layer of clothing must have thermal underwear. Recommended made from quick-drying synthetic materials or wool. Please note that such linen should not be made of cotton, it absorbs moisture, and this can lead to hypothermia. And hypothermia is the first reason for the appearance of colds. At the same time, wool and synthetics perfectly remove moisture from the skin and “transfer” it to the next layer.

That is, the main purpose of thermal underwear is to collect and evaporate moisture that is released by the body during the active motor activity of the baby. For the greatest effect, thermal underwear should fit the body and conduct moisture without absorbing it. Good thermal underwear should be treated with antibacterial compounds and not be allergenic, as it is in direct contact with the body.

Why is it not recommended to buy traditional cotton underwear? Let's try to figure it out. When a child moves a lot, and this is what children do on the street, he sweats a lot. The laundry becomes damp, and this reduces its thermal insulation properties. Which leads to hypothermia. In addition, such underwear takes a long time to dry, which can cause skin irritation.

These problems are well solved by modern thermal underwear, the main purpose of which is to remove moisture from the surface of the body.

Summing up a little, I would like to note that children's clothing in 3 layers should be based on thermal underwear.

Although, if your baby is not very active, a pure wool blouse and leggings with a small amount of synthetic fibers may be suitable as a first layer. And for active mobile kids, it is still better to buy thermal underwear. The same applies to children who go in for winter sports.

We paid a lot of attention to the first layer of clothing, since it depends on it whether your baby will walk wet, sweating through or not.

Second or intermediate layer a woolen, fleece undershirt from overalls or trousers and a sweatshirt should act. It is this layer that acts as a thermal insulator. The main requirements for it are the ability to "breathe" and good thermal insulation. Wool and fleece are excellent at retaining heat, but fleece dries faster. This layer should be light so that the child can move and feel comfortable while doing so. In addition, this layer must also be permeable to evaporation, so that all the moisture that has passed through the thermal underwear does not linger on it, but passes, penetrating unhindered to the next layer.

Third top layer protects the baby's body from rain, snow, wind, frost. This includes children's outerwear made from waterproof and windproof materials. This layer should be waterproof, on the one hand, and windproof, and on the other hand, it should provide drainage that has evaporated from the body of moisture that has passed through the previous two layers. This function is well performed by membrane tissues. The principle of their operation is simple: on the surface of the material there is a certain number of microscopic pores, which are several times larger than vapor molecules, but smaller than water molecules. Therefore, sweat in the form of vapors easily passes through the membrane, and raindrops are retained outside.

If you wear three-layer clothing in the off-season, then the top layer should be without insulation. This will provide the baby with comfort in autumn and spring at temperatures up to +5 degrees. At temperatures from 0 to -25, the baby will not freeze if he wears thermal underwear, a second layer and a winter children's outerwear in the form of overalls, or jackets with insulation. When choosing winter outerwear, pay attention to whether the seams are well stitched and taped, whether the jacket has an inner belt that protects against cold wind blowing.

Three-layer clothing provides perfect breathability and thermal insulation. It is on this principle that we recommend dressing babies for a walk.

I hope that after reading our article, you will be able to choose the optimal layers of clothing in winter. And do not even think to be guided by the principle: the more things, the warmer. It is the three-layer clothing system that will allow you to feel comfortable on a walk in the autumn-spring period.
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You can buy children's clothes in 3 layers at

Definition and types
The 3rd layer of clothing is a layer that is on top of the rest and reliably protects from wind, rain and even from cold.

Waterproof clothing
Waterproof clothing does not allow water to pass through in the form of drops. This is provided by a membrane or coating. Both of these layers are on the surface of the material. The membrane can be thought of as a foil that is applied to the material like a laminate. When a laminate is applied, two or more layers are bonded together under the influence of heat. These coatings are applied to the outside of the material.

Membrane or sputtering (coating)
Membranes are of higher quality than coatings, the ancestor of all because of the wear resistance compared to the coating. Coatings, on the contrary, offer a very attractive price-performance ratio and in many cases justify themselves.
There are 2 and 3 layer materials. Three-layer materials are a top layer, a membrane and a very thin layer of lining, which are glued together. These are very strong and durable jackets for high loads and use with backpacks and/or climbing belts, etc. In the case of two-layer materials, the outer material and the membrane are one piece, the mesh lining or taffeta is not glued to this layer. Depending on the model, there are jackets for relatively high loads with light to medium weight backpacks, or for everyday use.

There are materials with 2.5 layers. In this case, the membrane is coated with a protective layer (Gore-Tex Paclite in the form of a layer of carbon fiber) or spot sprayed in the form of a raster. Such products are very light, have a small overall size, but are not so resistant (a backpack can wipe or ruin the membrane in some time).

Comment: If you, as a student, wear a heavy backpack and often take it off and put it on, then this is a very large load on the membrane. In this case, it is better to choose a resistant durable material. The straps of a bag or backpack without adequate hemming can ruin the material of the jacket. In other cases, on the label of the jacket serving as the top 3rd layer, otherwise called Hardshell, there will be additional indications for using this model with a backpack. If we are talking about light backpacks, then this means a weight of about 6 kg, an average weight of up to 15 kg, and a heavy one of about 20 kg.
All others fall into the "very severe" category. The outer layer is decisive here: Nylon (or Polyamide) is less susceptible to abrasion than polyester. It also has a version of the ripstop construction. In such a tissue there is a checkered structure. If a tear is formed in such a tissue, then the subsequent tear will be less significant, since it will be stopped by each segment of this structure. The difference in prices can be explained by various reasons: for example, some manufacturers use thin adhesive tape 8mm for sticking the layer, the product becomes lighter, and the ability of the jacket to "breathe" will decrease. The design of the hood can also affect the price. The outer layers do not allow water to pass through, but they throw moisture out in the form of steam (sweat) - this will determine the activity of the "breathing" of the material - it is correct to call it the degree of water-vapor transmission. For this, certain temperature conditions are necessary under the jacket; the temperature of the doge should be higher than outside. However, in tropical rain, breathable material will not help ... Basically, you need to remember that when you act, a person generates heat and sweat, and even the best jacket cannot throw all the sweat out in the blink of an eye. It is also important to know, which is often not given enough attention, that the jacket also has impregnation. If, after washing, the impregnation is not renewed, then the upper layer may begin to absorb more moisture and the degree of active breathing of the jacket may drop sharply, and in addition, the degree of condensation formation will also be high and it will seem that the material passes moisture.
If talking about jackets with waterproof zippers, then in certain extreme cases they can let water through.
Basically, it is not always possible to answer the question for what exact temperature conditions the jacket is intended. This is very individual and depends on each individual (it is also due to the weather, the degree of fatigue, hunger, which determines the degree of freezing), the degree of humidity, windiness, quantity and quality underwear and degree of activity. It is very difficult to formulate a serious and precise definition here.

Down clothes
Most importantly, with all the innovations in the development of artificial fabrics, down products remain the best when considering the warmth-to-weight ratio. In this matter, there are a number of decisive factors for determining the quality of down clothing. Goose down is better than duck down.
The next item is the blend ratio: 80/20 means the blend ratio is 80% down and 20% feather. Down has a higher degree of insulation. Those. the more down, the lighter and warmer the product. The 94/6 ratio is the highest - there are no mixtures without feathers at all, they are necessary to stabilize the down. For everyday use, things with a mixture of 80/20 are quite suitable. For hiking or expeditions, you need things with a ratio of 90/60.
Quantity is also decisive in quality, i.e. filling volume. Weight is determined by the ounce mi (28g) of down blend in the measuring cylinder by compression for 24 hours. After that, the volume is measured in cubic inches (1 inch³ \u003d 15.62 cm³). A filling volume of 550 inch³ and above is considered good, 650 is top class and 850 inch³ is considered a leader. In other words, the larger the filling volume, the higher the degree of thermal insulation.
The outer material is also important. Here you need to choose a light or more resistant material. The origin of the down is also indicated on all down products.

membranes
Gore-Tex is used by several firms. There are several options: Classic, XCR (25% actively breathing membrane), Paclite (about the same as the XCR membrane, today used on lighter jackets), Soft Shell (name from the modern 'Soft Shells' waterproof, always with a thin micro -fleece, for relatively warm jackets).
Since September 2007, Gore has a new list of material categories, which is oriented by application - XCR and the classic membrane are long gone. Now there is Gore-Tex Pro Shell, Gore-Tex Performance Shell, Gore-Tex Paclite Shell and Gore-Tex Softshell.
All products remained, as before, reliable waterproof and actively breathing.
Pro Shell category for extreme athletes (for all nature enthusiasts and professionals), for all conditions where high air circulation clothing is needed. These products are very light and durable. The decisive factor in this fabric is its inner side (Micro-Grid-Technologie) consisting of a micro-mesh, which is used only in jackets with three layers of the Pro Shell series.
The Performance Shell material category is suitable for most activities - hiking, cycling or skiing.
In these two categories there are jackets made of both two-layer and three-layer material.
Paclite Shell is a fairly common material that has proven its properties more than once. Lightweight products with small overall dimensions and a high degree of air permeability (not to be confused with blowability) are, on the other hand, not as strong as the previous ones.
Softshells are pretty well known too - they're fully waterproof, taped seams, with a stretchy topsheet, but less wear resistant than Pro, Performance or Paclite Shells. In addition, Softshells has a thin fleece lining (always the outer material, the membrane and the lining are connected in one layer). Products made from this material are always somewhat warmer than the rest. The emphasis here is not always on high breathability and light weight, but rather on thermal insulation, which is often needed on the ski slopes.

• eVent, supplied by Montane, is the most actively breathable membrane on the market.


• Dermizax, also an extremely active breathable membrane marketed by Bergans, is based on a material that is almost pore-free.


• Membrain, a membrane owned by Marmot based on the Dermizax-Membran principle and has the same qualities


• Venturi, Schöffel membrane


• H2NO, from Patagonia uses a membrane based on polyurethane

Spraying (coatings)
Such materials are less breathable and less durable. However, their value for money is also good. There have been some changes in this area...

• Drytech, the spraying belongs to Mammut (and to completely confuse everything - there is not only spraying, but a membrane called Drytech.


• Precip, spraying from Marmot (there are Classic and -Plus options).


• Hyvent, sprayed by The North Face.


• Texapore, sprayed by Jack Wolfskin.


• High Performance, Meru coating (PU-Basis).


• T3000 light.

Softshells or otherwise soft layer of clothing
The Softshells type of clothing has already become a concept among tourist equipment and its victorious march can no longer be stopped.
This is due to the versatility of applications and high comfort. First of all, such clothes are used as outerwear and complement Hardshells at the same time - that is, waterproof jackets. Softshells are also "wind-repellent" or completely windproof (depending on the material) and waterproof. The advantage over waterproof jackets is that they consist of a stretchy and soft material that is often more insulating and breathable.

In 90% weather conditions, Softshell provides enough protection against various weather events. Only if the rainfall becomes very heavy or if the wind is strong the Softshell will reach its limits.
In this case, a windproof or waterproof membrane should be used (eg Gore-Tex Windstopper, 100% windproof membrane or Polartec Powershield, porous Membrane, 98% windproof).
Windproof membranes have one significant advantage - they are still actively breathing. Depending on the need and personal perception of the cold, everyone must decide for himself which product is best for him.

Interesting, but slightly different material on this topic can be read

In 1985, the US military first thought about a unified concept of all-weather military uniforms. The Ministry of Defense decided to issue a state order for the development and creation of such a set of uniforms that would work in the temperature range from +30 to -30 degrees. Thus, a kit or extended system of equipment for cold weather conditions was created.

This system of equipment provides seven layers of clothing from various high-tech materials, designed for different weather conditions. It should be noted that there were not always seven layers. The original version of the system had only five layers or layers of clothing. But since 1985, the system has been modified and improved several times. The prefix "Gen" (Generation) and the subsequent Roman numeral indicate the ordinal number of the generation of equipment. Today we will analyze the latest and this moment perfect third generation.

First, let's look at the history and reasons for the creation of this military uniform. was developed and put into service in the mid-2000s. The impetus for the development of steel fighting in Afghanistan, where the climate is extremely specific: it can be very hot in the plains and very cold in the mountainous regions. These conditions, combined with a general change in the colors of the US Army camouflage, served as an incentive to develop a qualitatively new type of clothing. For the manufacture of third-generation uniforms, more advanced materials have been used, such as Primaloft, Polartec and a new lightweight membrane material. The developers managed to military uniform even lighter, more compact and efficient.

How to combine layers of GEN III equipment - basic scheme.

Since 2004, this system has been actively used by the 10th mountain and 82nd airborne divisions. Also, due to severe weather conditions, one of the first to receive it were units stationed in Alaska. Thus, this system has been tested in the combat conditions of Afghanistan and in the conditions of the far north in Alaska. And I must say that she did an excellent job with the tasks.

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