The main thing in friendship is the ability to forgive. What should be a close friend: the main qualities What is forgiveness
Who among us has not been offended? Who has not offended himself? There are simply no such people. What distinguishes us from each other is the ability or inability to forgive. “They carry water on the offended” - this proverb shows negative attitude to a person who is not able to forget insults. Yes, and it is hard for the most offended to carry his offense in himself. Therefore, it is worth learning to forgive people.
Relationships between people are different. We do different things: good and bad. We help each other in business, fulfill desires, fulfill requests. But it happens, we lie, we can't do it
Promised, we act contrary, we quarrel. Often we offend our loved ones, in the heat of the moment we speak in ways that we don’t think at all. We hurt a person and offend him, perhaps without noticing it. If he is dear to us, we need to try to make amends, to apologize.
All people are different, with different characters and temperaments. Everyone is offended, forgives and knows how to ask for forgiveness in their own way. Vulnerable, sensitive people are offended quickly. Even little things that are not worth attention, they take jokes seriously. But just as quickly, they know how to understand and forgive the offender, because they can hardly endure negative emotions. It is difficult to offend people who are cold, dry, stingy with emotions. On the one hand, this is good: they are protected from unnecessary worries. On the other hand, such people themselves can greatly offend.
The ability to ask for forgiveness and forgiveness is a sign of a strong personality. After all, this is overcoming your anger and admitting your own mistakes.
Forgiveness is essential. When we are offended, our mood is spoiled, there is no smile on our face, our tone is lowered. And in a depressed state, we ourselves can inflict pain. "Sorry…". Sometimes this word can calm the most heated conflicts. It is able to penetrate into the very depths of our soul, if it was said with sincerity. “Forgive”… Having said this word, we seem to be freed from the shackles that were so painful. From this word, all storms subside in our soul, blizzards freeze. And the heart seems to come alive from everyday life and sadness.
How to learn to forgive? You need at least for a minute to imagine yourself in the place of the offender. It is hard, unpleasant and insulting for him that they do not accept his apologies. In addition, we must not forget that we have offended someone more than once, felt anxiety, our guilt. You need to forgive forever and from a pure heart. If this is not so, then there was no forgiveness. If you remember the offense, it means that you have not forgiven. It is not necessary, if you forgive, to put yourself in merit. You just have to forget.
There are many examples in fiction where the theme of forgiveness sounds. For example, in Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. Bolkonsky falls madly in love with Natasha Rostova, but something tells him that their happiness is impossible. Natasha also loves Bolkonsky, though he seems to her dry, disappointed, lonely, while she herself is an energetic, young, cheerful girl. Natasha does not understand why the prince postponed their wedding for a whole year. By this delay, he provoked her betrayal. Pride does not allow Andrei to forgive Natasha, to understand her. In a conversation with Pierre, Bolkonsky said: “I said that a fallen woman must be forgiven, but I did not say that I can forgive, I cannot.” Before us appears a cruel egoist. Bolkonsky forces himself to forget about Natasha.
Otherwise, the theme of forgiveness is reflected in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by Lermontov. Faith plays a big role in revealing the character of Pechorin. Vera is the only person who fully understood the essence of Pechorin, loving him with all the advantages and disadvantages. Pechorin himself could not help but appreciate this insight and fidelity to feeling: “She is the only woman in the world whom I would not be able to deceive,” and only she evokes real and sincere feelings, albeit fleeting. Vera's feelings are so strong that she forgives all the suffering brought to her by Pechorin, continuing to love him, knowing that they will never be together. In the image of Vera, we see humility, sacrifice, she does not have a pronounced feeling dignity, she again confesses her love to Pechorin after he had already left her once. The author needed all this to show the hero's egoism, his attitude towards others, the fear of losing freedom - the main thing, in his opinion, in life.
It seems to me that everything and everyone needs to be forgiven, even the betrayal of a friend. Resentment and revenge destroy us. They can be persuasive today and destructive tomorrow. In fact, they always are. They bring only momentary pleasure. We have no right to judge. Let life judge everything. No need to keep heavy thoughts in your heart. Only bright, noble feelings should settle there. Forgiveness is generosity. Let's be generous, and maybe the world will become kinder!
Composition
Who among us has not been offended? Who has not offended himself? There are simply no such people. What distinguishes us from each other is the ability or inability to forgive. “They carry water on the offended” - this proverb shows a negative attitude towards a person who is not able to forget insults. Yes, and it is hard for the most offended to carry his offense in himself. Therefore, it is worth learning to forgive people.
Relationships between people are different. We do different things: good and bad. We help each other in business, fulfill desires, fulfill requests. But it happens, we lie, we can’t do what we promised, we act contrary, we quarrel. Often we offend our loved ones, in the heat of the moment we speak in ways that we don’t think at all. We hurt a person and offend him, perhaps without noticing it. If he is dear to us, we need to try to make amends, to apologize.
All people are different, with different characters and temperaments. Everyone is offended, forgives and knows how to ask for forgiveness in their own way. Vulnerable, sensitive people are offended quickly. Even little things that are not worth attention, they take jokes seriously. But just as quickly, they know how to understand and forgive the offender, because they can hardly endure negative emotions. It is difficult to offend people who are cold, dry, stingy with emotions. On the one hand, this is good: they are protected from unnecessary worries. On the other hand, such people themselves can greatly offend.
The ability to ask for forgiveness and forgiveness is a sign of a strong personality. After all, this is overcoming your anger and admitting your own mistakes.
Forgiveness is essential. When we are offended, our mood is spoiled, there is no smile on our face, our tone is lowered. And in a depressed state, we ourselves can inflict pain. "Sorry…". Sometimes this word can calm the most heated conflicts. It is able to penetrate into the very depths of our soul, if it was said with sincerity. "I'm sorry" ... Having said this word, we seem to be freed from the shackles that were so painful. From this word, all storms subside in our soul, blizzards freeze. And the heart seems to come alive from everyday life and sadness.
How to learn to forgive? You need at least for a minute to imagine yourself in the place of the offender. It is hard, unpleasant and insulting for him that they do not accept his apologies. In addition, we must not forget that we have offended someone more than once, felt anxiety, our guilt. You need to forgive forever and from a pure heart. If this is not so, then there was no forgiveness. If you remember the offense, it means that you have not forgiven. It is not necessary, if you forgive, to put yourself in merit. You just have to forget.
There are many examples in fiction where the theme of forgiveness sounds. For example, in Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. Bolkonsky falls madly in love with Natasha Rostova, but something tells him that their happiness is impossible. Natasha also loves Bolkonsky, although he seems to her dry, disappointed, lonely, while she herself is an energetic, young, cheerful girl. Natasha does not understand why the prince postponed their wedding for a whole year. By this delay, he provoked her betrayal. Pride does not allow Andrei to forgive Natasha, to understand her. In a conversation with Pierre, Bolkonsky said: "I said that a fallen woman must be forgiven, but I did not say that I can forgive, I cannot." Before us appears a cruel egoist. Bolkonsky forces himself to forget about Natasha.
Otherwise, the theme of forgiveness is reflected in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by Lermontov. Faith plays a big role in revealing the character of Pechorin. Vera is the only person who fully understood the essence of Pechorin, who loves him with all his virtues and flaws. Pechorin himself could not help but appreciate this insight and fidelity to feeling: “She is the only woman in the world whom I would not be able to deceive,” and she alone evokes real and sincere feelings, albeit fleeting. Vera's feelings are so strong that she forgives all the suffering brought to her by Pechorin, continuing to love him, knowing that they will never be together. In the image of Vera, we see humility, sacrifice, she does not have a pronounced sense of self-worth, she again confesses her love to Pechorin after he has already left her once. The author needed all this to show the hero's egoism, his attitude towards others, the fear of losing freedom - the main thing, in his opinion, in life.
It seems to me that everything and everyone needs to be forgiven, even the betrayal of a friend. Resentment and revenge destroy us. They can be persuasive today and destructive tomorrow. In fact, they always are. They bring only momentary pleasure. We have no right to judge. Let life judge everything. There is no point in holding heavy thoughts in your heart. Only bright, noble feelings should settle there. Forgiveness is generosity. Let's be generous, and maybe the world will become kinder!
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Preparing for the final essay 2016-2017 Direction "Friendship and enmity" Prepared by Zubareva E.F. MOBU secondary school s.Dmitrievka
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The direction is based on polar events associated with such concepts as friendship and enmity. If you turn to explanatory dictionary S. Ozhegova, then we can define the following: Friendship is a close relationship based on mutual trust, affection, common interests. Enmity - attitudes and actions imbued with hostility, hatred. In the dictionary of antonyms, these words are presented as an antonymic pair.
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*Friendship between people, the meaning and value of friendly relations The proposed direction can be considered in different aspects: *Friendship and enmity between generations, human communities. * Warmth of human relations or hostility of people. *Growing friendship into enmity or vice versa. * Friendship of man and animal, etc.
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What wording of topics can be? 1. What qualities does friendship reveal in a person? 2. Friend vs Buddy - What's the difference? 3. Scolding a friend with a friend - the enemy is having fun. 4. A person is often his own worst enemy. 5. Do you agree that a friend is known in trouble? 6. The most important thing in friendship is the ability to understand and forgive. 7. Can friendship turn into enmity? 8. “There are no ties holier than fellowship” (N.V. Gogol) 9. A friend is known in trouble. 10. What is real friendship? (and etc.)
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Reflecting on the proposed topic, you can rely on famous sayings, definitions, proverbs, aphorisms. Synonyms of the word FRIENDSHIP Friendliness Lad Peace Consent Brotherhood Brotherhood Unity Communication, etc. Synonyms of the word HOSTILITY Antagonism Anger Malevolence Dislike Hatred Dislike Discord Unfriendliness, etc.
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Only a true friend can tolerate his friend's weaknesses. W. Shakespeare This topic involves a comparison not only of two heroes, but also, probably, the strengths and weaknesses of the human character. “ ”
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Examples from fiction. "War and Peace" L. Tolstoy. Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky. Friendship, which assumes that a friend accepts his comrade as he is, forgiving him some weaknesses. Why? Yes, it’s just easy with him, he understands you, helps with advice ... You can just be yourself with him ...
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"Fathers and Sons" I.S. Turgenev Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Can the relationship between Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov be called friendship? Arkady and Bazarov are different people. Friendship cracks when Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova, and Arkady falls in love with Katya, since this feeling is given to them in different ways. They say goodbye forever, Bazarov does not find a single friendly word for Arkady. Friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Conclusion: their reciprocity cannot be called friendship.
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M. Lermontov. "Hero of our time". Pechorin and Grushnitsky. There is only one step from friendship to enmity. Peers, colleagues, but in their hearts they do not have a warm relationship with each other. Pechorin is caustic, selfish, but reasonable. Grushnitsky is verbose, does not have bright character traits, is initially insincere, “dresses himself in other people's clothes” (soldier's overcoat). Pechorin is ruthless in relation to Grushnitsky, does not know how to forgive weaknesses, sees through him. “I understood him, and for this he does not love me, although outwardly we are in the most friendly relations"(Pechorin about Grushnitsky). The result is a duel. Pechorin believed that "in friendship one is the slave of another", but friendship cannot be based on this.
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Friendship must be a strong thing, capable of surviving all changes in temperature and all the shocks of that bumpy road along which efficient and decent people make their life journey. AI Herzen So, friendship is a priceless treasure in life. And a person who knows how to value friendship should not sow enmity, for friendship builds, and enmity only destroys. We must cherish friendship - this is a sacred feeling. “ ”
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Literature and Internet resources: 1. Material of the webinars of the site "I can write" (webinars "Final essay"). 2. V.N. Meshcheryakov. "Learning to start and end a text." Litagent "Flint", 2014. 3. D.I. Arkharova. “Preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language…” Yekaterinburg, 2016. 4. D.I. Arkharova. “Final essay 2016/2017. Methodological recommendations for teachers, materials for lessons.
We all sin before each other, but few are able to repent before another. And in order for the relationship to be resurrected, you need to come up and say: "I'm sorry." And if it is from the heart and they answer you from the heart, the evil will go away.
Priest Alexy Potokin
Forgiving and accepting forgiveness is an art. The art of forgiveness lies in the fact that stupid forgiveness multiplies sin. Late forgiveness kills, but wise and timely forgiveness inspires.
Priest Konstantin Kamyshanov
You don't forgive others to heal them.
You forgive others to heal yourself.
Forgiveness does not change the past, but frees the future.
If you suffer from the injustice of a bad person, forgive him, otherwise there will be two bad people.
Augustine Aurelius
Forgiveness is a great gift.
What's more, it doesn't cost anything.
The best reaction to enemy criticism is to smile and forget.
Vladimir Nabokov
TO FORGIVE
You need to be able to forgive. Many people think that forgiveness is a sign of weakness. But the words "I forgive you" do not mean at all - "I am too soft a person, so I cannot be offended and you can continue to spoil my life, I will not say a single word to you", they mean - "I will not let the past spoil my future and present, so I forgive you and let go of all grievances.
There is magic in forgiveness... The magic of healing. Both in the forgiveness that you give, and in the one that you yourself receive.
Everything starts with forgiveness. If we keep a grudge in ourselves, this is a manifestation of pride. I don't take it as mine, I blame it on someone else. I do not understand that I am a Soul that has done some wrong things, and now these lessons are returning to me.
If a person has hurt you, do not answer him the same, do good. You are a different person. You are better. Remember.
One of the most useful life skills is the ability to quickly forget everything bad: do not dwell on troubles, do not live with resentment, do not revel in irritation, do not harbor anger ... Do not drag different rubbish into your soul.
If people are judging or criticizing you, remember that more often than not, at the very moment they are judging you, they are thinking only of themselves. Don't get angry or resentful of them, just understand that it hurts people when they can't match what you're superior to.
The ability to forgive and ask for forgiveness is the foundation for a strong relationship. It is important to learn to sincerely and wholeheartedly say "I'm sorry" to each other, instead of hurting each other with needles of reproaches and claims.
Resentment and resentment are like poison that you drink in the hope that others will be poisoned. Happiness begins with forgiveness.
Cassie Combden
As soon as a person falls ill, he needs to look in his Heart for whom to forgive.
Stronger than all victories is forgiveness.
One a little boy, when asked what forgiveness is, he gave a wonderful answer: "It is the fragrance that a flower gives when it is trampled."
The most necessary science is the science of forgetting the unnecessary. Antisthenes.
Your ability to love others... and yourself... is directly proportional to your willingness to forgive others and yourself.
For example, instead of loving the parents you would like, try learning to love the parents you have.
In order to heal from past trauma, you will first have to get angry, mourn the losses, and finally forgive them all.
You will not be able to fully forgive anyone until you are willing to voluntarily give up the right to revenge and reparation ... - forever.
You don't forgive others to heal them.
You forgive others to heal yourself.
Chuck Hillig
"You cannot defeat the enemy until you have cured in yourself what you consider low in him."I Ching (Book of Changes)
Very often, in other people, we painfully perceive precisely those actions, reactions, feelings that we sin ourselves with. And real, true forgiveness of another person begins with the ability to see one's own weaknesses and shortcomings.
Perhaps we need to learn to forgive ourselves before we can allow others to forgive us for the wrong we have done them, or before we ourselves can (in spirit or face to face) forgive them for the wrong they have done to us.
And you forget - and it will become easier.
And you forgive - and there will be a Holiday.
And you strive - and you will succeed ...
Do not be stingy - and you will be rewarded!
And you will return - will be rewarded ...
And you believe - and they will believe!
Start by yourself - it will start all around!
And you LOVE! And you will count!
The ability to ignore is even more valuable than the ability to forgive. For we are compelled to forgive what we have already attached importance to.
Today is Forgiveness Sunday.
Don't forget to ask for forgiveness from everyone you've offended over the year.
Also, do good deeds!
Forgiveness saves our heart
Sometimes we forgive the offender, sometimes we keep the bitter feeling in ourselves, sadness or thinking of a way to get revenge. And how does this affect our cardiovascular system? First, the participants in the experiment had to recall the case when they were severely offended. They were asked to imagine that they were taking revenge on the offender, and in order to warm up the insult, to remember how they suffered, what pain they experienced. Then they were asked to forgive their offender, to try to find an explanation for his act, to admit that all people have their weaknesses ... Cardiograms and tomography readings left no doubt: negative emotions and resentment increase the heartbeat and increase blood pressure, and the manifestation of empathy immediately alleviates stress. So now it is scientifically proven: it is harmful to be offended.
Are you already familiar with Ho "oponopono? This is a very simple spiritual practice that gives incredible results. The essence of the practice is that you open your heart and create reality full of love and harmony with the words:
1. "I love you."
2. "Forgive me."
3. "I'm sorry."
4. "Thank you."
The fundamental point of Ho "oponopono is the assumption of 100% responsibility for everything that happens in the world. That is, not only for our actions, but in general for everything that we know or do not even guess about.
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Crosscutting topics
Friendship in the works of the nineteenth century. (Based on the works of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov)
The most important thing in friendship is the ability to understand and forgive.
V. P. Nekrasov
Many writers in their work addressed the theme of friendship. Their choice is easy to explain, because it is thanks to friendship that a person becomes who he is. Have you ever seen a person who has no friends at all? So I think that there are very few such people. A friend is a person who will help resolve difficult life situations; in his "vest" at any time you can "cry", knowing that next to you there is a reliable support. A true friend will clearly explain if something is not clear to you, and will give an objective assessment of what is happening. A friend has the right to tell the truth without fear of offending you.
And if you understand that a friend is not ready to support in any situation, you need to think deeply about who, in fact, this person is to you. On the other hand - "tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are", and paraphrasing the well-known saying, "there is nothing to blame on a friend if the face is crooked", let's say that in a relationship you need to remember - "as it backfires, so will respond” You should not make hasty decisions, give rash assessments in relation to others, without comprehending your own actions!
Returning to the artists of the word, who reflected the theme of friendship in their immortal works, we cannot but recall the poems of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, the lyrics of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, the texts of Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, the edifying prose of Leo Tolstoy, the stories and novels of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and many, many others. writers and poets of the nineteenth century. From different sides they present us with communication between people - for one it is pure and noble, for the other it is selfish and treacherous, with secret intentions, for the third friendship develops into something more, and for the fourth it collapses due to life's troubles.
In a number of poems by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin dedicated to the Lyceum (“Memoirs in Tsarskoye Selo”), the concept of “friendship”, which the poet repeatedly uses, has an even broader meaning than “friendship”. This concept is a special circle of friends, which, “like a soul, is inseparable and eternal”, these are like-minded poets - that force that, in spite of everything, is able to support a person in the most difficult, sometimes seemingly insurmountable, life trials. We can see this in such poems as “I. I. Pushchin”, “October 19, 1825”, “To Chaadaev”, “To Yazykov”, “In the depths of Siberian ores…”. In these works, we see that a person who is part of the "poetic brotherhood" is ready for self-sacrifice, understanding and forgiveness in any situation, but isn't this an example of boundless friendship and devotion? The poetic creations of A. S. Pushkin are filled with appeals to friends:
Sorry friends! My homeless ashes
Will not rest in the garden where they saw off
We are careless days in the sciences and in feasts
And the place of our urns was appointed in advance.("From Andre Chenier")
Pushkin presents us with a world of unity of friends as an indestructible brotherhood, a strong union in which there is no place for petty quarrels and insults, there are no domestic troubles and insignificant things. In the lyceum union, everyone is moving in the same direction, which leads them to a common high goal. Everyone believed in a high moral and aesthetic ideal that accompanies a person throughout his life. Only some people, such as members of the "Pushkin Brotherhood", see this ideal, try to achieve it, while others prefer to live outside of it. That is why many of Pushkin's friends stood on Senate Square among other similar fighters for ideals during the Decembrist uprising. Many works were dedicated by Alexander Sergeevich to this event. They felt a note of sadness about the loss of people close to him, the bitterness of loss, an immeasurable desire to be at that ill-fated moment next to friends and share them, even the most difficult fate. But it’s even harder to realize that a friend is in trouble, and there is nothing you can do to help him. The tone of the poems that are dedicated to the lyceum anniversary is changing. The reader feels a pessimistic, gloomy mood. The works of this period are filled with a bitter feeling of a dramatically changed situation, the loss of close friends and heavy forebodings. This is understandable: the circle of friends is getting narrower, and nothing can be done about it.
I am sad: there is no friend with me,
With whom I would wash down a long parting,
Who could shake hands from the heart
And wish you many happy years.
Alexander Sergeevich presents his attitude to the partnership to the reader through the images of the heroes of the novel "Eugene Onegin". Two "friends", Onegin and Lensky, in their communication show us that a friend is a very ambiguous and contradictory concept. In the end, we even begin to doubt whether Evgeny and Vladimir are friends or enemies. In the dialogues of the characters, the presence of the author is felt, he is not a simple silent observer, he is a direct participant in the events, we catch his attitude to friendship in the conversations of the characters.
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov also tells us about a peculiar and exclusive attitude to friendship through the lips of the lyrical heroes of his poems. The main motive of this poet's work is loneliness. It is not easy for the characters of his lyrics to realize their detachment from the world, their eternal oblivion in the world of loneliness. But still, the hero is ready to accept his fate, realizing that he will not be able to find his like-minded person among the people around him.
I'm used to being alone
I wouldn't know how to get along with a friend,
I won’t say goodbye to anyone in my homeland -
No one will regret me!
In the poem "Stans" the loneliness of the lyrical hero is not imposed on him by the world, but is chosen by him voluntarily, as the only possible state of mind.
In the novel "A Hero of Our Time" we observe approximately the same picture of the hero's detachment. This is the tragedy of an outstanding personality, misunderstanding of people, fear of things "out of the ordinary." It is not easy for a hero to give an account to himself that he is doomed to a misunderstanding of others, all the more difficult for a person with a strong spirit to do this. We are faced with a situation where a person simply cannot find a friend, when he himself has to overcome all life's difficulties and there is nowhere to wait for help. But the hero can cope with this, because he is already used to this state of affairs and understands that he can hardly change anything. This causes regret and sympathy among readers, and “you won’t wish this on your enemy”!
In life, Mikhail Yuryevich himself was not a very open person, he rather liked internal conversations than conversations with people around him. But at the same time, he never radiated antipathy towards secular society, he did not completely reject it. Secular evenings did not pass without his presence. The poet was popular among women, he was loved for his talent, for his ability, without giving false compliments, to win people over. But still, he could not find something completely his own. Many of his contemporaries note that an elusive sadness has always been in his eyes. In a noisy evening or in a quiet environment, he never changed his melancholy mood. It was inconvenient for him to live among the "rumor" capable of cruelty and betrayal. The poet fully expressed his attitude towards her in the poem “The Death of a Poet”, in which he speaks with bitter regret about heartlessness and unwillingness to understand each other. Not only because Lermontov was outraged by the coldness of people, but also because he understood the proximity of his end, very similar to Pushkin's, the poet so vehemently defends the cause of the fighter for the ideal, his views, the principle of life in society. It is natural that simple, unenlightened people do not understand such geniuses of the word, it is somehow difficult to reproach them for this, understanding their remoteness from the world of poetry and high spiritual ideals.
So, if Pushkin constantly conducts an uninterrupted conversation with friends:
As I was before, so am I now:
Careless, loving. You know friends
Can I look at beauty without tenderness,
Without timid tenderness and secret excitement, -
then for Lermontov, his lyrical hero, there is no place in the soul for a warm, trusting relationship with people:
Ever since the Eternal Judge
He gave me the omniscience of the prophet,
I read in the hearts of people
Pages of malice and vice.
In conclusion, I would like to note that, no matter how differently people look at the issue of friendship, they always highlight the main thing in it, that without which it is impossible - perfect trust and understanding, and this, in turn, is the key to the ability to forgive. friend for his mistakes.
"Art creates good people, forming the human soul ”(V. G. Belinsky). (Based on the works of A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. P. Chekhov)
The human soul has been at the center of attention of Russian writers throughout the entire existence of Russian literature. If we turn to the work of A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, we can see that these authors are subtle connoisseurs of the inner world of a person and try to look into all the secret corners of his soul . It is not surprising that the soul of a person is closely connected with art, because it can have the strongest impact on the formation of personality.
Russian critic of the 19th century V. G. Belinsky noted precisely this distinctive feature of art. This statement is most clearly reflected in the work of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych". Doctor Startsev, having met the Turkin family, finds himself in the world of carefree, kind people. They try to join art, their house is warm and cozy, they are loved by friends and neighbors. The author first ironically over the life of the heroes, endows their speech with strange phrases like "Hello, please" and so on, mocks the fruits of their creativity. But, however, let's not forget the background against which the development of the story takes place.
The protagonist, who does not see the meaning of his existence, incapable of love, fidelity, that is, nothing human, cannot judge the Turkins. Time puts everything in its place ... Ionych loses his human appearance, turning into a complete cynic and stingy, Kotik discovers the ability for true love, and even the vulgar Turkins generally change. No matter how they existed, they were able to intuitively grasp the need to belong to art.
In general, if we think theoretically, then, of course, art, being a reservoir of pure spirituality, in contact with a person should have a strong impact on his personality. However, the whole question lies in the readiness of a person to accept the impulse of grace from art. If a person is ready, if what is dictated by art is close and understandable to him, then he will perceive this impulse correctly and begin to act adequately. Well, what if you're not ready? F. M. Dostoevsky has a story “Netochka Nezvanova”, in which the writer, with his usual hyperbolic and gloomy nature, describes the existence of a self-taught violinist. Father main character- a poor, weak and reflective person - brings his entire family to poverty and humiliation, mocks his wife and constantly complains that they - his wife and daughter - keep him in the shackles of everyday life and do not allow him to realize himself as a talented musician. But cowardice is replaced by real art, and the self-taught, having heard a brilliant violinist, literally goes crazy. True art destroys conjectures and metamorphoses of the sick and reflecting consciousness.
In general, if a person is not indifferent to art, then it will have a huge impact on him with its penetrating divine component. But if he is not receptive, then no matter how hard he tries, he simply will not be able to comprehend the effect of grace.
The ingenious Pushkin compares his wife with Raphael's Madonna (“of the purest beauty, the purest example…”). He, like a poet, subtly understands the power of the impact of true art on the soul of the reader and does not find an epithet that deeper and more accurately conveys all the tenderness and admiration of the lyrical hero for the beautiful appearance of his life partner. "Sistine Madonna" by Raphael, being a perfect example of the high Renaissance, personifies the ideal impact of art on the human soul.
Be that as it may, art is capable of making a person better, nobler, higher and spiritually purer, but how ready he will be for such a transformation depends on many factors. From how much a person strives for improvement, from how much he perceives art. Art will make a person purer and nobler, but is it better? Objectively - yes, but how will others perceive it? The purity of the soul, being the basis of charm, its cause and purpose, attracts people as a reflection of truth. Conscience, being a ray of divine light, reflects the best spiritual qualities of a person. Art, on the other hand, by making a person more receptive to the irrational components of the world, awakens him to a different vision of his own actions, which in turn contributes to the objectification of his own actions and their more rigorous evaluation.
A person attached to art, developing the subtle structures of his soul, shifts his own perception of the world towards spiritual and moral categories and norms. From now on, he will not be able to approach the situation in the same materialistic way as a pragmatic person and far from spirituality. It ennobles spirituality, while art, being its carrier, contributes to changes in the human personality in better side. However, one should not forget about the specific essence of figurative art. That is, a person who is far from music will not be able to “ennoble himself”, no matter what musical masterpieces are presented to him. It should be an art to which a person is not indifferent, which he likes, perhaps, in which he is in love. So, Startsev, far from music and theater, literary reading and lyrics, could be imbued with artistic modeling or ballet - he is a doctor. But he was not given that opportunity. Pushkin, comparing his wife with the Madonna, makes us understand that masterpieces of art are not in museums, but stay in our hearts and manifest themselves as needed to find the right metaphor. Art is always with us as the only way to make us nobler, cleaner, more beautiful. The human essence strives for perfection, for love, for beauty, for the beautiful, and what if not art is its carrier. It is through the mechanisms of perception of art that a person expands his spiritual boundaries, becomes purer, thinner, wiser. It is only necessary not to forget about it and try in every possible way to join the true masterpieces of the world artistic treasury.
“A real writer is like an ancient prophet: he sees more clearly than ordinary people” (A.P. Chekhov). (Based on one or more works of the 19th century)
People have always wanted to look into the future. Beyond the veil of the unknown, an elusive truth flickered. Forewarned is forearmed, and people were eager to receive that warning, even where it was impossible. And the priestess of Apollo in Delphi sobbed, and Nostradamus unfolded his scroll, and astrologers divide people into twelve groups according to the type of the future. And since ancient times, girls have been guessing at night, peering with intense short-sighted eyes into the threatening darkness of time. The horror of ignorance cannot be dispelled, not a single worthy recipe can be obtained only for oneself, and half-erased runes of signs scattered across the fields of fate slowly but surely absorb laziness and oblivion. The days of the ancient prophets are gone. It was not for the sake of benefit that they broadcast their revelations to the world, but they opened the door of truth, the meaning of being, opened the secrets of the human spirit. As conscientious healers, they did not hysteria about their fears and hopes, but boldly and affectionately pointed out to people their shortcomings, revealing along the way the greatest mystery of God's plan, with fear and reverence. Art came out of priestly service, it came out, but it did not separate from it and always realized that it was connected with it. The prophet, proclaiming the voice of God, literature inherited the image of the poet-prophet, who speaks at the instigation of God or who replaced the prophet, the god-fighter poet. And the image of the royal ascetic, to whom the truth was revealed, pursued the artists.
The most famous poem of the nineteenth century about the prophet is, of course, the poem by A. S. Pushkin. His "Prophet" was "pulled" into quotations. Pushkin did not humiliate the poem with a sophisticated form, there is not even a division into stanzas, this is not a trinket on the topic, but a passionate, concentrated reflection that should not cool the arithmetically precise design. In the poem itself, a striking, refreshing and uplifting image of revelation is given, the transformation of the low nature of man into the proud nature of God's servant. Such a transformation is possible only of one's own free will, moreover, of one's own passionate desire, it is not for nothing that the lyrical hero is “tormented by spiritual thirst”.
The desired meeting with the six-winged Seraphim takes place in the wilderness, a place associated with the New Testament history (Jesus preached in the wilderness, and His temptation happened in the wilderness). What follows is a description of the horrific operation during which insight is gained. It is a change in vision, hearing, language and heart. Since ancient times, vision has expanded to a worldview, it’s not in vain that Oedipus, having learned about his atrocities, blinds himself, his gaze seduces to sin, his vision limits the corporeal, tangible, visually perceived world, limits it within the field of vision, distracting from the invisible. But the seraphim does not deprive the hero of his sight, he only clarifies it, sharpens it to the last subtlety. This is an expansion of the gaze upwards (“And I heard the shudder of the sky, / And the flight of angels from above”), and downwards (“And the reptile of the sea underwater passage”), and in breadth (“And the vegetation of the valley vine”). This is an aggravation to the vision of the invisible (“the heavenly flight of angels”).
Lightning insight horrifies the hero, the author compares his look with the look of a “frightened eagle”, and the eagle is perceived as one of the most courageous creatures. It is impossible to describe what is visible at this level in human language. Our language is our enemy, as you know, a source of slander and regrets about what was said. This nature of his is emphasized by the author, but his greatest evil is the inability to reflect the reality revealed to the hero, he is “idle and crafty”. This, by the way, is also emphasized by the language of the poem, which is written in a high style, replete with obsolete words and phrases. And finally, the last thing that undergoes change is the heart of the hero. Attachment to vice, and cowardice, and weakness, and love nest in the heart. The author's position is emphasized by the use of the epithet "quivering" and by the detail that during the transformation into a prophet, the heart is replaced by coal. A burning heart is a symbol of lofty motives and selfless service to humanity. Only such a person is able to receive the voice of God and proclaim the truth. His duty now is to use what was given for the good of people, to purify them with the word: “Burn the hearts of people with the verb!”
Pushkin's "The Prophet" ends with this appeal to the prophet. There is no service in the poem, but it is in the poem of the same name by M. Yu. Lermontov. It begins where Pushkin’s poem ends (“Since the eternal Judge / gave me the omniscience of the prophet ...”), but the “omniscience” of the Pushkin hero becomes the “omniscience” of the hero Lermontov, the prophet became not “burn the hearts of people with a verb”, but "to proclaim... love / And pure teachings of truth." An almost imperceptible, but still substitution of the prophet took place - Pushkin's prophet, deprived of his "I", given to God's truth, purified and belonging to eternity, turned into an orator, daring to judge and cherishing his judgments. If Pushkin's prophet originally belonged to the world, then Lermontov's prophet is separated from the world. Not the prophet is condemned by the world - the world is condemned by the prophet. The prophet, deep in reading "pages of malice and vice", does not give hope to the world, but only threatens and dooms to torment. Hence the paradox is born: a prophet sent into the world for the good of the world turns out to be not only unnecessary to the world, but also hostile.
As a result, it is not Pushkin's voluntary departure from the world for the sake of the world that appears in the poem, but exile merged with rejection. The prophet returns to the desert, the very one where the meeting with the seraphim took place and from where he went to the people. This is a return to the beginning, a refusal to move, an appeal to God's word to those who hear it themselves (birds and stars, inhabitants of the high world). This description refers us to a real life story about a prophet who escaped in the desert and was served by ravens. The poem ends with the same confrontation "poet - people", but now this is not a service, but a clash, forced and cruel. The city rejects the prophet (“how everyone despise him!”), but he also rejects the city: “I make my way hastily.” And the new prophets are old people who bequeath their hatred to children. Their speech ends the poem.
The end of the path of the prophet sounds in Nekrasov's poem of the same name: the poet dies for the truth ("... he sees the impossibility / To serve the good without sacrificing himself"). This prophet is not an outcast, but the world completely disappears in this poem. “Others”, that is, those around them, are named only once, and then more like a stamp. We see a prophet whose image has been curtailed before his death, and thus death, like life, turns out to be "only for itself." The senselessness of prophetic activity in its classical form: "burn the hearts of people with the verb."
And this prophet, the dying prophet, ends the history of Russian prophets of the nineteenth century. He brings to its logical conclusion that movement inward, that distance from divine revelation, which began already in Lermontov's text. From the high verb of Pushkin, poetry came to the areal style of Nekrasov. In the twentieth century, everyone will be his own prophet, which means that no one will become a prophet.
