Games for the tongue (training of the articulatory apparatus). "Smile-tube." Pull your lips forward with a tube, then stretch your lips into a smile
The intelligibility and clarity of speech depend on the development of the muscles of the tongue, jaw, the condition of the teeth, and the nasopharynx. Therefore, if you want your child to speak beautifully and correctly, keep an eye on the health of the teeth, the state of the bite, and treat diseases to the end.
The language is most actively involved in the formation of words. From its position, from what form it takes (flattened and forms a groove, the tip of the tongue is narrowed and touches the upper incisors, etc.), the correct pronunciation of most of the sounds of the Russian language depends.
Proper speech breathing ensures the best sounding of the voice. A kind of inhalation and subsequent smooth exhalation create conditions for continuous and smooth sounding of speech, for the free sliding of the voice along the pitch, for the transition from quiet to loud speech and vice versa.
Next important point in the development of speech is a developed phonemic hearing, i.e. the ability to distinguish speech sounds (phonemes) from others. This makes it possible to distinguish words that are close in sound: small - crumpled, cancer - varnish.
In order to develop good diction in a child, to ensure a clear and harmonious pronunciation, we suggest that you pay attention to games for the development of speech breathing and phonemic hearing. It should, while playing with the child, correctly pronounce the sounds in the word, drawing the attention of the baby to the correct pronunciation.
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1. "Mugs".
The child performs various facial movements: puffs out his cheeks, shows his tongue, stretches his lips with a tube, opens his mouth wide, etc.
2. Clicking the tongue with the mouth wide open.
Clicking tongue, lips stretched into a wide smile. Whistling, while the lips are extended into a tube. After working out these elements, the child is invited several times in a row to click twice, click twice, whistle twice.
3. Licking lips, teeth, plate or lollipop.
Spitting grits. Rolling nuts in the mouth.
4. Gymnastics for the tongue:
moving in different directions, arching the tongue, squeezing and unclenching the tongue, rolling into a tube, teasing, etc.
5. Repeat.
The repetition of tongue twisters improves the mobility of the organs of articulation, develops auditory attention, and contributes to the correct pronunciation of sounds.
The exercise includes poems and tongue twisters with difficult to pronounce combinations of sounds. These tasks are performed only by those children who pronounce all sounds correctly. Memorizing tongue twisters is quite difficult, but it is not necessary. It is more important to pronounce all the sounds correctly.
First, the child loudly and slowly repeats a poem or tongue twister. If he succeeds without errors, you can try to speak the same text, gradually speeding up the pace.
Tongue twisters for classes:
In the morning, sitting on a hillock,
Magpies learn tongue twisters.
Karrrr! Potato, cardboard box, carriage, cap.
Karrrr! Cornice, caramel, peanut.
Sanya drove a sleigh up the hill.
I rode Sanya from the hill, and on Sanya a sleigh.
Yegor walked through the yard
Build a fence with an axe.
How big is our family
Yes funny:
Two stand by the shop
Two want to learn
Two Stepans with sour cream
overeating,
Two Dashas at the porridge
eat,
Two Ulkas in a cradle
One Masha is not ours,
Yes, and that's good.
The brothers sowed wheat
Yes, they were taken to the city-capital:
Know that the capital was
Not far from the village.
Here is a telegram from a hippopotamus.
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandpa Egor is coming.
On my own horse
wife on a cow
children on calves,
Grandchildren on goats.
Sasha walked along the highway and sucked dry.
Thirty-three cars in a row chatter, rumble.
Thirty-three ships tacked, tacked, but did not catch.
On Tuesdays over the pavement
flew balloon empty.
The snorer has mansions at home.
The snorer snores in his mansions.
A sofa floated in the ocean.
And on it lay Ivan.
So nice in the ocean
Swim,
Lying on the sofa.
Veronica Veronica
Boil dumplings.
Varya and Valerik - a pair of dumplings each.
And Tole and Borya
And more so!
Dear Alik bagel,
Alla was given a bagel by Alik,
Galya Alika scolded -
And Allah ate the bagel.
They gave Masha whey from yogurt.
The cap is sewn, the cap is tied,
Yes, not in a kolpakovski way.
6. Giraffe and mouse.
Purpose: the formation of speech breathing and the correct sound pronunciation.
Game progress:
The child stands upright, then kneels, raises his hands up, stretches and looks at his hands - inhale ("A giraffe has a big growth ..."). Squats, clasping his knees with his hands and lowering his head, - exhale, with the pronunciation sound sh-sh-sh("... The mouse has a small one").
Then the child goes and at the same time says:
Our giraffe went home Together with the little gray mouse. The giraffe is big, the mouse is small.
(Repeat 6-8 times.)
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7. The game "Lisa-Patrikeevna".
Purpose: formation of correct articulation of the jaws and near-oral muscles at rest.
Material: board ("bridge") or wide ribbon, small dryers or cookies.
Game progress:
The "bridge"-board lies on the floor The child walks along the bridge, opens his mouth, sticks out his tongue, on the tip of which the host puts a cracker. Having passed the bridge, the child eats cookies.
8. The game "Cheerful parrot".
Purpose: the development of sound-phonemic analysis, the formation of a sense of rhythm, the development of the ability of onomatopoeia.
Game progress:
The leader pronounces syllable rows with tapping or slapping each syllable. They say to the child: "You are a cheerful parrot, and parrots repeat every word. Can you repeat after me and tap every word with the edge of your palm? Be careful."
The child and the leader sit opposite each other at the table. On command, the child begins to tap and repeat the syllables:
a) the same - ra-ra-ra;
b) with a change of pace (slowly - quickly) - ra-ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra; ra-ra-ra-ra;
c) with the build-up of the row - pa - pa-pa - pa-pa-pa - pa-pa-pa-pa - pa-pa-pa-pa-pa. It is necessary to monitor the achievement of coordination of voice and movements.
9. Game "Vodichka".
Purpose: the development of speech breathing (pronunciation of a sound on one exhalation, drawling), the formation of the correct pronunciation of the sound C.
Material: tap with water, picture of washing children.
Game progress:
An adult opens a water tap and draws the child's attention to how the water flowing from the tap "sings" (s-s-s). Then he shows a picture of washing children and reads a nursery rhyme:
Water, water, Wash my face, To make my eyes shine, To make my cheeks blush, To make my mouth laugh, To bite my teeth!
An adult, together with a child, repeats the nursery rhyme 3-4 times and at the end of the game invites him to "sing" a song of water. The child sings a "long song", i.e. pronounces the sound C for a long time.
10. Game "Captains".
Purpose: development of the ability to combine the pronunciation of a sound with the beginning of an exhalation, the alternation of a long, smooth and strong exhalation; development of the ability to pronounce the sound Ф for a long time on one exhalation and repeatedly pronounce the sound P (p-p-p) on one exhale; activation of the muscles of the lips.
Material: a basin of water and paper boats.
Game progress:
On small table there is a basin of water where he swims paper boat. The child sits on a chair and blows on the boat, pronouncing the sound F or P.
An adult invites the child to ride a boat from one city to another, marking the cities with icons on the edges of the pelvis.
The adult explains to the child that in order for the boat to move, you need to blow on it slowly, folding your lips as if to pronounce the sound F. You can simply blow - stretching your lips with a tube, but not puffing out your cheeks. The ship with an even "wind" moves smoothly and confidently sails towards the target.
“But then a gusty wind comes up,” says the adult, “it blows unevenly: p-p-p. The child repeats and seeks to drive the boat to a certain place.
An adult makes sure that when pronouncing the sound F, the child does not puff out his cheeks; the sound P was pronounced on one exhalation 2-3 times and also did not puff out his cheeks. Finishing the game, the child and the adult sing together:
Wind, breeze, Pull the sailboat! Drive the ship to the Volga River!
11. The game "Jackhammer".
Game progress:
The host says: “You must have seen jackhammers: miners work with them and road workers open asphalt. Now we will try to imitate this hammer. To do this, you need to pronounce the sound D-D-D-D-D for a long, long time.
Then the children try to do this exercise for 3-4 minutes.
12. The game "Watch".
Purpose: formation of the skill of correct articulation of the tongue, teeth, muscles of the maxillofacial region at the stage of the starting impulse when swallowing.
Game progress:
The host says: "The clock has hands that go around in a circle all the time. At the same time hour hand moves very slowly, minute - faster, and second - runs very fast.
So our tongue must learn to walk in a circle, like the hands of a clock. To do this, you need to open your mouth and tongue along the inner walls of the upper and lower lips to make circular movements from left to right and vice versa.
Children do exercises on command: "Like an hour hand - slower; like a minute hand - faster; like a second hand - even faster."
The leader needs to ensure that the mouth is constantly open and the lower jaw remains motionless.
Other publications on the topic of this article:
"Happy tongue"
Development of articulatory motor skills
The correct pronunciation of sounds is ensured due to the good mobility of the organs of articulation, which include the tongue, lips, lower jaw, and soft palate. Accuracy, strength and differentiation of the movements of these organs develop in the child gradually, in the process of speech activity. In a child with a general underdevelopment of speech due to underdevelopment or brain damage, the mobility of organs is impaired articulation apparatus.
Work on the development of the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus takes place in the following areas:
· carrying out a differentiated massage of the facial and articulatory muscles;
· carrying out work to combat salinity;
· performing articulatory gymnastics.
Articulation gymnastics
Work on the development of the main movements of the organs of the articulation apparatus is carried out in the form of articulation gymnastics. The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated.
When selecting exercises for articulation gymnastics, one must follow a certain sequence, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.
Of the two or three exercises performed, only one can be new, the second and third are given for repetition and consolidation. If the child performs some exercise not well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.
The articulatory gymnast is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.
The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9x12 cm), but then the adult should be in front of the child facing him.
The work is organized as follows:
1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using game techniques.
2. Shows its implementation.
3. The child does the exercise, and the adult controls the execution.
An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics should monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: accuracy of movement, smoothness, pace of execution, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.
In the process of doing gymnastics, it is important to remember to create a positive emotional state in the child. You can not tell him that he is doing the exercise incorrectly - this can lead to a refusal to perform the movement. Better show the child his achievements (“You see, the tongue has already learned to be wide”), cheer (“Nothing, your tongue will definitely learn to rise upwards”). If the child has salivation during the exercises, then the following exercises are recommended before articulation gymnastics:
1. The child is explained the need to swallow saliva.
2. Carrying out a massage of the masticatory muscles that interfere with the swallowing of saliva.
3. Calling passively and actively chewing movements, ask the child to tilt his head back, so there is an involuntary desire to swallow saliva; can be supported by a request.
4. The child is invited to chew solid food in front of the mirror (cookies are possible), this stimulates the movements of the masticatory muscles and leads to the need to make swallowing movements, it can be reinforced with a request (thus, involuntary movements turn into arbitrary ones).
5. Arbitrary closing of the mouth due to passive-active movements of the lower jaws. At first passively: one hand of the speech therapist is under the child's chin, the other is on his head, by pressing and bringing the child's jaws closer together - the "flattening" movement. Then this movement is done with the help of the hands of the child himself, then actively without the help of hands, with the help of a count, a command.
Articulation gymnastics for the development of lip mobility
Work on the development of lip mobility begins with preparatory exercises:
· make the child laugh (involuntary stretching of the lips);
· smear lips with sweet (“licking” - raising the tip of the tongue up or down);
· bring a long lollipop to your mouth (pulling the child's lips forward).
After evoking involuntary movements, they are fixed in an arbitrary plan, in active gymnastics. At first, the movements will not be performed in full, not in the exact volume, then they are fixed in special exercises for the lips (“smile, “proboscis”, alternating them).
The following exercises are introduced:
1."Naughty lips."Biting and scratching first the upper and then the lower lip with the teeth.
2. "Smile- tubule.Pull your lips forward with a tube, then stretch your lips into a smile.
3.«Proboscis".Move the lips stretched out with a tube to the right and left, rotate in a circle.
4."Rybka »:
· clap your lips against each other (a dull sound is pronounced);
· squeeze the upper lip by the nasolabial fold with the thumb and forefinger of one hand and the lower lip with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down;
· pull the cheeks inward strongly, and then sharply open the mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a “kiss” is heard.
5."Duck.Pull out the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.
6 ."Disgruntled horse."The flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. The sound is similar to the snorting of a horse.
7. "The lion cub is angry."Raise the upper lip so that the upper teeth are visible. Lower the lower lip, exposing the lower teeth.
8."Sponges are hidden.The mouth is wide open, the lips are retracted into the mouth, tightly pressed against the teeth.
9."Balloon"(if the lips are very weak). Strongly inflate your cheeks, holding the air in your mouth with all your might.
10. "Strong Sponges":
· hold a pencil, a plastic tube with your lips. Draw a circle (square) with a pencil;
· hold a gauze napkin with your lips - an adult tries to pull it out.
Articulation gymnastics for lips and cheeks
1."Cheeks are cold."Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks.
2.«Fatty."Inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately.
3. "Skinny". Pull in your cheeks.
4."Fists.The mouth is closed. To beat with a fist on inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Articulation gymnastics for tongue muscles
Work on the development of the mobility of the tongue begins with general movements, with a gradual transition to more subtle, differentiated movements. In case of severe dysarthria, the following exercises are recommended for articulatory gymnastics:
· placing the tip of the tongue against the inner surface of the lower incisors;
· stretching the tongue forward and retracting it back;
· stimulation of the muscles of the root of the tongue. First, arbitrarily, by reflex contractions, as a result of irritation of the root of the tongue with a spatula. Then the movements are fixed in unconditioned reflexes, and then in arbitrary "cough" movements.
Next, subtle, differentiated movements of the tongue are performed. For this purpose, movements are purposefully selected, aimed at developing the desired articulation mode, taking into account the normal articulation of the sound and the nature of the defect. Articulation gymnastics is best done in the form of games that are selected taking into account the age of the child, the nature and degree of organic damage. The following exercises are recommended:
1."Pancake.The mouth is open, lips are in a smile, a wide tongue is kept in the oral cavity in a relaxed, calm state, counting up to 5-10. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, and the tip touches the lower teeth.
2. "Spatula".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, put the tip of the tongue on the lower lip with a “shovel”, the lateral edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth. In a calm, relaxed state, hold the tongue counting up to 5-10. Make sure that the lower lip does not tuck, the wide tip of the tongue lies on the lip, without going beyond it. If the tongue cannot be made wide, you can slap it with your lips, pronouncing pya-pya-pya, or sing the sound [and].
3. "We will punish the tongue."Lips in a smile, biting lightly, massage the entire surface of the tongue with your teeth, slowly protruding and pulling it into your mouth. Then scratch your tongue with your teeth.
4. "Needle".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, stick out the tongue outward with a “needle”, reach for the finger, pencil, candy that is moved away from the tongue. Make sure that the lips and jaws are motionless.
5. "Swing".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, move the tongue to the corners of the mouth to the right and left. Make sure that the jaw and lips are motionless, the tongue does not slide along the lower lip.
6. "Delicious jam"Mouth open, lips in a smile. Lick the tip of the tongue on the upper lip from one corner of the mouth to the other. Make sure that the tongue reaches the corners of the mouth, the movement is smooth, without jumps, the jaw does not move. Also lick your bottom lip. Then lick your lips in a circle.
7.«Let's brush our teeth-1.The mouth is closed. Lick your teeth under the lower, then under the upper lip. Make sure that the jaw and lips do not move.
8."Let's brush our teeth-2.The mouth is closed. Lick the teeth under the lips in a circular motion of the tongue. Do the same with your mouth open.
9. The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Smoothly run your tongue along the upper teeth, touching each tooth, counting them. Make sure that the jaw does not move. The same movement - on the lower teeth.
10. The mouth is closed. The tense tip of the tongue rests on one or the other cheek. The same, but the mouth is open.
eleven."Let's brush our teeth-3.The mouth is closed. The tip of the tongue rests on the cheek and makes the tongue move up and down. Make sure that the jaw does not move.
12."Beans".With a paretic, sluggish tongue, move beans, peas, etc. in the mouth.
13."Swing".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Raise a wide tongue to the nose and lower to the chin. Make sure that the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.
14."Swing-1".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Raise a wide tongue to the upper and lower to the lower teeth. Make sure that the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.
15."Swing-2".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put the wide tip of the tongue on the alveoli behind the lower teeth from the inside, then lift it onto the tubercles behind the upper teeth, also from the inside. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.
16."Focus".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Stick out the tongue with a "cup", "ladle". Blow off the cotton wool from the tip of the nose, the air comes out in the middle of the tongue, the cotton wool flies straight up. Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless, and the lower lip does not stretch over the lower teeth.
17. "Drummer".Mouth open, lips in a smile. The lateral edges of the tongue rest against the lateral upper teeth. Repeatedly drum with a tense wide tip of the tongue on the upper gum:d-d-d,gradually picking up the pace. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move, the lips remain in a smile, the sound has the character of a clear blow, so that the exhaled stream of air is clearly felt.
18. "Rain".The same, but pronounce dy-dy-dy. As in exercise 17, only the tongue works. For control, you can bring a strip of paper to your mouth. If done correctly, it will deviate.
19."Turkey".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put a wide tongue on upper lip and move it back and forth, trying not to tear the tongue from the lip, as if stroking it. The tempo accelerates gradually, the sound of the voice is added until sounds similar tobl-bl(turkey talking). Make sure that the tongue is wide, it should lick the upper lip. The lower jaw does not move.
20. "Horse-1".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Press the wide tip of the tongue against the palate behind the upper teeth and tear off with a click (click the tip of the tongue). The pace is gradually picking up. Make sure that the lips smile, the lower jaw does not move.
21 ."Horse-2".The same, but silently.
22. "Coil".Mouth open, lips in a smile. The wide tip of the tongue rests against the lower gum, the back of the tongue arches. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, the tip of the tongue remains at the lower teeth and is not pulled back, the jaw and lips are motionless.
23.Glue candy-1.Suction of the back of the tongue to the palate, first with closed jaws, and then with open ones. If suction fails, then sticky candy can be put on the back of the tongue - the child tries, pressing the back of the tongue against the palate, to suck the candy.
24.Glue candy-2.Mouth open, lips in a smile. Suck a wide tongue to the hard palate, hold it counting up to 10, then tear it off with a click. Make sure that the lips and lower jaw do not move, the lateral edges of the tongue are equally tightly pressed (not a single half should sag). When repeating the exercise, open your mouth wider.
25.Harmonic".Suction the back of the tongue with the entire plane to the hard palate. Without releasing the tongue, close and open the mouth, stretching the hyoid frenulum. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and longer and keep your tongue in the upper position. Make sure that when opening the mouth, the lips are motionless, one of the sides of the tongue does not sag.
26 .Teaser.The tip of the tongue protrudes outward and moves between the lips, first vertically and then horizontally, while tension is felt in the frenulum of the tongue. When the voice is turned on, a sound similar to a child's "teasing" is obtained.
27. "Breeze".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound [f] for a long time, blow off the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table
Articulation gymnastics for the lower jaw
A necessary condition for clear speech is the ability to open the mouth correctly. This is due to the work of the lower jaw.
A set of exercises for the development of the muscles of the lower jaw:
1. "Cowardly chick."Open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of your lips stretch. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The "chick" tongue sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically.
2. "Sharks". On the count of "one" the jaw drops, on "two" - the jaw moves to the right (mouth is open), on the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, on "four" - the jaw moves to the left, on "five" - the jaw is lowered, on "six" - the jaw moves forward, "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
3. "Camel". Imitation of chewing with closed and open mouth.
4. "Monkey". The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.
5. "Angry Lion" The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin and the mental pronunciation of the sounds [a] or [e] on a solid attack, more difficult - with a whisper pronunciation of these sounds.
6. "Strongman-1". The mouth is open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth. Relax.
7. "Strongman-2". Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. Relax.
8. "Strongman-3". Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw).
9. "Strongman-4". Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.
10. "Teasers". Widely, often open your mouth and pronounce pa-pa-pa.
Articulation exercises for the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate
1."I want to sleep":
· yawn with open and closed mouth;
· yawn with a wide opening of the mouth, noisy inhalation of air.
2 ."Gorlyshkobolit":
· arbitrarily cough;
· cough well with your mouth wide open, clenching your fists with force;
· cough with tongue hanging out;
· imitate gargling with head thrown back;
· gargle with a heavy liquid (jelly, juice with pulp, kefir);
· swallow water in small portions(20-30 sips);
· swallow drops of water, juice.
3. "Ball". Inflate cheeks with pinched nose.
4. Slowly pronounce the sounds [k], [g], [t], [d].
5.Imitate:
moan;
mooing;
whistling.
6. "Strongman":
· tilt your head back to overcome resistance. An adult holds a hand on the back of the child's head;
· lower your head to overcome resistance. The adult holds his hand on the forehead of the child;
· throw back and lower the head with a strong pressure on the fists of both hands with the chin;
This article discusses the importance of articulatory gymnastics. Clear recommendations are given organizational issues for doing exercises. Before getting acquainted with articulatory gymnastics, it is recommended to use the game "Fairytale-pointer" to clarify the names of parts of the face and organs of articulation. It also presents the main sets of articulation exercises necessary for staging each specific sound (for whistling, hissing sounds, R and L sounds). In addition to articulation exercises, for the development of the organs of the articulatory apparatus in speech therapy practice, it is advisable to use breathing exercises, which allow you to develop a targeted air stream. All exercises are offered to children in game form: "The Tale of the Merry Tongue", which has many options, or the interactive fairy tale "Visiting Grandparents".
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Games and game exercises
For the development of the articulatory apparatus
Speech sounds are formed as a result of a complex set of movements of articulatory organs - kinem. The development of this or that kinema opens up the possibility of mastering those speech sounds that could not be pronounced due to its absence. We correctly pronounce various sounds, both in isolation and in the speech stream, thanks to the strength, good mobility and differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Thus, the pronunciation of speech sounds is a complex motor skill.
Already from infancy, the child makes a lot of various articulatory-mimic movements with the tongue, lips, jaw, accompanying these movements with diffuse sounds (muttering, babble). Such movements are the first stage in the development of a child's speech; they play the role of gymnastics of the organs of speech in the natural conditions of life. The accuracy, strength and differentiation of these movements develop gradually in the child.
For clear articulation, strong, elastic and mobile organs of speech are needed - tongue, lips, palate.
Articulatory gymnastics is the basis for the formation of speech sounds - phonemes - and the correction of sound pronunciation disorders of any etiology and pathogenesis; it includes exercises:
To train the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus,
Practicing certain positions of the lips, tongue, soft palate, necessary for the correct pronunciation of both all sounds and each sound of a particular group.
The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
1. It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated. It is better to do exercises for 3-5 minutes.
2. Each exercise is performed 5-7 times.
3. Static exercises are performed for 10-15 seconds (holding the articulation posture in one position).
4. When working with children of 3-4 years of age, it is necessary to ensure that they memorize the basic movements.
For children 4-5 years old, the requirements increase: movements should be clearer and smoother, without twitches.
At 6 - 7 years of age, children should perform exercises at a fast pace and be able to hold the position of the tongue for some time without changes.
5. When choosing exercises for articulation gymnastics, you must follow a certain sequence, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way. You can use symbol cards depicting articulation exercises, elements of theatricalization (with puppets), "The Tale of the Merry Tongue".
6. Articulatory gymnastics is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.
7. The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9x12 cm), but then the adult should be opposite the child facing him.
8. It is better to start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.
Organization of articulation gymnastics
1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using game techniques.
2. An adult shows the exercise.
3. The child does the exercise, and the adult controls the execution
An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics should monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: accuracy of movement, smoothness, pace of execution, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.
4. If the child does not get some kind of movement, help him (with a spatula, a teaspoon handle or just a clean finger).
5. Get creative with the exercises.
At first, when children perform exercises, there is a tension in the movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Gradually, the tension disappears, the movements become relaxed and at the same time coordinated.
Before getting acquainted with articulatory gymnastics, I recommend using the Fairy Tale Pointer game to clarify the names of parts of the face and articulation organs. First, a poem is read and parts of the face and articulatory organs are shown together with the child.
You are not tired yet, pull the chin down,
Show me, my hand: To drop with the jaw.
This is the right cheek, There - I'm not used to walking -
This is the left cheek. Timidly hides the tongue.
You are strong, not weak, And around - a whole row -
Hello, upper lip, lower teeth stand:
Hello, lower lip, Lateral - left, right,
I love you no less! Ahead - a frame of teeth.
The lips have one feature - the sky instead of the ceiling
A smile is locked in them: There is a tongue in the mouth.
To the right - the right corner of the mouth, And when the mouth opened,
To the left - the left corner of the mouth. The tongue went forward.
Interesting picture:
There is a tip, there is a back,
Lateral there are edges -
I know everything about the mouth!
After the child has learned the name of the parts of the face and articulatory organs, you can begin to perform articulation exercises.
Each exercise has its own name. These names are conditional, but it is very important that children remember them. Firstly, the name arouses interest in the exercise in the child, and secondly, it saves time, because. the speech therapist does not need to explain the methods of implementation every time, but it is enough just to say the name of the exercise.
As a rule, it is necessary to exercise the child only in those movements that are disturbed, as well as in those that are required to set each specific sound.
The following exercises are required for making whistling sounds.:
Tongue on lower lip.
"Gorka (Kiska is angry)" - open your mouth. Rest the tip of the tongue in the lower
Teeth, and lift the tongue up.
"Coil" - rest the tip of the tongue against the lower front teeth.
Press the lateral edges of the tongue to the upper molars
Teeth. Wide tongue "roll out" forward and
Remove deep into the mouth.
“We clean the lower teeth” - open your mouth in a smile, “clean” with the tip
Tongue lower teeth on the inside, making
Movement from side to side. Lower jaw
And lips are still. moving side to side
Side of the tip of the tongue should be at
Desen.
"Pipe" - open your mouth and stick out a wide tongue a little.
The lateral edges of the tongue are bent up. Blow in
The resulting "pipe".
To set hissing sounds, the following exercises are required:
"Shovel (Pancake)" - open your mouth and put a wide relaxed
Tongue on lower lip.
Language.
tubercles (alveoli).
"Horse" - open your mouth and click your tongue. Click slowly and
Strongly, pull the hyoid ligament. Lower
The jaw and lips do not move.
Close.
To set the sound L, the following exercises are required:
"Shovel (Pancake)" - open your mouth and put a wide relaxed
Tongue on lower lip.
"Needle" - open your mouth. Stick your tongue out far ahead, strain
Make it narrow.
"Cup" - open your mouth wide and put a wide
Relaxed tongue on the lower lip. raise
The edges of the tongue without touching the upper teeth.
"Fungus" - open your mouth. Suck your tongue to the sky. without tearing it off
From the sky, strongly pull down the lower jaw.
The tongue must not leave the palate.
"Swing" - stick out a narrow tongue. Stretch your tongue alternately
Now to the nose, then to the chin. The mouth is not
Close.
“Delicious jam” - slightly open your mouth, with a wide tongue “lick
Jam "from the upper lip from top to bottom and hide
Language.
"Sail" - open your mouth. Raise your tongue up and touch
tubercles (alveoli).
"Malyar" - open your mouth. Wide tip of the tongue
With a brush, drive along the palate forward - backward, do not
Breaking away. The lower jaw does not move.
"Watch" - open your mouth. Stick out a narrow tongue. reach out
Tongue alternately to the right ear, then to the left.
To set the sound R, the following exercises are required:
"Shovel (Pancake)" - open your mouth and put a wide relaxed
Tongue on lower lip.
"Fungus" - open your mouth. Suck your tongue to the sky. without tearing it off
From the sky, strongly pull down the lower jaw.
The tongue must not leave the palate.
"Swing" - stick out a narrow tongue. Stretch your tongue alternately
Now to the nose, then to the chin. The mouth is not
Close.
“Delicious jam” - slightly open your mouth, with a wide tongue “lick
Jam "from the upper lip from top to bottom and hide
Language.
"Sail" - open your mouth. Raise your tongue up and touch
tubercles (alveoli).
"Malyar" - open your mouth. Wide tip of the tongue
With a brush, drive along the palate forward - backward, do not
Breaking away. The lower jaw does not move.
"Drummer" - open your mouth. Raise your tongue up. tip of tongue with
Force "hit" on the tubercles behind the upper teeth and
Pronounce sounds: "d - d - d ..."
The system of exercises for the development of articulatory motor skills should include both static exercises and exercises aimed at developing dynamic coordination of speech movements:
Static: "Pancakes (Shovel)", "Cup", "Needle", "Angry Pussy", "Tube".
Dynamic: "Watch", "Horse", "Fungus", "Swing", "Delicious Jam", "Malyar", "Reel".
In addition to articulation exercises, for the development of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, speech therapy practice uses breathing exercises, which allows you to develop a targeted air stream.
“Drive the ball into the goal” - 1 option: stretch your lips forward with a tube and
Gently blow on a cotton ball lying on the table
In front of the child, driving him between two cubes
(these are "football goals");
Option 2: smile, put wide
Anterior edge of tongue to lower lip
(“Spatula”) and smoothly, with the sound F, blow off the cotton.
"Focus" - smile, open your mouth, put a wide
The front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that
Its lateral edges were pressed against the upper lip, and along
There was a slit-groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the fleece,
Placed on the tip of the nose. Air while
Must go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly
Up.
“The breeze blows from the hill” - smile, open your mouth. Put the language
"slide", and then calmly and smoothly blow along
Middle of the tongue. The air must be cold.
First, all exercises of articulation gymnastics are performed, as it should be in front of a mirror. When the “mirror” stage has passed, and holding static postures is still necessary, the game situation allows you to do this unobtrusively. The alternation of static and dynamic poses occurs quite naturally during the development of the plot.
The Tale of the Merry Tongue, which has many options, has become widespread in speech therapy practice. In my work, I also use another interactive fairy tale "Visiting Grandparents"
Interactive fairy tale "Visiting grandparents"
Fat grandchildren came to visit, ("Fat Man")
They are thin with them, only skin and bones, ("Thin")
Fat granddaughters came too, ("Fat Boy")
With them, thin - only bones and skin. ("Thin Girl")
Grandma and Grandpa smiled at everyone
In the morning we woke up - in a smile of the lips, - ("Smile")
We brushed our upper teeth. ("Brushing your teeth")
Left and right, inside and out, -
We are also friends with the lower teeth.
We squeeze our lips and rinse our mouths,
And puff the samovar as much as we can. ("Balloons")
We put saucers - they put pancakes for us. ("Spatula")
We blow on a pancake - not on the cheeks, not past. ("We blow on the spatula")
We eat pancake. Wrap and bite ("Bite the tongue")
The next pancake - we'll have a snack with jam. ("Delicious jam")
Let's put the cups so that they pour tea, ("Cup")
They blew on the nose - we cooled the tea. ("Focus")
They drank tea - no one was offended. ("Cup")
Breakfast was delicious - we will lick our lips. ("Delicious jam")
We always help our grandmother -
We thread the needle quickly. ("Needle")
Grandma sewed seams on a typewriter
And switched it to "zigzag". ("Watch", "Snake")
She swept the loops with a needle,
I sewed round buttons.
Grandfather made a swing for his grandchildren -
We all managed to swing on them. ("Swing")
After the swing we played hide and seek:
They hid in the attic and in the basement. ("Swing")
Grandpa rides a horse deftly,
Voiced ones get stuck on the clay of a horseshoe. ("Horse")
Here the horse slows down the steps, ("Horse")
Here on the edge we see mushrooms. ("Fungus")
We rather collected them in baskets,
Horses "Whoa!" we said at home. ("Coachman")
Here came a turkey from the barn,
She said importantly: "Bl - bl - bl - bla"! ("Turkey")
Regular performance of articulatory gymnastics and breathing exercises helps:
- Improve blood supply to the articulatory organs and their innervation (nerve conduction),
- Improve the mobility of the articulatory organs,
- Strengthen the muscular system of the tongue, lips, cheeks,
- Teach the child to hold a certain articulatory posture,
- Increase range of motion
- Reduce spasticity (tension) of the articulatory organs,
- Prepare the child for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Julia Belyaeva
Games for the development of the muscles of the speech apparatus of preschoolers
Games for the development of the muscles of the speech apparatus
A person correctly pronounces various sounds due to the good mobility of the organs of articulation, which include the tongue, lips, lower jaw, and soft palate. Accuracy, strength and differentiation of movements of these organs develop the child gradually, in the process speech activity. Work on development of the muscles of the speech apparatus carried out in the form of articulatory gymnastics.
It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated. It is better to do it 2-3 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Do not offer children more than 5-7 exercises at a time. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.
The articulatory gymnast is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position. The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9x12 cm, but then the adult should be opposite the child facing him.
In the process of doing gymnastics, it is important to remember to create a positive emotional state in the child. You can not tell him that he is doing the exercise incorrectly - this can lead to a refusal to perform the movement. Better show the child his achievements ( “You see, the language has already learned to be wide”, cheer ( “Nothing, your tongue will definitely learn to rise up”).
Game examples
For muscle development of the speech apparatus:
1. "Smile-tube"- smile (teeth are not visible, stretch your lips with a tube. Alternate 7-10 times.
2."Fence-window"- smile so that the teeth are visible, pull the rounded lips forward (as if we're talking oh-oh-oh) Alternate 7-10 times.
3. "Hamster"- inflate the cheeks, then retract. Alternate 7-10 times.
4. "We will punish the naughty tongue"- Open your mouth a little, calmly put your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, make sounds "pah-pah-pah...". Keep a wide tongue in a calm position with an open mouth, counting from one to five to ten.
8. "Delicious jam"- Slightly open your mouth and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, moving the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.
7. "Turkey"- Open your mouth, put your tongue on your upper lip and make movements with the wide front edge of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to tear your tongue from your lip - as if stroking it. First make slow movements, then speed up the pace and add voice until you hear bl-bl (like a turkey mumbles).
8. "Swing"- Smile, show teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue behind your lower teeth (on the inside, then lift your wide tongue behind your upper teeth (also on the inside) and keep counting from one to five. So, alternately change the position of the tongue 4-6 times.
9. "Horse"- Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth and click the tip of your tongue (as a horse clatters its hooves).
10."Gum" To account "once"- lips are pulled forward. To account "two"- stretch into a smile, exposing the upper teeth, the jaws open. The movements of the lips and jaws resemble active chewing.
11."Disgruntled Horse" The lips are slightly closed and relaxed. With a strong stream of air, make the lips vibrate with the connection of a sound resembling a lip sound, with which the cabbies stop the horse, pulling reins: tpr-r-r-y. For each count, exhale with vibration.
12. "Duck"- Pull out the lips, squeeze them so that thumbs were under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.
13. "Kiss"- pull your cheeks inward, and then sharply open your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a "kiss" is heard.
14. "Focus"- Smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that its lateral edges are pressed, and there is a groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of the nose. At the same time, the air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.
Yulia Fesenko
Classes for the development of mobility of the articulatory apparatus. Exercises for the development of articulatory motor skills in children
Exercises for the development of articulatory motor skills in children.
Classes for the development of mobility of the articulatory apparatus and motor skills of the hands should be imitative.
Offer your child some "monkey". The adult will show the movements, and the child must repeat the movements after you.
Show how the wolf howls (pull lips forward and say uh-uh-uh sound) . The child should be taught to stretch his lips with a tube.
Teach your child to puff out his cheeks and sharply "tear" bow of lips.
Ask a child "to drink", like a kitten, quickly throwing out and retracting the tongue.
Click your tongue, click like horses (preparation for sound articulation -p-) .
Let's close - open the house.
To teach the child to close and open bare lips (preparatory sound articulation exercises, h, c, w, h, w).
To make it interesting to do all these exercises, can be converted classes into telling an entertaining story. You can use small poems.
We'll go to the forest
Let's get mushrooms.
Let's call dad out loud
Ay - ay - ay - ay.
Ay doo - doo - doo - doo - doo - doo - doo,
A raven sits on an oak tree.
Ay kachi - kachi - kachi,
Under the pillow kalachi.
Get up baby one more time. One more time.
Take a small step. Top, top, top, top.
Geese, geese ga-ga-ga. Do you want to drink? Yes Yes Yes.
Geese, geese! Here is the water. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha.
Chicks, chicks, chicks,
Vanya rides on a stick, and Dunya on a cart, cracks nuts.
Ku-ka-re-ku! I guard chickens.
Kud - kudakh, drifted in the bushes.
Our ducks in the morning, quack - quack - quack - quack.
Our geese by the pond, ha-ha-ha.
And the turkey in the middle of the yard, ball - ball - ball - ball.
Our chickens in the window, ko-ko-ko-ko.
And like Petya - a cockerel, in the early morning in the morning.
We will sing, ku-ka-ke-ku!
Yes, it is necessary develop in children voice-respiratory exercises.
Such exercises help children to preparatory stage to form his hissing and whistling sounds. There are many games for development of breathing. Here are some of them:
Blow on dandelion, cotton wool, fluff, small pieces of paper.
Pour a basin of water and teach the child to blow on small objects that can float in the basin (boats, fish, ducks).
Blowing soap bubbles.
Playing musical instruments.
Inflating balloons.
Along with games development breathing, it is necessary to teach the child to use the voice correctly and intonation:
Stretch out various vowel sounds, a - y - e - o - u - I, while unwinding the rope. At the same time, the rope can be long or short, depending on the rhythm of the speech exhalation in the child. With a long exhalation, the voice sounds long and the rope will turn out to be long. With a short one, the voice quickly breaks off, and it turns out to be short.
This game with a child can be continued in combination with vowel sounds. A game "Who Says More", ha - ha - ha - ha, kitty - kitty - kitty - kitty, du - du - du - du, mu - mu - mu - mu, etc.
Development in children imitative side goes well with visibility. Games such as "Who says what", the child not only learns to speak like animals, but also remembers them appearance, names, and in the future their variety (domestic or wild).repeating words and phrases after an adult, the child strengthens his articulation apparatus.
These classes are necessary for young children, which develop not only speech comprehension, but also pronunciation capabilities. Over time, your child will learn to pronounce correctly not only syllables, short words, but also complex, which include two or more syllables, and thus, you will help your children reproduce the syllabic structure of the word correctly, excluding shortening of words, omissions of sounds in words. If speech disorders do not improve before a certain age, then in such cases it is necessary to consult a speech therapist.
