Thunderstorm betrayal by his wife. The composition of the emotional drama of Katerina the play is a thunderstorm

In the drama of A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", the theme of betrayal and fidelity is revealed with the help of several plans, since it was important for the author to show that the tragedy of the situation he described does not lie only at the everyday level. Therefore, it is important to analyze not only the main plot, but also the images of the characters, to try to understand their motivation and characters.

• Change that can be justified. Reflecting on devotion and betrayal, first of all, the reader immediately draws attention to Katerina, as she violates marital fidelity. Being married to Tikhon, the heroine never had strong feelings for him. But Boris, young, handsome, intelligent, seemed to her ideal, especially in comparison with her husband, and she fell in love, strongly and sincerely. And this love, although it was seen as criminal by the timid and very pious Katerina, eventually won: after painful throwing, the girl succumbs to it and decides to commit treason. At least, in her judgments, the mere thought of feelings for another man was identical to treason. But in fact, the strong desire for love in the heroine is closely intertwined with the dream of regaining freedom lost after marriage, with a sense of liberation from the weak-willed Tikhon, from endless family oppression, from an unfair, tough and grouchy mother-in-law. It is not surprising that Katerina, who had not previously reacted to the attention of fans, falls in love with Boris, because in him she saw a person freer than the inhabitants of the "dark kingdom". Thus, her betrayal can be justified, because she initially entered into marriage against her will, and new family only put pressure on the woman, never becoming her home.
• Loyalty to yourself and your beliefs. Violating marital fidelity, Katerina remains true to herself. Imprisoned in the chains of an ignorant society, she does not become stale in her soul, but still continues to dream about how she would fly if she were a bird. She is capable of deep and all-consuming feelings. The heroine, almost at the beginning of the work, is already talking about her death: “I will throw myself out the window, I will rush into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, so I won’t, even if you cut me! And rightly so - Katerina does not agree to endure the suffocating, slavish way of society, which is firmly established in Kalinovo. That is why she has a conflict with her mother-in-law, who is trying to accustom her to the way of life of the "dark kingdom", which seems to the inhabitants of Kalinov to be the only correct one. Thus, the last choice of the heroine is a proof of loyalty to her ideals and principles. If she accepted the cruel customs from Domostroy, it would mean betraying herself.
• Treason to your word and beloved woman. The traitor in the play was Boris, Katerina's lover. The young man seems to be different from the inhabitants of the "dark kingdom", but is it? The hero works for his tyrant uncle, who must leave him an inheritance, but Boris has no confidence, because he is not even paid. However, he tolerates and does not show any resistance, referring to the fact that he needs to take care of his sister. In the scene of Katerina's last meeting with her lover, Boris tells her that he is a "free bird", but leaves her for Siberia on behalf of his uncle and cannot take the poor girl with him. It is interesting that earlier he said that he loved Katerina more than life, but in a difficult period for the heroine, he escapes; at parting, he constantly repeats that he does not have time, and it is time for him to go, although he sees that his beloved is suffering. Katerina knew at once that he was leaving her, but she was not angry; her feelings are strong and sublime, but, unfortunately, Boris betrays her anyway.
• Loyalty to self. One of the reasons for Katerina's unhappy life is the loyalty of the townspeople of Kalinov to their way of life. Here there is a place for tyranny, cruelty, slave labor, slander - in general, a suffocating, rotten place. The older generation, represented by Kabanova and Diky, oppresses the young in the person of Katerina, Boris and Varvara. Tikhon also gets it - he is too weak and weak-willed to try to resist his mother. Kabanova throughout the work put pressure on her son and his wife, taught them, indicated what kind of relationship should be between spouses. But she did this not only out of her whims - Kabanova firmly believes in what she says. She herself was raised this way and believes that this way of life should remain. Ignorance, rudeness and oppression reign in the city of Kalinov, but many residents are sure that this is how it should be, and contribute to the preservation of the “dark kingdom”. Unfortunately, loyalty to one's convictions is not always a positive quality, because time is passing, the world is changing, and each person must develop, and not stagnate on one principle that life itself refutes over the years.
• Loyalty is to your detriment. In the drama N.A. Ostrovsky has another hero who remains true to himself. This is Tikhon Kabanov. He lives in the "kingdom of tyrants" and understands this, but does not make any attempts to change anything. He has learned to survive in such a society, and if he feels that he has no more strength to endure, then he will go for a drink with friends, and then continue to live as he did before. Tikhon does not contradict his mother, in the play there is even a scene that is humiliating for him and Katerina, when Kabanova tells him that he must tell his wife before his departure, what instructions to give her. And he dutifully repeats everything after her. At the end of the work, when Katerina was found drowned, Tikhon throws himself at his mother and blames her for the death of his wife, to which Kabanova replies that she will talk to him at home. It is unlikely that the accusatory phrases of the hero mean that he has changed: the final remark belongs to Tikhon, but it is clear that he pities only himself: “Good for you, Katya! And why did I stay in the world to live and suffer.
• Loyalty to your beliefs. The mechanic Kuligin also coexists with the Kabanovs and the Wilds, but in his heart he remains a staunch supporter of progress and enlightenment. He is the only warrior in the field, and yet he is trying to change the life of the city, to introduce new trends and discoveries of science into it. He is not afraid to contradict the powerful of this world and says that a thunderstorm is just electricity, and not Elijah the prophet in a chariot. The hero understands that no one supports him, and the inhabitants do not need changes, and yet he does not betray himself, but goes his own thorny path to help society begin to develop.

Thus, the conflict in the play "Thunderstorm" is a conflict of different times and generations. The tragedy lies in the fact that young people do not want and can no longer live the way their elders teach, as it is written in Domostroy, but they will not be able to live “in a new way” either: the old laws are too strong, too strong the convictions of their defenders, oppression is too heavy. It is interesting that in the work such concepts as fidelity and betrayal, which usually have a certain connotation, acquire a double meaning: betrayal is not always from sinful thoughts, loyalty to oneself is not always evidence of a persistent character.

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Katerina is the central character in Ostrovsky's play The Thunderstorm. From the moment of writing, the work has been very popular. Performances staged based on the play do not leave the stage of the largest theaters. main reason such popularity in the talented disclosure of Katerina's character by the author.

The inevitable conflict with others and the emotional drama of the main character leads to her tragic death.

In the image of Katerina, Ostrovsky portrayed a strong independent personality, which is held back by the chains of traditional society. The patriarchal way of life, which everyone in the city adheres to, stifles the slightest manifestations of a living soul. His main supporter is Tikhon's mother. She raised her son in conditions of unquestioning obedience. Tikhon in his heart understands all the stupidity of mother's instructions, but he does not have the will to resist her.

Katerina sincerely loves and pities her husband. She cannot look indifferently at his humiliation in front of her mother. But she can't fix anything either. The stuffy atmosphere that prevails in the city gradually takes possession of it. Katerina unconsciously wants to break out of it.

The emotional drama of Katerina lies in the fact that under other conditions she would never have committed adultery to her husband. But in this "sleepy kingdom" it is too crowded for her, she suffocates from such a life. In the famous monologue of the protagonist "Why do people not fly" this spiritual desire is most clearly expressed. The fantastic desire to become a bird and fly away "far, far away" is a passionate impulse of a tortured soul.

In reality, Katerina's release was the result of a sudden love for Boris. The decency of the woman did not allow her to speak openly about this. The rapprochement took place with the assistance of Varvara. The romance with Boris, on the one hand, inspired Katerina, allowed her to feel the real enjoyment of life. On the other hand, this novel became disastrous for the main character.

The image of Katerina is extremely tragic. She cannot be considered a fallen woman who betrayed her husband for the sake of a fleeting hobby. The betrayal occurred through the fault of an old woman who had lost her mind and her weak-willed son. The time spent without a husband flashed by like a moment. Katerina anticipates the inevitable retribution for her terrible sin. She could easily hide all this, but, being a deeply religious woman, she does not even allow the thought of deception.

Katerina's mental turmoil is aggravated with the arrival of Tikhon. She lives as if in delirium, frightening those around her with her behavior and words. Katerina is waiting for divine punishment for her sinful behavior. The feeling of imminent death leads her to a terrible confession to her husband and his mother. Having confessed to sin, she, as it were, purifies her soul before death. Katerina's suicide is a logical outcome of the work. Her spiritual drama could not be resolved otherwise.

Katerina is a wonderful example of a strong spiritual personality. She is not to blame for the betrayal, nor for her own death. Ostrovsky convincingly showed what a destructive effect obsolete concepts and prejudices have on the human soul. The emotional drama of Katerina is indicative of any historical era.

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Loyalty and betrayal - arguments

* Loyalty to a friend:

** Fyodor Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (Dmitry Razumikhin supports his friend, Rodion Raskolnikov, no matter what)

** Vladimir Korolenko "In bad company"(Children from the dungeon: Valek and Marusya made friends with a boy from the "higher" class Vasya. The guys are so faithful to each other that they are ready not to betray under torture. Vasya even committed an unseemly act: he stole a doll from his own house for the sick Marusya to brighten up last days her life)

* Cheating on a friend:

** Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (Pyotr Grinev and Shvabrin. The heroes who were once friends turn out to be enemies because of different views on such concepts as honor, loyalty, nobility. Shvabrin eventually betrays Grinev, and because of love for one and the same the girl Masha Mironova does everything possible to destroy Grinev, with whom he was once friends)

** Mikhail Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time” (Grushnitsky, out of envy and jealousy, goes to Pechorin’s betrayal, since he turned out to be happier in love. Princess Mary Ligovskaya falls in love with Pechorin, who previously sympathized with Grushnitsky, who had his own plans for the girl. Deprived generosity, Grushnitsky cannot forgive Pechorin for his defeat and decides on a vile step - a dishonorable duel... He slanders Pechorin, accusing him of having close relations with Princess Mary, and during the duel he offers his former friend a pistol loaded with blank cartridges.)

** Haruki Murakami "Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and his wandering years" ("We don't want to see you anymore" - and no explanation. Four of his best friend suddenly cut him off from himself - and from his former life. After 16 years, the already matured Tsukuru will have to meet his friends again to find out what really happened. It turned out that Belaya accused him of rape and his friends believed it)

* Loyalty to profession/job:

** Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man" (about the events that occurred in the life of the Soviet pilot Alexei Meresyev during the Great Patriotic War. During the battle, the Germans shot down the plane. He escaped, but his toes were crushed. Eighteen days Meresyev made his way through the forest. He was amputated in the hospital. As a result of persistent training and great willpower, Alexei achieved the ability to fly as before. In incredibly difficult living conditions, he remained devoted to his chosen profession, his chosen cause.)

** Andrei Platonov “The Sandy Teacher” (Maria Nikifirovna Naryshkina chose the difficult profession of a teacher. When she was assigned to the village of Khoshutovo, where the sands “reigned” and there was no vegetation, she did not refuse. In this small settlement, people were dying of hunger , there was poverty and devastation everywhere, but Maria did not give up, but decided to use her gift as a teacher for good: to teach the inhabitants to deal with the sands.Thanks to her labors, vegetation appeared in the village, and on

lessons began to come more peasants. After the work done, she was sent to help the nomadic people. She could refuse, but, remembering the hopeless fate of this people, she decided to put public interests above her own. With her actions and fortitude, she proved that loyalty to her profession is not limited to the walls of the office. Maria Nikiforovna became an excellent example of disinterested professionalism, kindness and responsiveness and showed how difficult and important the path of a teacher is.)

* Loyalty to a loved one

** William Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet" (children of militant clans meet each other against the decrees of their parents. Juliet decides to pretend to be dead and avoid marrying another. Not knowing that his beloved is sleeping, Romeo takes poison. Waking up, Juliet sees dead Romeo and kills himself with a dagger)

** Mikhail Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" (Margarita loved her chosen one so much that she sold her soul to the devil. She was ready to look for him all over the world and beyond. She remained faithful to him, even when there was no hope of finding the Master.)

** Alexander Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" (Loyalty of love pushes a person to a feat, it can also be fatal. In A.I. Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet" unrequited love becomes the meaning of life of a petty official Zheltkov, who remains true to his high feeling for married woman who will never be able to love him back. He does not defile the beloved with the demands of reciprocal feelings. Tortured and suffering, he blesses Vera for a happy future, does not allow vulgarity and everyday life to penetrate into the fragile world of love. In his fidelity there is a tragic doom to death.)

* Infidelity (treason) to a loved one

** Alexander Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" ( main character Katerina fell in love with Boris, cheating on her husband (Kabanov Tikhon), and then commits suicide)

** Nikolai Karamzin "Poor Lisa" (the rich nobleman Erast seduces Lisa, and then, having received what he wants, leaves her, leaving "for the army", but then they meet after 2 months and he announces to her that he is engaged (he had to marry a rich widow, because he lost his fortune in cards. In the finale, the heroine commits suicide)

** Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace" (Natasha Rostova spiritually betrayed Andrei Bolkonsky with Anatole Kuragin) / note: + reasons for betrayal + when betrayal is justified - Rostova, due to her age and inexperience, could not think about the consequences of her choice)

* Keeping your word

** Leonid Panteleev “Honestly” (it is about a boy of seven or eight years old, who, during the game, was entrusted by the older boys to guard an imaginary powder warehouse and took his word of honor from him that he would not leave his post. After playing and forgetting about the sentry, the boys fled a long time ago home, but our hero stayed. It was already getting dark in the park when the narrator saw a little sentry who did not want to leave the post entrusted to him for anything, as he was afraid to break his promise. And only the permission of the major, whom the narrator accidentally finds at the tram stop, releases the boy from his word and allows him to go home.The narrator says that he does not know either the name, or the surname, or the parents of this boy,

but he knows one thing for sure: real man With strong will and a sense of fidelity to the word.)

** Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Tatyana Larina was the embodiment of moral strength and sincerity. Therefore, she rejected Onegin's love and remained faithful to her marital oath, despite the fact that she loved him.)

* Loyalty to yourself

** Ivan Bunin "Dark Alleys" (the heroine managed to remain faithful in her soul to her first and only love in her life - to Nikolai. Years pass, Nadezhda becomes an independent, firmly standing woman, but she remained alone. Loyalty to her beloved warms the heart of the heroine, although at the meeting she accuses him, not forgiving for betrayal.) / note: loyalty to her principles + loyalty to love + forgiveness of betrayal /

** Mikhail Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" (The Master believed so much in what he was doing that he could not betray his life's work. He could not leave it to be torn to pieces by envious critics. To save his work from misinterpretation and condemnation, he even destroyed it.)

* Loyalty/treason

** Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (Pyotr Grinev is faithful to his duty and his state, despite the mortal danger, when Shvabrin betrays the Motherland, the honor of an officer, friends, saving his life) / note: + reasons for betrayal /

** Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba" (the youngest son of Taras - Andriy - fell in love with a lady and betrayed his homeland) / note: + unforgiveness of betrayal by Taras)

** Mikhail Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" ( Main character Andrey Sokolov showed patriotism, dedication and courage not only during military service but also in captivity. The hero, being very hungry and tired, refuses to eat and drink in honor of the German victory. After all, Andrei is faithful to his Vaughan duty to the end, he is not afraid of being shot for his refusal to the fascist. Andrei Sokolov is a man with a capital letter. It was such people, devoted to the Motherland, who saved the country, defended it.)

Loyalty is an indispensable quality on which human relationships are built. The feeling when you know that there is a person you can trust, reveal all the spiritual secrets and know that he will never betray, is probably one of the most important. Still, there is something reliable in this changeable world. This is the rear, where everything is stable, where it is always cozy and comfortable.

But such a colorful picture can be easily changed. And changes her betrayal. Cheating instantly knocks the ground out from under your feet, deprives you of mental balance. Traitors are not loved anywhere: neither in society, nor in personal intimate relationships. The problem of the moral choice between duty and betrayal has a psychological and moral basis.

These two categories "loyalty" and "treason" are always of particular interest, especially among writers who are looking for topics for their work. Therefore, they are found in almost every second work.

The play by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" was no exception. In it, these two concepts are placed in the very center.

The author invites us to follow the fate of a simple woman, Katerina, who does not have clear life beliefs and principles, and she cannot figure out her feelings either. There is an opinion that they are not yet sufficiently developed in her. But life offers many tests and makes a woman appreciate what she does.

Very similar to Katherine. No, of course not outwardly. Namely, this lack of adult responsibility for their actions, some kind of immaturity and inferiority of the individual. Both of them cannot make decisions, and seem to be in some kind of limbo all the time.

Such naivety and childishness of both characters is exposed by the author literally for show. Together with him, we are watching how in Katerina and Tikhon only the beginnings of personality are born.

Ostrovsky - good psychologist, in order to reveal a person, he offers him a test. meets Boris and forgets that she is his wife. She is ready to commit betrayal and betrayal.

The young woman is weak in spirit, and constant bullying also has an effect. Katerina sees no other way out than to kill herself. She considers this the only solution to all problems. And she betrays even her feeling for Boris that has flared up.

Such an act is very selfish. We watch in horror how a person relates to his own life. He has no responsibility, no desire and strength to make a firm decision, no convictions. And it's scary. The play's ending is tragic but predictable.

Ostrovsky's work was written in the last century, but the topic raised in it is still relevant today. And it will always be significant, because the problems raised in it are eternal.

The author encourages us to grow up, respect ourselves, have our own word and be firm with it, follow the rules and norms approved in society. Only in this way will it be possible to grow up and become a person who knows how to take responsibility for actions and value his life.

For an essay on the topic “Fidelity and betrayal in love, the love sphere”, you can take such a novel as Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”. In this novel we find at once several examples of both outstanding fidelity and shameful betrayal.

Take the relationship between Pierre Bezukhov and Helen Kuragina. Pierre, a bright soul, fell in love with Helen, and since he always did everything thoroughly from the bottom of his heart, his love was pure and true. The very word treason for Pierre was a kind of incident, about which he believed that he would never meet him in his life.

But Ellen was different. It was a beautiful but empty soul, for which the concept of fidelity did not exist at all in this world. She initially treated Pierre not as a husband, but as a way to achieve material prosperity, a way to fulfill her ambitious plans. And so betrayal followed one after another.

Pierre suffered severely when he realized that this creature did not need his love, he tried to fight, but it was a fight only with his feelings, with his own loyalty and moral principles. In fact, their marriage was initially doomed to failure, because Helen did not understand pure love, and therefore fidelity, and did not attach any role to betrayal.

Fidelity could not resist betrayal and Pierre and Helen broke up.

Therefore, fidelity can become a gift from God only if both people keep fidelity in love, but if at least one surrenders to the will of betrayal, fidelity also dies, along with love.

Unified State Examination 2018 Theme essay on literature "Loyalty and treason" in the love sphere. Arguments and examples from works. Text conflict

At all times, the topic of loyalty and love was raised by almost everyone who knew how to hold a pen in his hand. This topic can be revealed using such works as Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy (she fell in love with another and realized that she could not live with her husband. Cheating on her husband, love for Vronsky). War and Peace is full of both loyalty and treason. True, "War and Peace" is a very extensive work, many read it selectively - either only about love, or only about war. Or take Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

A love that is not afraid of even death. Juliet dies consciously, realizing that there is no loved one nearby. I would consider the theme of loyalty and betrayal, taking as a basis the works of Alexandre Dumas. He has, what is not a work, then loyalty and treason (“The Count of Monte Cristo”, for example). The works of Pushkin (Eugene Onegin), Lermontov (Hero of Our Time), Ostrovsky (Thunderstorm), Bulgakov (Master and Margarita) and many many others will show what loyalty is and what treason is.

On the example of which works to write an essay on the topic "Fidelity and betrayal" in the love sphere

Difficult to find in fiction a work that somehow would not affect the theme of love. And where there is love, there is loyalty or betrayal. Therefore, the material for writing on the topic of fidelity and betrayal is very rich and varied.

Let's take Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" as an example. Two bright images- Bazarov and Odintsova. In the work there is no betrayal in the generally accepted sense, but there is infidelity in the sense of the inconstancy of feelings, the inability to take responsibility for the life of another person.

Odintsova's love is not real, superficial. There is nothing to say about fidelity when there is no sincere feelings, therefore, she betrays, first of all, not Bazarov, but love itself as a human ability to become firmly attached, accept another person with all her heart and give herself without a trace.

For an essay on the topic of loyalty and betrayal in the love sphere, I would take several works that very clearly show the conflict of loyalty and betrayal in the soul. These are very famous works, they represent a very clear understanding of these concepts. You have read all of them and know - this is Anna Karenina from the novel of the same name and Katerina from Ostrovsky Thunderstorm.

As an opposite version of treason, I would take the story Old World Landowners, where an example of fidelity to death is very clearly shown.