Image of geometric shapes of different types and sizes. How to teach a child to recognize geometric shapes in a playful way? Why should a child learn geometric shapes

Can you compose animals from geometric shapes?

Never tried?

Then you should look at the pictures on the site, where various animals are made up of geometric shapes. Offer these drawings to your children: they will surely appreciate their originality.

geometric world

In everything that surrounds us, you can find elements of geometry.

The table can be round or square, our houses are parallelepipeds, etc. Have you seen how artists paint? They first outline the contours of the object with a base of geometric shapes, and only then draw smooth lines around them. They see the world as geometric, and smooth or soft lines only hide real essence of things.

In pedagogy for children preschool age there is even a whole direction where children are taught to see pure geometric shapes in everything. This is Mary's pedagogy. She believed that pure geometric shapes contribute to better development children and their orientation in the world. It cannot be said that this system is ideal, but it has found its supporters.

And now let's remember the works of artists of the era of modernism and postmodernism. Pictures full of squares, triangles, circles, trapeziums and all sorts of figures painted in different colors rise before my eyes. This is how the painters of the new era saw the world, and this must have been the basis. They tried to convey this world untouched by human hands. Their desire was to show that all of us and all the objects around us are made up of geometric shapes. Our whole world, if you look closely, is solid geometry.

How to use pictures with children

It is quite understandable that the question arises: artists are one thing, but why do children need such a vision of the world?

Of course, pictures with animals from geometric shapes do not aim to impose on the baby an extraordinary vision of the world. However, why not show that such an interpretation of everything that surrounds us is possible.

The pictures can be interesting and exciting to study the names of geometric shapes. From a simple display and repetition, the child quickly gets tired and begins to refuse classes, even if their mother conducts them at home. Another thing is if the figures need to be found in animals. There is genuine curiosity here.

When you have fully studied with your child the names of the figures and their appearance, ask the child to show his vision of the world. Let an animal or any object be taken as an example.

Ask: what geometric figure does it look like.

Such exercises:

1. - develop observation skills;
2. - improve logical and spatial thinking;
3. - contribute to the vision of an object hidden behind the outer shell.

The kid learns to see and observe what others cannot or cannot see. Is this not the education of an artist and a creative person?

And you can play the reverse game. Imagine that you are an abstract artist. Let one of you draw something consisting of geometric shapes, and the other will try to guess what is drawn. Postmodern painters often encoded their drawings on a canvas filled with squares, rectangles, trapezoids… the same kind of puzzles were offered earlier by children's magazines.

You yourself can create such a puzzle: you just need a little imagination and a look at the world through the prism of geometry.

Click on the picture to download this exercise book for kids for free.
Examples of notebook pages with applications for children from 1 to 3 years old.

Applications for children from 4 to 7 years. Click on the picture to download this book.

Learning geometry with young children is a rather funny process, because at this age they gain experience and replenish their existing knowledge. And the study of figures also helps to develop thinking and memory. How to correctly “present” geometric shapes to children 3-4 years old?

We act in stages

So, geometric shapes are important for the development of children. For their development to be successful, it is worth using the following rules.

• We start our acquaintance with the simplest shapes (these will be a circle, a triangle and a square).
• At the initial stage, it is better that all the figures are of the same color and size, so as not to distract the baby with unnecessary details.
• We remember the age (at 2 years we master only the circle, square and triangle; by 3 years we add an oval, rhombus, rectangle; by 4 - a trapezoid, a star, five- or hexagons).
• Training should be multifaceted so that the child constantly reinforces the acquired skills (we trace the shape with our fingers, learn to find shapes around and distinguish them, sort them by type, size, create and analyze applications, sculpt, cut, play with cards or lotto, fix shapes in active games ).

Start studying with flat images, gradually showing the child the difference between a plane and a volume, teaching to compare a three-dimensional geometric body with its planar image.

Where to start studying?

To begin with, you can introduce the child to the image of a circle: circle your fingers, tell what it is. In a day, start looking around yourself for everything that reminds him. If the baby is at a loss, parents should help him. The following figures are studied in a similar way.

Then explain to the child that three-dimensional figures similar to flat ones (a square is like a cube, a circle is like a ball). Let him try to correlate them, finding analogies around him. To do this, it is useful to show the baby a flat image, asking them to get the same object from the bag, but voluminous, and also to look for “hidden” figures while walking, reading books or watching cartoons.

A special “geometric” lotto helps to consolidate the knowledge gained: cards with geometric shapes that need to be placed in places on the game map. Lotto can be made independently. To begin with, the cards are taken in one color. Later, you can add other colors - it's harder to find the right pair.

This is also facilitated by tactile recreation of a given form: drawing, modeling, laying out from different objects, cutting, mosaic, appliqué. As more and more new figures are mastered, applications can become more complex: not just squares on a square sheet or circles on a round one, but whole pictures consisting of different figures. When creating them, you need to say which figure will serve as which part of the composition (the circle - the sun or the wheel, the triangles - the Christmas trees, the roof, etc.).

We improve and consolidate

The study of geometric shapes for preschoolers closer to 4 years old should constantly become more complicated. For example, the baby should already learn to distinguish figures in shape and size, as well as in the actions that can be performed with them (roll, fold into a tower). A little later, he will learn to sort geometric bodies according to two criteria (which geometric objects can be rolled, but cannot be stacked on top of each other, or which objects cannot be rolled, but can be built into a turret).

It is useful to consolidate the acquired geometric knowledge in the form of active game activities, during which the child must move along a certain trajectory (go around the circle, crawl around the square, “jump” the triangle drawn on the asphalt). Then, when such games are mastered, they are complicated (to pass, holding a spoon with a ball in their hands, to run, driving a ball along the ground).

All this will help him to more fully prepare for school, develop memory, spatial and logical thinking. The main thing is to engage with the child systematically.

We bring to your attention developmental exercises for children 5-6 years old, which in an accessible and entertaining form will help the child learn the basics of geometry, as well as develop visual and auditory perception, voluntary attention, memory, logical and spatial thinking.

Lesson with a child of this age should last no more than 25 - 30 minutes. Explain to the child the task, if necessary, help in its implementation. Make sure the task is completed correctly.

To work, the baby will need colored pencils or felt-tip pens.

Do not forget to follow the correct posture of the baby, as well as praise him for his efforts.

Good luck to you and your children!

Task number 1

Color the figures so that the circle lies on the square.

Task number 2

Color the figures so that the triangle lies on a trapezoid.

Task number 3

Color the figures so that the oval lies on the rhombus.

Task number 4

Color the shapes so that the pentagon lies on the rectangle.

Task number 5

Find the continuation of each chain. Connect the beginning and end of the chain. Color them. What shapes are they?

Task number 6

Draw in the empty cells the figures that these objects look like. Name the figures.

Task number 7

Connect objects with lines with similar geometric bodies.

Task number 8

Circle straight lines in red, curves in blue, broken lines in green.

Task number 9

Hatch the circle with vertical lines, the square with horizontal lines, and the triangle with oblique lines.

Task number 10

Various lines are drawn here, and among them are broken ones. Find and count broken lines. Count their links. Look what the artist has drawn at the ends of the broken lines. Draw the same objects at their opposite ends.

Task number 11

Continue the broken lines so that you get different objects. Name what you got.

Task number 12

Use a ruler to connect the dots to form polygons. Color the polygon with all right angles red. Color the polygon with all obtuse angles blue. Explain why one figure remained unpainted.

Task number 13

Put colored pencils dots at the intersections of the lines.

Task number 14

Circle an extra line in each row. Explain how it differs from others.

Task number 15

Circle right angles with red pencil, sharp ones with green, and obtuse ones with blue.

Task number 16

With a red pencil, mark the vertices of the polygons, and with a blue pencil, mark the sides of the polygons.

Task number 17

Why teach a small child geometric shapes? Surely, many parents do not even think about this issue, simply paying tribute to fashion and teaching mathematics to the baby almost from birth. Meanwhile, geometric shapes for children, their timely study play a big role in the knowledge of the environment, introducing one of the main properties of objects - shape. This is necessary for the development of logical thinking, spatial representations, and the improvement of mathematical abilities. That is why it is important to start getting acquainted with geometric shapes as early as possible, reinforcing the knowledge of the children with exciting tasks in everyday life.

What should a child know about geometric shapes

Important: Geometric figures - common standards, measure of the shape of objects. Therefore, the home familiarization of the child with the forms should not take place separately, but in the system of sensory (sensual) education. Best of all, the baby will remember the shape when he simultaneously considers the color, size, purpose of the object, since knowledge is actively used in a variety of activities and is better remembered.

Learning geometric shapes with kids: the main rules

Important: How to teach a child to name and distinguish geometric shapes easy and fast! To do this, you need to follow certain rules. With chaotic, inconsistent learning, the baby can confuse the figures, not see their similarity and difference.

Riddles in verse

I have no corners and I look like a saucer, a plate and a lid, a ring and a wheel. Who am I, friends? Name me (circle).

He's been my friend for a long time, every corner in him is straight. All four sides are the same length. I am glad to present it to you. What is his name? (square).

Look at the figure and draw in the album, three angles, three sides connect with each other. It turned out not a square, but a beautiful one (triangle).

There is such a circle - a very strange appearance. The circle became flattened, it turned out suddenly (oval).

We stretched the square and presented it at a glance. Who did he look like or something very similar?
Neither a brick, nor a triangle - became a square (rectangle).

Fairy tale "Two brothers" (an adult draws to the rhythm of the verse)

A long time ago in a dark forest in a figured hut there lived two brothers, two squares. And they were twins. See for yourself:
See in the picture - each has 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 tops.
Somehow the first square was walking among the bushes, knocking on the path with four corners.
And the animals say: “Who is this? The first square or its brother, the second square? How similar they are!
Remember in the picture: 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 tops.
The square was tired of being confused with his brother, and he decided to change, to turn into another figure.
He took scissors and cut off four corners. Turned into a circle and rolled along the path.
And now the brothers live wonderfully, now it is difficult to confuse the brothers:
One rides on the tracks, the other walks on four corners - four legs.
Until now, two brothers are friends - a circle with a square!

Important: Features of children's perception of geometric shapes are not at all the same as in adults. For example, an adult sees objects according to their shapes (a saucepan is a cylinder, a window is a rectangle). The child, on the contrary, first objects the form (square - kite, a triangle - the roof of the house, a circle - a ball, several circles - glasses, beads). With proper training, he begins to abstract from objects and perceive a familiar figure in the environment, for example, a glass as a cylinder (cylindrical), a roof as a triangle (triangular), a ball as a ball (round).

Playing with geometric shapes!

Teachers remind that preschoolers receive basic knowledge about geometric shapes in kindergarten, and homework is aimed at consolidating what is being studied. Therefore, the most the best remedy at home there will be a game as the main activity of the kids. It is in the game that, unobtrusively, easily and quickly, the child will learn all the names of the figures, learn to compare and distinguish them. Among educational games for learning geometric shapes, board games are the most popular. They can be played in the evenings, during family leisure, made part of any home activity, entertainment.

"What's Hiding"

The classic game is understandable and accessible even to a two-year-old baby. An adult lays out images of familiar figures in front of the child: a circle, a square, a triangle. Since there must be at least five cards, figures are used for the number different color and sizes, for example, two squares - large and small, two triangles - blue and yellow, one circle. Consider them with the child, discuss, make sure that he understands what figures are in front of him and can name them correctly. Then the baby closes his eyes, the adult hides one of the figures and asks what is hidden. With age, the number of figures increases, new ones are added to the old ones.

"One Word"

The game "geometric figures" is aimed at the formation of generalizations of the same type of figures in children. An adult needs to prepare circles, squares and triangles of different sizes and colors. The preschooler must distribute the presented figures into groups, regardless of color and size, call them a generalizing word, for example, all squares. Alternatively, you can complicate tasks by offering to group shapes only by color or size.

"Wonderful bag"

Games by type" wonderful bag" are well known to children of kindergarten age. They are useful in that they give an idea of ​​the contours of objects, teach examination by touch and exercise in distinguishing shapes. An adult prepares a bag with objects of various shapes, for example, a cube, a ball, a ball, a brick, a conical pyramid. The player examines them and names the shape of the toy he wants to get.To complicate the task, older children are invited to find any specific shape, for example, "Find a round toy."

"Magic Glasses"

Pre-prepared improvised glasses made of thick paper of various shapes: round, square. The game is interesting for all the guys, it helps to expand their understanding of geometric shapes, to find objects of a certain shape in the surrounding space. For example, a child puts on round glasses and looks for everything round around him: a plate, the bottom of a vase, a ceiling lamp by a chandelier, a carpet, grandmother's glasses. For each correct match, the player is awarded a chip, and then receives an incentive prize at the end of the game.

"Patches - patches"

For a lesson on consolidating ideas about geometric shapes, you need a selection of pictures depicting various objects in which there are "holes" - unpainted places of various shapes, for example, a dress has a round hole, a square one in a boot. Among the different "patches" the child chooses the right one and connects it with the object. It will be interesting if an adult himself prepares images for the game, for example, cuts out things from paper (sweater, skirt, trousers, boots, hat). As an option for playing "patches - patches", you can purchase didactic game into Velcro, which are very similar in terms of rules and content

"What's Broken"

Such a task will help teach children to notice what form is missing in the depicted object, develops attention. For the game, you can use pictures, appliqué from cut out parts, building material. The main thing is that the object should consist of parts of a geometric shape. For example, an adult lays out the application "house", where the details are a triangle - a roof, a rectangle - a wall, a square - a window, a small rectangle - a door, a circle - a window in the attic, a quadrangle - a pipe. The child carefully examines the image and closes his eyes, the adult removes any detail, mixing it with any others. You need to guess what broke at the house and "fix" by finding the missing part. In the future, you can complicate the task by not immediately adding a certain form or removing two forms at the same time. If this is a drawn image, then the child paints on the missing details, for example, a circle is a wheel by a car, rectangles are windows by a turret.

"Playing with sticks"

An interesting task for middle and older preschoolers, at the same time develops motor skills and the ability to make geometric shapes. If there are no counting sticks, you can use matches or toothpicks, prepare them first, cut off the sulfuric head or sharp ends so that the baby does not get hurt. Such a task can be carried out in the form of a competition during family leisure, "who will make the figure the fastest?", "Who has the most difficult figure?". Then mark the winner with a prize. At some point, it must be a child. An adult, for example, can mark it original solution or a carefully and neatly laid out figure.

"What was useful to the artist in the picture"

For older preschoolers, you can use the original task of looking at pictures, which not only reinforces the name of the figures, but also develops visual perception, the ability to see different forms in an unusual setting. An adult selects illustrations of the appropriate content, which the artist draws using geometric shapes. Then he invites the preschooler to look at the picture and find familiar shapes. If any of them are still unfamiliar to a preschool child, be sure to pay attention to them and tell what they are called, what objects are similar to them. Complicating the game, you can calculate how many geometric shapes it took to depict the picture.

"Geometric Lotto"

The classic task for introducing children to geometric shapes teaches them to compare the shape of an object with a geometric figure, to select images based on a standard. To get a competitive moment, interesting for the kids, it is better to play with the whole family. The rule is classic: on large cards - images of different shapes, for example, an oval, a circle, a triangle. The facilitator says the name of the item on a small card, for example, an apple, a cucumber, a handkerchief, a TV. Players look for the shape of the named object on their card and cover it with the corresponding picture. The player who quickly and correctly closes the card wins.

"Geometric Mosaic"

Such an educational game will help the kids consolidate their ideas about geometric shapes. In addition, it will teach preschoolers to transform them, focusing on the standard (sample), will help creative imagination. The rules of the game are simple and accessible to children of any age, for older ones - the number of details increases, the plots become more complicated. Players must collect any objects from several geometric shapes. For kids it can be houses different sizes and configurations, cars, turrets, bridges, the sun, flowers, patterns; for older children - figurines of fairy-tale or cartoon characters, plot pictures: a vase of flowers, a street, a road, a carpet, animals, people of different professions. Be sure to note the creativity of the preschool child, to praise him. It is possible to leave the posted picture for a while to show to all relatives. The main thing is that such a developing mosaic can be purchased at a special store, or you can do it yourself like Montessori toys.

How to introduce a child to geometry?

Geometry- a science with which it is possible and necessary to teach children from an early age.

This page contains a selection of materials - cards, coloring books, themes for assignments, games, with the help of which it will be easy for you to introduce your child to the basic geometric shapes and figures.
You can open, download and print all materials via direct links.

Cards with geometric shapes and shapes

Bright cards with the most basic geometric shapes and forms. The cards can be used as a visual aid in the first lesson.

Geometry for children - coloring, copybook, workbook

1. Coloring book for children 3-5 years old. On each page of the notebook there are simple graphic exercises and tasks.
Download

2. Workbook in 2 parts with clear and interesting tasks for children 3-4 years old. By completing tasks, the child will get acquainted with geometry and learn the names of geometric shapes and forms.
Download Download
3. Another very good book for introductory classes with geometry for children 4-5 years old. There are a lot of exciting and funny tasks in the notebook, completing which the child will easily learn the basic basics and concepts of geometry.

4. A notebook with educational and developmental tasks for children 6-7 years old.
In the notebook, the child is asked to complete simple graphic tasks. The child learns to work with a ruler and a compass.
Download

Books about geometry for children

1. Entertaining book in verse "Merry geometry for the little ones" - author Alexander Timofeevsky.

Funny and playful poems will help kids quickly get to know and remember a lot of important information about geometric shapes and the scale of objects.
In the cheerful poems of A. Timofeevsky, humor and a joke will help the little reader to correlate the still incomprehensible geometric concepts with long-familiar everyday objects. Children will see a trapeze in a skirt, a circle in a plate, and a cylinder in a pipe. And, as the poet said, "school sciences will fall into their own hands."
The book can be downloaded and printed, but of course it is better to purchase the original.

You can buy the book "Funny geometry for the little ones" in the online store "Labyrinth" -