All gear decided. Equipment for the beginner hiker

So you're off on a hike. The route has been chosen, the place has been booked, tickets have been bought, you are standing in the middle of the room, things are laid out on the floor, a backpack is in the center and main question any novice hiker: “How? How do you fit all this into a backpack?

We will try to help you with this task and describe the most common principles in this article: how to choose travel backpack ; how to assemble it correctly, how to properly adjust it, how to properly wear a backpack on a hike, and here are the most common mistakes that beginners make during training before a hike.

Our article will help you choose travel backpack, so that you do not get confused, standing in the store and looking at the huge selection of all kinds of models.

We also note that a backpack, shoes and a tent are what we recommend not to save on and approach the choice of this equipment with particular seriousness.

Experienced tourists will confirm our words that there is no universal backpack and that each hike has its own nuances. The first backpack will serve you as long as possible if, before you go to buy it, you already know exactly the schedule of your trips for the season. But, even following all our recommendations, only after walking several tens of kilometers with a backpack behind you, you will be able to understand exactly what kind of backpack you want to wear, and what features are especially important for you.

The first thing to know about a travel backpack is that backpacks vary in volume, which is measured in liters. In a specialized store you can find backpacks from 40 before 130 liters. In addition, there are female and male models and models, with different types designs.

You should also decide on the type of hike and the climatic conditions that will be throughout the journey.

So, for a winter hike, you need to take more things, which means that you need a larger backpack. The number of things in a water trip is significantly different from a hike in the mountains and plains. Please note that, for example, climbing Elbrus begins in a temperature regime of about +15 +20, and at the top it can be up to -20. We recommend that you clarify this point with the organizers of your trip in advance.

What size backpack to choose?

Of course, and in small backpack you can pack all the necessary things, but for this you need to know how to properly pack the equipment and a lot of skill that comes with experience. In addition, with a small backpack, it often becomes necessary to hang large items "overboard", which can cause a lot of inconvenience. With a large backpack, the situation is quite the opposite: the temptation to put a lot of unnecessary things is too great and the weight of the backpack can become simply unbelievable.

Depending on the build and training, an adult traveling on a weekend trip enough backpack in 40-65 liters.

— hiking on relatively flat terrain men need from 80 to 100 liters, women - from 60 to 80 liters;
— for mountain tourism men should stock up on a backpack from 90 liters, women the same 60-80 liters;
— water tourism or hiking with skis implies the presence of additional equipment and equipment, therefore volumes of 130 liters for men and 80 liters for women are recommended.

These numbers are very arbitrary, but will help you navigate in choosing the right backpack for the first hike. Do not forget about the individual characteristics of each. For example, a fragile girl can comfortably cover huge distances under backpacks of 80 liters, while young man Hiking can feel like hell with a backpack and 60 liters. Everything is very individual and is known only in practice.

Some of the quality backpack manufacturers make backpacks in sizes (from S to XL) or with the ability to adjust the size yourself.

Types of backpacks:

easel backpacks have a strong frame in their design, to which a suspension (belts, belt, straps) and a bag are attached. This version of the backpack was very popular at the end of the last century, but now it is practically not used by tourists, because. the frame is quite significant in weight and extremely rigid in use.

frame backpack type is now the most popular type of travel backpack, thanks to the most thoughtful weight distribution due to special inserts made of plastic or metal. Most often, the plates are sewn into the backpack, but there are also models with removable “armours”, which makes it easier to store the backpack (it can be rolled up).

Soft design backpack but due to the absence of any rigid inserts. This greatly simplifies its storage (it can be compactly folded both on a hike if necessary, and at home when there are no hikes), however, such backpacks need to be able to be properly stowed in order to make it tough with your own things, and this is not an easy task for beginners.

Structural elements of a tourist backpack:

Webbing system- this is 80% of your comfort on a hike. The straps should be firmly attached to the frame of the backpack, be elastic and soft, all seams are well stitched, do not slip or cut into the neck. When trying on a backpack in a store, pay attention to the buckles, they should allow the tourist to adjust the straps in an already worn and loaded backpack.

Unloading belt- redistributes the load from the shoulders and spine to the hips. The belt should be approximately at the level of the bones on the hips. Pay attention to the fact that the belt is wide enough and soft. It is very important that a convenient buckle is fixed on it, which allows not only to fit it as much as possible to the structure of your body, but also to quickly throw off the backpack if necessary.

Flap and pockets- are used mainly for storing small items that are often needed during movement, or for those items that did not fit into the main volume of the backpack. And if the valve is in all modern models, and also serves to protect things from rain, then manufacturers refuse from pockets more and more often, because. loading them, the tourist increases the volume and shifts the center of gravity of the burden.

Additional hinges, ties, fasteners serve to attach to a backpack necessary tools(for example, ice axes, rope, even a tent).

bottom entrance may not always come in handy, especially if you have laid a rug around the perimeter of the backpack, so this detail may be considered “optional” when choosing a first backpack for a trip.

Waterproof case on a backpack in modern models is often included. It protects your belongings from getting wet during a long transition in the rain, from mud and is even used to transport a backpack through water.

Your actions in the store when buying a travel backpack:

• carefully study the design of the backpack;
• pay attention to the quality of the fabric and seams;
• all buckles and fasteners must be strong, and the ties pass through them freely;
• the material on the back should be soft and, preferably, with a ventilating insert;
• the level of attachment of the straps on the back should fall approximately in the middle of the shoulder blades, if this mark is noticeably higher or lower, then you should choose a different backpack in size or height;
• adjust the backpack loaded, fastening and tightening all possible fastenings, to the perfect result.

How to assemble a backpack

There is a main rule here - proper weight distribution.

Before you start packing your backpack, make a list of things you will need on the hike, lay out the things on the floor and organize them into groups: for example, things for sleeping, general equipment, heavy items, items that are often used on a hike, bulky things, clothes.

Try to use the entire volume of the backpack and do not leave voids, because. during movement, this will lead to a shift in weight in the backpack and entail a lot of inconvenience.

And now for the points:

• at the very bottom they put voluminous things and things that are useful only in the evening or during the stay (sleeping clothes, sleeping bag), a tent and a karemat are usually attached outside;
• the heaviest things are distributed along the back, while trying to put soft objects between things and the back, so you will avoid sharp corners that will fit into your back;
• it is better to pack the things of the group that fell on you during distribution in a separate bag so that you can get them easily and not look for too long throughout the backpack;
• items that you plan to use frequently (camera, phone, map, medicines, water, insect protection, etc.) should be placed at the very top to simplify the process of accessing them;
• it is better to pack all small-sized things in a separate container or bag so that they do not spill over the backpack;
• documents, money, phones, chargers and everything that is a pity, it is better to pack in waterproof bags;
• fragile items and crumbling food should be placed as close to the top as possible.
  After the backpack is assembled, put it on, adjust and go for a walk. You should be comfortable and comfortable. If this is not the case, try moving things around to even out the load's center of gravity.

How to properly adjust your backpack

When you have decided what to pack for your trip and properly packed your things, it is time to put on your backpack and adjust it so that the trip is as comfortable as possible and does not turn into a nightmare.

The first desire - to pick up the backpack and throw it over your shoulders with force - should be ignored. The weight of the backpack is quite significant and such an attempt may fail and even lead to injury.

In order to properly adjust a tourist backpack filled with things, you should loosen the straps and put it, taking it by the handle, on some kind of elevation (at home it can be a chair, table, cabinet), and only then alternately throw the straps over your shoulders.
If there was no elevation at hand, then instead of it you can use your own leg bent at the knee

Adjustment of the backpack must begin with the lower mounts. Pull up the weight belt so that the buckle is half way between your thighs. The belt should fit your hips as anatomically as possible and take up to half the weight of the backpack.
After that, start adjusting the webbing straps. It is not worth pulling them up too actively so as not to transfer all the weight from the unloading belt to the shoulders, but not too weakly so that the backpack does not lean back when walking. Make sure that the straps do not dig into the neck, but chest strap did not interfere with free breathing and movement.
If this is your first experience with assembling and adjusting a backpack, then we recommend walking around the apartment in it or even walking around the yard in order to fit it as accurately as possible. If you are not comfortable, it is worth pulling out extra things or redistributing the weight within the space of the backpack.

How to wear a backpack

In order to understand how to properly wear a backpack, just follow the rules that we announced above:

1. It’s not worth saving on a backpack, but we wouldn’t recommend mindlessly buying the most expensive first backpack either.
2. A backpack should not be bought online. It is better to spend a little time, go to the store, try everything on.
3. You need to choose a backpack based on: a) your own anatomical features and preferences (no one has canceled the concept of a “beautiful backpack”), b) hiking conditions (hiking, mountain, water, etc.), c) the quality of materials, threads and accessories, d) own feelings.
4. The heaviest things in the backpack should be located along the back, the most necessary - on top, those that will be needed only in the evening - at the very bottom.
5. There should be no voids in the backpack.
6. A correctly put on and adjusted backpack is comfortable to wear, does not move anywhere when moving, and sits tightly.
7. With an assembled, adjusted backpack, you should walk around, try to lean in different directions, and make sure of your own confidence in your movements.
8. Please note that personal belongings in the campaign should not be more than 10 kg! They will add another 4 to 12 kg (depending on the duration and autonomy of the trip and your gender). normal weight a backpack for a hike of medium difficulty for 10 days for a girl about 17 kg, and for a man about 23 kg.

We wish you nothing but the best hiking experience and hope this article will help you choose the perfect first backpack for you.

And we also have useful articles on choosing other equipment you need for hiking.

This year, our first page of hiking stories in the Crimea was opened. Prior to this route, we made only sightseeing trips during one daylight hours and without the appropriate equipment. Finally, we bought sleeping bags, backpacks for tourism and a four-seater tent, we already had a burner, and we outlined the first real hiking route in our life, first on the map. Now it was up to us to carry out our plans on the ground.

It was a family trip, two adults - me and my husband, and two children - a teenage son and a daughter, going to first grade on September 1. We decided to distribute all the equipment according to the age and degree of endurance of each participant, with respect for the female half of our small group. Each carried his own sleeping bag and personal items of clothing, they were taken at a minimum for a shift and in case of windy cool weather. I carried additional medicines in my small sports backpack for various cases (poisoning, bruises, wounds, bites), special tweezers for pulling out ticks, soap, toothbrushes with paste, matches, candles - in case of failure of LED Chinese headlamps, rug , water. My daughter couldn't go on a hike without her favorite plush dog with the nickname "Blueberry" because of the color of the material. soft toys and a small Winx heart-shaped pillow. Husband and son took the brunt of camping belongings. My husband had a backpack with a capacity of up to 60 liters with a tent from the Finnish company Halti behind him, which has proven itself and has been tested by us in practice over the past few years in repeated use; gas burner with cylinders; two small saucepans; two tin mugs with spoons, a knife and a fork (specially taken for the husband); water. The rest of the water and food, a camera, as well as elastic bandages for injuries and sprains of joints and ligaments, were carried by the son in a backpack with a capacity of up to 40 liters.

We planned to complete the route in no more than three days and two nights. That's how it actually happened. At this time, our camping provisions consisted of 10 liters of water, 5 cans of proven premium stew, one loaf of black bread sliced, packs of dryers, 6 packs of instant noodles, tea bags, sugar 0.5 kg, rice 0.5 kg and buckwheat 0.5 kg, salt. No fruits and vegetables, everything that quickly spoils, chokes, stains and weakens, you can have apples and potatoes, but none of us wanted to drag them. Already on the hike, I remembered, when I saw wrappers from sweets of the same type, thrown, like identification marks, one every 500-700 meters on trail 138 by some tourist / who is a caramel lover, that I had to take sweets with me, exclusively to tea. But no more than that, because after them you want to drink and water is wasted. I miscalculated with bread, for this reason at the end of the trip there was one unopened can of stew, they didn’t want to eat it without bread, and I also had to take another bag of dryers, which diverged with a bang with morning tea for breakfast. Personal weight, which may have been lost on the campaign, was then made up for at sea in the village of Zavodskoye. I returned from vacation feeling better, as if there were no hiking conditions.

First day of the hike. Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall and Khapkhal gorge.

We started from the village of Generalskoe. We arrived there the night before. We found out about lodging and parking. We were placed by local Tatars in one of the houses for 80 hryvnias per person, the bathroom and kitchen were in the house. They also, in a cafe, we had a bite of pilaf and tea with delicious pies with blackberries and raspberries. We slept well after a long road to the Crimea, got up in the morning and began to pack. Everything unnecessary for the trip was put into a car, which was placed in the yard of one of the local residents under guard for 50 hryvnia for the duration of the entire trip. We went to the store to buy more food and went down to the spring near the village. The clock showed the beginning of the twelfth day. They collected spring water. The UAZ drivers involved in the transportation of tourists to the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall, found out a little about the ascent to the Northern Demerdzhi, asked which way to go to the waterfall and went.

I will say that it was not at all easy, but interesting and certainly not boring trip. Firstly, they usually rise from the South Demerdzhi and go to the North Demerdzhi, descending from it, often through the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall. We decided to go in the opposite direction. This route was chosen by us deliberately and unanimously. The fact is that in 2011 we already made an attempt to get to the top of South Demerdzhi from the side of the Valley of Ghosts from the village of Radiant. We had already climbed there, and there was no desire to repeat that path. Secondly, a seven-year-old child was walking with us, which added responsibility and we had to take into account the pace of walking familiar to children, slowing down our speed. Thirdly, we are still those walkers! We see a path, joyfully turn onto it, and then, beckoning us to follow, it suddenly disappears, and we are left to wander in conjecture along a thick carpet of fallen leaves, making our way between fallen and broken by a thunderstorm with the wind trees. If only navigators always worked in those places! It happened again: three times for the entire route we went astray, twice we had to return to the starting position, winding unnecessary kilometers of the way.

The first time it happened at the beginning of the hike, after passing the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall. At the cordon, the workers of the Khapkhalsky hydrological reserve, who provided for tourists, having learned about our intentions, began to warn that the route was difficult, there was a sheer cliff, and they doubted how the child and I would go along it. Remembered the weather forecast promising rain. We definitely can’t walk on wet rock. They won’t let us set up a tent in the reserve for the night, they will take a fine, so they unanimously recommended that we return and follow trail 138, along which we were just planning to return from Demerdzhi-yayla through Dzhurla. In general, they were a little intimidated, but even without them we knew that it was strictly forbidden to walk on the rocks in the rain, and our daughter already had an idea from real experience about how different trails in the Crimea can be.

From their information, I understood that difficulties with the rock would await us closer to the ascent at the edge of the Demerdzhi plateau, but it turned out not to be the case at all. The rock was not far from the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall itself, now I know that these are rock ledges - the so-called "cheeks", squeezing the riverbed on both sides. I would listen to my husband, who offered to go along it. I saw the path, which at first glance went around the obstacle. We moved along it and deviated from the intended route. We understood this when we began to gain altitude, and the surroundings of the mountains were better visible, above which, by the way, rain clouds were gathering. We had to either go to the intersection with trail 147 and go along it to Demerdzhi-yayla through Tyrke-Yayla, forgetting about the original plan, or go down back to the rock. There were 2-3 hours left before dusk, it was easier to return to the fork than to move forward or, in the worst case, pitch a tent in the middle of a continuous felling. Moreover, I understood that when turning onto trail 147, the deep Khapkhal gorge would remain hidden to the curious eye, but my inner instinct told me that it should be very beautiful in the gorge itself.

That's for sure, I fell into the trap of the Crimean gnomes, diligently poring day and night over the creation of that rock that blocked the path to the picturesque upper reaches of the mountain river Ulu-Uzen East or Megapotamo (translated from the Crimean Tatar and Greek as "big (great) river (stream). This very rock did not turn out to be a difficult obstacle for us, but we will remember it under the name "leading to the side." We crossed it easily, and before our eyes a beautiful view of a pristine forest on the moderately steep slopes of the Khapkhal gorge and a crystal clear water stream, cascading down onto stone blocks and breaking into multi-tiered baths and baths, seething streams and quiet shallow waters, opened up before our eyes. Truly, the "Wolf's Mouth", as it is called HapKhal (Khab-Khal), can be a synonym for royal grandeur, impeccable beauty, wild sinlessness and secular peace. Struck by the splendor that had opened up, we walked in quiet leisurely along the stream, as we were advised by a young man who met immediately behind the rock "leading to the side" and who knew this area well. He said that the rock is the most slippery place, and there will be no further difficulties, all paths will in any case lead to the top of the Demerdzhi-yayla plateau, the main thing is to stick to the left bank (not orographically in our case) and not go sharply to the right.

In response to a question in the article, I decided to try to write a short article on choosing equipment for a novice tourist.

When describing the equipment, I tried to choose what is suitable for both a one-day trip and a week-long trip. The season is summer or, in extreme cases, the off-season. In the future, this set should be basic and supplemented and changed based on experience, difficulty category, season, terrain, etc.

1. Equipment

1.1. Backpack.
Depending on the time you are going for, take a backpack of 15-60 liters: for short one-day hikes - 15-25 liters, for trips of 2-5 days - 45-60 liters. Larger backpacks for longer hikes are definitely not for beginners.
On the advice of Your text to link...

a man from 16 years old - 90-110 liters, a woman and a child under 16 years old - 80 liters.
so everything will fit inside, you won’t need to drag group things in your hands and the belongings of a suddenly weakened comrade’s kalich

by the volume of the backpack - from the experience of children's and adults' hiking and water trips along rivers and forests Nizhny Novgorod region for 3-20 days. those who buy a smaller backpack either hang junk outside or buy a different backpack.

Yes, on a small hike you can always pull the backpack with slings

Doing it this way or not is your decision, but personally I don't recommend it.
1.2. Documentation.
Just in case, take the documents. Take originals or take copies - everyone decides for himself. But in any case, you need to protect them from moisture.
1.3. Water and water filtration media.
The supply of water should be depending on the climate and terrain. Take 2-6 liters of water per day, for example, in bottles with a screw cap (they will come in handy later): less in winter, more in summer. Keep in mind that you may need extra water to cook food.
Instead of a flask, you can take a plastic bottle.
As a rule, it simply does not make sense to store a lot of water, because. in many places there are reservoirs (lakes, rivers, streams). In this case, take a water filter with you. The exceptions are the terrain that passes far from natural water bodies (for example, mountains). But for a novice tourist, IMHO, there is nothing to do there.
1.4. Food.
For a novice hiker, it is best that the food is ready to eat or easy to prepare.
If you decide to cook porridge, then take porridge in bags (buckwheat, rice, millet, in a bag of 80-100 grams of cereal), such porridge will not burn to the pot.
If the trip is a one-day trip, then it is possible to do without cooking at all. Use, for example, canned food: porridge with meat, cabbage rolls with meat, peppers stuffed with meat and others like that - just heat it up.
You do not need to take on a trip:
- perishable food products(dairy, cold cuts, fish, ready meals);
- products containing hot spices, alcohol, apricot kernels, cooking and confectionery fats, sodium pyrosulfate, edible table salt over 0.8 percent, nitrites over 0.03%;
- fruits and vegetables;
- confectionery products with a high content of confectionery products with cream fillers.
1.5. Clothing and footwear.
Clothes and shoes must not be new and must be worn.
If possible, I recommend clothes for beginner tourists bright colors possibly with reflective stripes. If necessary, this will attract additional attention.
Clothing must be long-sleeved/trouser-legged. protection and heat saving just in case should be more.
Shoes should be reliable and comfortable. As a budget replacement for hiking boots, you can use military berets, strong city boots, ordinary running shoes (for simple hikes like the Crimea), inexpensive trekking boots from little-known manufacturers (quite high-quality options come across). You can also take sneakers, but they are not suitable for every area, because. they have a thin sole (but they can be used, for example, for socks in the camp).
Cloth:
- Running pants - the best synthetic or blended fabric, it is light and dries quickly, unlike cotton. In the same pants you can go on a train / fly on an airplane. Don't wear jeans, they're overweight.
- Shirt / T-shirt. You can take any shirts and T-shirts for a hike that are in the house, except for synthetic ones. If a multi-day hike - take 2 pcs.
- Warm sweater or fleece (fleece or polartec jacket) - in case of bad weather. Must have a throat. On a one-day hike, you can take a windbreaker instead.
- Suit from wind and rain (jacket and pants). You can not take it on a one-day trip.
- Socks/underwear. In the case of a one-day hike, you can not take it (but if you get wet, you can rub your legs with wet socks, and your groin with wet shorts ...). In other cases, take 2-3 sets. Preferably woolen socks, because. wool absorbs sweat and, unlike other materials, allows moisture to evaporate. No need to store / wear torn socks, because. this can lead to the formation of calluses. Also wool, even wet, keeps warm. Socks made of synthetic threads for hiking are unacceptable, because they do not provide proper heat and air exchange when walking. Feet sweat quickly and blistering is possible.
- Underwear / thermal underwear. A very necessary thing for hiking in the winter and in the off-season, you can do without in the summer.
- Polyethylene cape (poncho). Essential for rain protection. You can simply replace it with a piece of polyethylene with dimensions of at least 130x180 centimeters.
- There must be a headdress. If this transition period(for example, autumn) or the climate requires it, then put a knitted hat (although it can be useful in summer, when spending the night).
According to the new traffic rules, when crossing the road and driving along the roadsides or the edge of the carriageway at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility outside settlements, pedestrians are required to carry objects with retroreflective elements and ensure the visibility of these objects by vehicle drivers. Therefore, if you can drive near the road, take something with a reflective layer with you.
1.6. Hygiene products
All in small tubes and packages. Toothpaste and a brush small soap, toilet paper, hygiene products for women, shaving accessories. Towel. If you travel for a long time, be sure to bring baby powder and baby cream. If it's a one-day trip, then only soap and towels will suffice. As an option, a pack of wet wipes and a small tube of hand gel are enough for a one-day trip (suggested)
The towel is small, best made of microfiber fabric: absorbs well, dries quickly.
1.7. Means for making fire
Best to bring matches/lighter. Matches must be sealed.
1.8. Ax / machete.
What is better - everyone decides for himself. The controversy is not over...
Alternatively, you can take instead (for a short time) or together with an ax / mosque a folding saw (hacksaw).
1.9. First aid kit.
There must be cures for chronic diseases.
It is advisable to put instructions for the use of all medicines in the medicine cabinet.
If you wear glasses, put spare ones in the first aid kit.
Even if you do not take a normal first-aid kit, put a band-aid with you (to seal corns, abrasions).
You can also 100 milliliters of alcohol (disinfection, rub, use inside and for kindling).
1.10. Orientation.
To do this, it is best to take a navigator, perhaps even in a smartphone. I do not recommend a map and compass for beginners, because. they must be able to use.
Take your smartphone only for a short time of the hike, because. the battery drains pretty quickly.
If you take a smartphone, be sure to take a spare / external battery. Yes, and for the navigator, you can take a spare set.
1.11. Sleep/shelter.
This item is needed only if you are going with an overnight stay.
In warm weather, it is enough to use polyethylene or an awning. I also advise you to take a tourist rug, because. the ground can be cold at night.
In colder weather or in winter, everything is more difficult. Use a camping mat, sleeping bag, awning or shelter tent in various combinations.
The rug can be replaced with a budget option - building thermal insulation.
Take a sleeping bag depending on the time of year of the trip, the place and local climatic features. The temperature regime of the sleeping bag is written on its packaging.
The tent should be compact, but roomy enough (minimum 60 cm per person), double-layered to protect against rain and wind, and preferably light - it is the tent that weighs the most of all the equipment. If you are going in a group, perhaps the tent will be a group equipment, designed in this case for several people.
1.12. Seat (foam for sitting, "podpopnik", "podzhopnik").
For sitting on the ground, as well as on everything cold, wet, dirty.
1.13. Dishes.
As a rule, this is a mug, bowl, spoon.
Take plastic or steel, but not ceramics / glass (they can be broken quite easily). plastic utensils it is more difficult to wash off fat, but metal (if not thermo) burns hands - choose what you like more.
If the hike is solo, and you are walking alone, then instead of a bowl, take a small bowler hat. If you are not going to cook - you can not take it with you.
It is possible to take disposable tableware, but only as a last resort.
1.14. Bowler hat.
If you do not plan to cook hot meals, then do not take it (this applies to one-day trips). If you are going in a group, take it as group equipment.
Be sure to consider how you will hang the pot over the fire (if you are not using a burner). To do this, fire ropes, collapsible hearths, fire tripods, brackets, folding crossbars, various hangers and holders of fire beams are used.
1.15. Flashlight.
It is advisable to have a small flashlight with you, just in case.
If you are going with an overnight stay, I also recommend taking a headlamp.
Do not be lazy, take a spare set of batteries for a flashlight.
1.16. Plastic bags.
Take 5-8 bags different sizes. For example, for packing wet and dirty things.
1.17. Gas (or other) burner.
It can be used instead of a fire, if you do not want to kindle fires, you cannot, or there is nothing to do. Take a small one.
As an option, you can take a whisperer.
1.18. Knife.
What - I will not advise. I think that you need to hold it in your hands first. Do not buy expensive, Chinese will do.
1.19. Gloves
If you are going to make a fire, take heat-resistant gloves (for example, aramid knitted ones) for working around the fire.
1.20. Whistle.
Needed in case you get lost, because. the whistle of a whistle is heard at a farther distance than a scream.
1.21. A skein of rope/string/paracord.
A diameter of 3-4 mm is sufficient. Take 4-5 meters. But it is better to take one piece of at least 20 m and several pieces of 0.5-1 m each. It can come in handy in many places.
The rope should be consumable, that is, which it will not be a pity to cut. An ordinary clothesline is perfect for this.
1.22 Sewing kit
For a long exit, take 2-4 sewing needles, 1-2 saddle needles, threads (best of all, black and green, on a spool. It’s not bad to divide them into tonics and thick ones.), 2-3 safety pins(for quick repair of clothes and other equipment). Several buttons. Needle threader (a device for threading a needle) (very useful in poor lighting, with fingers stiff from the cold and with tired eyes, you will be happy). You can put small scissors (for example, folding). You can take a small awl (for leather or thick fabric). You can also report a thimble.
For a day out, take 2 sewing needles, 1 spool of thread (a small spool will suffice), 2-3 safety pins. You can add a needle threader, scissors, thimble.
1.23. Money.
Even if you go not far and not for a long time, then take money just in case: in different bills, so that you can pay without change and not shine all the money. Pack hermetically.
Divide the money and put it in 2-3 places (pockets).
1.24. Optional Equipment
There will be equipment that you can do without, but it will make the trip easier.
- mirror. Remove debris or midges from the eye, send a distress signal.
- monocular. It makes it possible to consider the proposed route from afar, so as not to face the fact - "but you can't get through here, you had to get around."
- sticks for "Nordic walking". To help the legs, it is useful for beginners ... And not only for beginners ...
- sunglasses, dust glasses - to protect the eyes.
- repellents. You can do without them, but it is better to take. For those who are allergic to repellents, it is advisable to take individual electronic mosquito repellers
- life blanket
- folding canister/bucket (in case of a long hike).
- a block for a knife and an ax (in case of a long hike).
- a triangular file for a hacksaw for wood (in case of a long hike).

2. The main ways to reduce the cost of purchasing equipment

- Use more or less suitable clothes from the existing wardrobe.
- Borrow from friends or rent.
- Buy second-hand in second-hand or on the market.
- Buy on sales (seasonal and other discounts in sports shops, travel stores, online stores, stocks, etc.). You can buy very high quality items at an affordable price.
- Replace a well-known brand with a less expensive analogue.
- Look for tourist equipment of domestic manufacturers - it can be quite good in quality and usually costs less than foreign brands.
- Take old clothes, which will not be a pity to burn at the stake as it has become unusable or tired of wearing it.

3. Packing things

You need to pack things mainly in case of unforeseen getting wet (for example, from rain). Outer (backpack) and inner (things themselves) packaging will safely save them from dirt. There are only two options here: either protect each item individually, or all at once.
Alternatively, use combined packaging - first pack each item (a group of items), and then all together.
For individual packaging, for example, grippers or airtight bags can be used. For clothes - ordinary household bags (which are for garbage). Also, clothes can be packed in vacuum bags (seals and reduces the volume of things). Sometimes you can use any hermetically sealed containers. And for general packaging, you can use a simple film.

4. Group equipment.

If you are going hiking in a group for several days, then you will take group equipment with you. In this case, consult with the leader of the trip what to take with you. Because otherwise, perhaps an unnecessary repetition in the equipment, or in general you can take an extra (not necessary).

5. Additional equipment and equipment.

I recommend that beginners take additional equipment and equipment only at the direction of an experienced tourist, the leader of the group, or when accumulating their experience.

6. About the "coolness" of the equipment

When discussing the choice of equipment for tourism, two points of view are most often encountered:
1. things should be only the most modern and specialized. These people are ready to lay out rather big sums of money for such equipment. They are well versed in new technological fabrics and materials, always up to date with the latest catalogs of popular travel brands.
2. The latter, as a rule, do not worry about their equipment at all and are quite capable of doing everything they need on their own from improvised materials. As a rule, these are representatives of the “old school”, who caught and began to get involved in tourism during the years of general shortages. The most interesting thing is that they really manage to get along well with homemade tents and sleeping bags, make categorical hikes in old sneakers and battered windbreakers.
I believe that neither one nor the other is right, and the truth lies somewhere in the middle. . Anyone who thinks that the coolness of a tourist is determined by the amount of money spent on equipment is, of course, wrong in the same way as those who claim that no one needs all these modern technologies. In fact, modern equipment is desirable, but not at all a vital condition for the implementation of the trip, unless, of course, it is related to expeditionary or extreme tourism.
Therefore, a simple conclusion follows - if you have the opportunity and desire to buy modern advanced equipment - buy it. If this is not possible, then in no case can this be a reason for refusing to go on a trip as such. In simple hikes (and if a person is experienced, then in complex ones), you can always get by with improvised or low-budget solutions.

All players' protective equipment, clothing and footwear must comply with generally accepted ice hockey standards. It is the player's responsibility to ensure that the equipment used conforms to the specifications of the official rules.
All equipment used by athletes must comply with the IPC Sports Advertising Rules regarding IPC uniform and branding. The IPC ISH STC (IPC Sledge Hockey Technical Committee) adheres to the decisions of the HECC (Hockey Equipment Certification Committee) as the governing body for the approval of all hockey helmets and face masks for players and goaltenders.
A list of IPC ISH STC approved player equipment can be found in Appendix 3.

Player equipment

The players' equipment includes a sled, a seat, a skate retainer, a skate, sticks and hooks.

300 - Sleigh

a) The frame of the sled must be constructed from the following approved materials: steel, aluminium, titanium and magnesium. The frame must be cylindrical in shape with a diameter of not less than 1.5 cm and not more than 3 cm.
b) The width between the main side parts of the frame must be at least 15 cm (measured from the outside of the frame) and no more than the width of the seat of the sled. The sides of the frame can taper under the seat to accommodate skates; the angle of the cone should not exceed 45 degrees.

The frame may protrude beyond the rear of the seat by no more than 1 cm.
The skate retainer may be located at the rear of the frame, however, the frame must protrude 1 cm beyond the end of the skate.
c) The front of the frame must be an extended arc with a maximum radius of half (1/2) of the inside width of the frame (measured at the widest point in front of the seat).
The following materials can be used in the manufacture of this part: steel, aluminum, titanium, magnesium and polyurethane.

d) The frame may have a maximum of (4) four cross bars and one footrest bar located in front of the seat. Cross bars may be square or cylindrical in shape with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and not more than 3 cm.

e) The height of the main frame, measured from the ice surface to the base of the frame, must be a minimum of 8.5 cm and a maximum of 9.5 cm.

f) The player's seat may fit on the skate holder if it is not lower than 5 cm from the ground.

g) For athletes with bilateral amputations, the frame must be:

1. 80 cm long.
2. Place the front skid at the required minimum length of 10 cm.

80 cm minimum

301 - Heel guard

Each sled must have a footboard with a maximum width of 10cm. If the Oka games have a unilateral amputation, a second footboard for the stump may be used (maximum width 10cm).

302 - Front skid

The sled must have one skid. This skid must be attached to the frame no further than 3 cm from its front end. The skid should be attached to the center of the frame. Its length: 10 cm minimum and 20 cm maximum. The height of the skid, measured from the base of the frame to the surface of the ice, shall be 7 cm minimum and 9.5 cm maximum.

Material:

a) The skid can be made of the same material as the main frame. If it is made of a similar material, it must have a cylindrical shape with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and not more than 3 cm.
b) The skid can be made of nylon/plastic. It can be solid and have a width of at least 1.5 cm and not more than 3 cm.

303 - Footrest

A footrest is required for all players regardless of disability category. It must be made of the same material as the main frame and be at least 1.5 cm in diameter and not more than 3 cm in diameter.
- The footrest can be of different heights (depending on the size of the player's feet), but must not be less than 15 cm in height.
- The footrest must not extend beyond the main frame and be higher than the player's feet/feet.

304 - Skate

Each sled must have a minimum of one (1) and a maximum of two (2) skates placed parallel under the seat. There are no restrictions on the minimum width between skates. The maximum width is the width of the seat. Skates must be at least 16 cm long and not more than 32 cm long. Skate blades must not protrude more than 1 cm from the front or back of the skate retainer.

305 - Seat

a) The seat must be made of a suitable material and not have sharp ends (ends are rounded). The frame may protrude beyond the rear of the seat by no more than 1 cm.
b) The maximum height from the seat base to the ice surface is 20 cm. The measurement is taken from the ice surface to the lowest edge of the main part of the seat (see figure below).
c) Removable seat cushions or fixed padding or a combination of both shall not exceed 5 cm in height nor extend beyond the seat.
d) No external guard or protrusion behind the rear of the seat shall exceed 1 cm.
e) Straps and/or adhesive tapes may be used to secure the legs, ankles, knees and thighs of the players.

The main part of the day, yellow

306 - Player stick

The stick must be made of wood or other material such as carbon steel, aluminium, fiberglass or plastic. It should not have any irregularities and all corners should be rounded.
Sticky, non-fluorescent tape of any color can be wrapped around the club anywhere.
Dimensions:
Maximum length - 100 cm from the heel to the end of the stick Stick: Minimum width - 2 cm Maximum thickness - 2.8 cm The stick must be straight
Hook: Max length - 32cm from heel to end of hook Max width - 7.5cm

Hook: Max length - 32cm from heel to end of hook Max width - 7.5cm

The hook of the player's stick may be bent. The kink of the club blade must be limited so that the distance of the perpendicular line, measured from a straight line drawn from any point on the heel to the end of the club blade, does not exceed 1.5 cm.

307 - Clubs and heels

The depth of the heel teeth should not exceed 4 mm. The heels must be attached to the lower or thicker end of the stick and not end in a single point, but have at least 6 teeth of equal length (minimum 3 on each side) in order to avoid damaging the ice surface.
Each heel prong should not be tapered or end in a sharp, needle-shaped end in order to avoid puncture wounds or possible cuts, whether intentional or accidental. The heel may be made of any durable material, including steel, and must be no longer than 10.2 cm (4 inches). The heel must not protrude more than 1 cm beyond the end of the solid part of the club. The heel may be bevelled, but must not exceed 1 cm at any angle.
Heel:

Minimum thickness - 3.20 cm

Equipment

308 - Form

All players and goalkeepers of each team must wear the same color jerseys, shorts, leggings and helmets (with the exception of the goalkeeper, who is allowed to wear a helmet that is a different color from the rest of the players on the team).
a) The main color must be approximately 80 percent of the color of each part of the form, with the exception of numbers and surnames.
b) Sweaters, including sleeves, and leggings must be the same color.
c) Sweaters must be worn in such a way that no part of them hangs below the level of the sled.
d) Each player must have an individual number 25 to 30 cm high, located on the jersey in the center of the back, and 10 cm high on both sleeves. Numbers are limited from 1 to 99 inclusive.
e) The captain must have the letter "C" and the deputy captains the letter "A", 8 cm high, in a contrasting color, located on the front of the jersey, in a conspicuous place. In IPC competitions, each player must have his last name on the back of his jersey, in the center of the top, in 8cm high block Latin letters.
1. Any player or goalkeeper who does not conform to these uniforms must not be allowed to play.
2. If, in the opinion of the referee, the colors of the competing teams are so similar that there is a possibility of erroneous penalty action, it is the responsibility of the home team to change their jerseys if requested by the referee.
3. If the player has long hair, and they cover the name patch or number on his sweater, his hair must be in a ponytail or tucked under a helmet.

protective equipment

Protective equipment includes: helmet, full face mask, gloves, throat protection, mouth guard, skin protection, elbow pads and shoulder pads.

309 - Helmet

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear HECC-compliant hockey helmets with the chin strap securely fastened. The helmet must be worn in such a way that the lower edge of the helmet is located at a distance of not more than the width of one finger above the level of the eyebrows, and the space between the helmet strap and the chin must correspond to the passage of one finger of the hand.

310 - Full face mask

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear a full face mask that complies with HECC standards. A full face mask must be designed so that the puck, blade of the stick, or stick heel cannot pass through it.
Colored full face masks and visors are not permitted.

311 - Gloves

During play and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear gloves that cover the hand and wrist. The part of the glove that covers the palm must not be removed, allowing the player to use his bare hand. All players must wear hockey gloves.

312 - Throat protection

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear a throat protector. Medical exceptions are possible.

313 - Capa

All players are encouraged to wear a custom made mouthguard during play and pre-game warm-up.

314 - Skin protection

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear leather protection covering the area between the ankle and knee, in accordance with the category of disability.

315 - Elbow pads

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear elbow pads that cover the back of the elbow joint.

316 - Shoulders

During the game and pre-game warm-up, all players must wear shoulder pads that cover the area of ​​the shoulder and forearm between the elbow and the shoulder joint.

317 - Leg protection

All players, including goaltenders, are advised to wear hockey boots that protect the feet and ankles (depending on the disability category).
The safety device built into the frame can also provide suitable protection if it completely covers the feet and ankles.