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Today we list the main diseases of the scalp, names and symptoms, in total 27 possible causes of diseases of the scalp, but everything in order. Most scalp diseases result in hair loss of varying intensity or a specific type of skin rash. Many pathological conditions scalp are hereditary. Malnutrition or infection can also cause a painful skin condition. Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying cause of the problem.

Often, hair and scalp problems are not an independent disease, but only a symptom of some disease, the focus and cause of which is far from the head.

Scalp problems leading to hair problems

1. Hair loss.
   • A large amount of hair is combed out after you wash your hair. Strands in whole bunches remain in the hands if they are pulled.
   • Obvious thinning hair.
2. Baldness in men.
   • Hair loss occurs at the temples.
   • The bald head gradually recedes, forming a shape resembling the letter "M".
3. Alopecia Areata.
   • Hair loss occurs in spots that have delineated boundaries and a variety of shapes.
   • Dropout is observed in random, most different places on the head.
4. Ringworm (Tinea Capitis).
   • Itching spots on the head.
   • Scaly and red bald patches.
   • Sore scalp.
5. seborrheic eczema.
   • Scaly patches that are yellow or White color and peel off.
   • The affected areas may be red, itchy, and oily.
   • The prolapse may occur in the affected area with a rash.
6. Psoriasis manifests itself in different forms.
   
7. Head lice infestation.
   • The head louse is about the size of a sesame seed.
   • Itching of the head.
   • Head wounds from scratches and insect bites.
   • Feeling like something is crawling over your head.
8. Body lice infection.
   • These lice differ from head or pubic lice in larger sizes.
   • A rash caused by an allergic reaction to body lice bites can also spread to the head.
   • Red bumps on the skin.
   • Thickened or dark skin.
9. Hashimoto's disease.
   • It is caused by an underactive thyroid gland.
   • Thinning hair, feeling sluggish, tired and hoarse voice.
   • Constipation, high cholesterol, depression or muscle weakness in the lower extremities.
10. Hypothyroidism.
    • Symptoms gradually worsen as the disease progresses.
    • Brittle hair and nails, fatigue or weakness.
    • Hypersensitivity to cold, constipation, depression.
11. Addison's disease.
    • Rash on the skin.
    • Nausea, loss of appetite.
    • Periodic vomiting.
12. Hodgkin's disease.
    • Painless swelling of the lymph nodes.
    • Night sweats.
    • Constantly itchy skin.
    • Unexplained fever.
    • Fatigue.
    • Unexplained weight loss.
    • Persistent cough.


13. Insufficiency of the pituitary gland (hypothyroidism).
    • The pituitary gland secretes eight different hormones.
    • Symptoms depend on which hormone is synthesized in insufficient quantities.
    • Only after the doctor has performed all the necessary blood tests, it will be possible to find out which particular hormone is deficient.
14. Malnutrition.
    • Hair loss, pallor, fatigue or weakness.
    • Difficulty breathing, unusual eating habits, or periods of lightheadedness.
    • Constipation, drowsiness or palpitations.
15. Hyperthyroidism.
    • Fast heart rate, weight loss and heat intolerance.
    • Hair loss, itching, sleep problems, or irregular heartbeat.
    • Nausea and vomiting.
16. Skull fractures.
    • Bleeding from a wound or eyes, ears, and nose.
    • Pain, swelling, redness, or heat at the site of injury.
    • Headache, nausea or vomiting.
17. Leishmaniasis.
    • It is transmitted through the bite of an infected gerbil. Infected sand flies are typically found in tropical and subtropical climates.
    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis: painless skin sores, shortness of breath or runny nose, nosebleeds or difficulty breathing.
    • Visceral leishmaniasis: weight loss, weakness, enlarged spleen or liver.
18. Systemic lupus erythematosus.
    • Butterfly symmetrical rash on cheeks and nose.
    • Massaging hair loss.
    • Painful or swollen joints.
19. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
    • In the early stages, thickening of the skin is observed.
    • Narrow, shiny areas around the mouth, nose, and fingers.
    • As the condition progresses, limited movement develops in these areas.
20. Syphilis.
    • A small, painless pimple or sore that appears where the bacteria has entered the body.
    • Rash that does not itch on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
21. age-related arteritis.
    • It occurs in people over 60 years of age.
    • There are various visual disturbances, sudden permanent loss of vision in one eye or a drooping eyelid.
    • Fever, weight loss, or facial pain.
22. Ito syndrome (Incontinentia Pigementi Achromians).
    • Loss of pigmentation in various parts of the body.
    • Small lesions, white or colorless.
    • Blaschko lines (long, spiraling patterns around the arms and legs).
23. Bamboo hair (Tricorrhexis nodosa).
    
24. Celiac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy).
    • Children and adults have different symptoms.
    • In children: weight loss, vomiting, bloating or pain, persistent diarrhea.
    • In adults: pain in the bones and joints, fatigue, numbness and tingling in the arms and legs, wounds and ulcers in the mouth.
25. Kwashiorkor.
    • A form of malnutrition caused by not enough protein in the diet.
    • Change in skin and hair color (red-orange tint).
    • Fatigue, diarrhea, muscle loss or swelling.
26. Allergy.
    • Dark red rash on the body, including the head.
    • Redness and itching.
    • Dry and irritated eyes.

What is dandruff?

Separately, it is worth talking about dandruff, which annoys many people, both men and women, although this is not a disease of the scalp and hair. But dandruff can be annoying when white and highly visible flakes fall on dark clothes. But dandruff is just a buildup of loose, dead skin. The causes of dandruff can be varied, they are not fully understood, but it may be due to a fungus on the skin.

You can't get dandruff from someone else, and it's not dangerous, but it can be itchy and irritating. Dandruff does not cause any redness or itching so severe that it leaves scratches on the scalp that can become infected and inflamed.

There is no cure for dandruff, but flaky skin is fairly easy to control and treat. Washing curls is best with a medicated shampoo. You just need to leave it on your head for 5 minutes, then rinse. Also, before rinsing, you can hold one of the following drugs on your head for 5 minutes to choose from:

• Coal tar.
• Zinc pyrithione.
• Selenium sulfide.
• Ketoconazole (Nizoral AD) is available as a 1% OTC shampoo or 2% prescription drug.

You may need to apply two or three products to completely clear your head of dandruff. If it doesn't go away after a few weeks of shampooing, see your doctor. Dandruff can be a manifestation of the initial stage of seborrhea of ​​the head, and this condition requires serious treatment. What is seborrheic dermatitis, you can easily imagine if you remember the crusts on the head of babies. These crusts are also seborrhea, only infantile.

Ringworm

This is one of the few contagious diseases that affect the scalp. The causative agent is a microscopic fungus. The manifestations are encoded in the very name of the disease of the scalp - areas with fallen hair appear on it, as if cut off. The skin in these places is reddened and inflamed. People of all ages are affected, but most often - 3-7 year old children. This is partly because ringworm can be contracted from dogs and cats.

To kill the fungus, simple head treatments will not be enough. You will have to take the medicines prescribed by the dermatologist orally. Infection occurs only through close contact. Children who are being treated for ringworm are allowed to attend school, and cutting their hair is not required. It is only important not to use personal hygiene items that an infected person uses. First of all, these are combs and towels, bedding.

Brief Summary

Most hair diseases are treatable. The only exceptions are very rare cases when hair follicles are exposed to irreversible destructive effects. Also, most problems are personal and non-contagious, only rare fungal diseases, lice and some other problems are contagious. Therefore, the sooner you contact a trichologist, the faster and easier you can find out the cause and get rid of your problem.

About the author: Ekaterina Nosova

Certified specialist in the field of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Extensive experience, leading specialist in Moscow in the field of thread lifting, blepharoplasty and breast arthroplasty, has performed more than 11,000 operations. More about me in the Doctors-Authors section.

The reasons for the development of seborrhea include:

Causes of hyperkeratosis include:

• pathology internal organs;
• violation of the functionality of the liver;
• the presence of diabetes;
• thyroid disorder;
• blood pathology;
• diseases of the ichthyosis group.

The reasons for the development of pediculosis include:

• hyena non-compliance;
• use of common combs;
• visiting a bath or sauna where an infected person bathed.

Infection with microsporia occurs under the following conditions:

• contact with a sick person or animal;
• avitaminosis;
• unbalanced diet;
• decreased immunity;
• violation of sanitary standards;
• excessive sweating of the skin;
• damage to the skin of a mechanical nature;
• the presence of chronic pathologies;
• exposure to environmental conditions (humid and hot climate).

The trigger mechanism for trichophytosis is:

The causes of scab are:

• contact with an infected person or animal;
• use of contaminated items;
• malfunction of the immune system;
• lack of protein in the diet;
• vitamin deficiency.

Causes of eczema can be:

In the role of provocateurs, the appearance of dandruff are:

• improper hair care;
• frequent use of a hair dryer;
• abuse of cosmetics for hair;
• non-compliance with personal hygiene;
• failure in metabolic processes;
• pathology of the stomach;
• dysfunction of the pancreas;
• the presence of a fungus;
• genetic factor;
• features of the skin structure.

Causes of alopecia:

• cancers;
• thermal and chemical exposure;
• heredity;
• autoimmune diseases.

Causes of scleroderma include:

The causes of psoriasis include:

• genetic predisposition;
• violation of the immune system;
• stress;
• infectious diseases;
• HIV infection.

Descriptions of the causes of trichological diseases:

• metabolic and hormonal disorders;
• the habit of constantly scratching, touching the head;
• inadequate skin care;
• stress, depression;
• mental and physical fatigue;
• lack of a balanced diet;
• non-compliance with the rules of hygiene and sanitation;
• infections;
• use of unsuitable hygiene products;
• Unhealthy Lifestyle;
• abuse of cosmetic and hairdressing products: long-term perm, hair sprays, dyeing, etc.;
• bad ecology;
• tissue damage;
• violation of security measures in transport and public areas;
• wearing tight elastic bands, headbands, warm hats at a comfortable temperature.

Often, dermatological diseases of the scalp are provoked by a frivolous or negligent attitude to health, as well as a person’s failure to comply with safety measures when in contact with strangers. But how to treat the disease? The use of medications, lifestyle changes, helps to get rid of the problem, and in case of genetic causes or chronic diseases, it significantly alleviates the course of the disease.

Stages and degrees of skin diseases in the scalp

1. Seborrhea is a chronic dermatological disease. Pathology of the initial degree is characterized by damage to the skin folds, the appearance of rashes and peeling. There is also a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in regurgitation and loose stool.

2. In the second stage, the pathology spreads to the skin, creating a greasy crust.

Sometimes the disease provokes the development of:

1. The third stage of seborrhea rarely develops. The basis of the disease is a malfunction of the internal organs

Hyperkeratosis of the scalp develops gradually. However, without treatment, pathology can provoke baldness. At the first stage, the skin becomes dry and begins to peel off.

The second stage is characterized by hair loss. The third stage is characterized by compaction of the epidermis, on which outgrowths from keratinized cells develop. This process is irreversible, as the hair follicles die.

At the initial stage of pediculosis, itching of the scalp is noted. In advanced cases, lice bites provoke the development of crusts filled with pus, as well as sticking of strands of hair due to pus and a large accumulation of nits.

The rate of development of microsporia is very high. If in the initial stages itching and flaking of the scalp is noted, then in the later stages of the disease, patches are formed. round shape that have clear boundaries.

The superficial course of ringworm is characterized by the development of areas of peeling of the skin, brittle hair. The skin in this area becomes edematous, inflamed. The patient complains of constant itching. Broken hair looks like black dots.

In the initial stages of scab, redness of the scalp is noted. Small pustules develop. In the later stages of the disease, in the absence of therapy, yellowish crusts form in the form of shields that resemble honeycombs.

The crusts begin to merge and form extensive areas of damage. The skin under the crusts begins to atrophy, which provokes baldness. Curls lose shine and strength, hair begins to fall out. The rest of the hair looks like tow.

Eczema can occur along with seborrhea. At the initial stage, papules and spots are formed. With the development of the disease, dryness of the skin and brittle hair develop.

Genetic factor - the cause of early alopecia, sores of hair on the head, in men

1. Progressive phase. She notes:

• peeling;
• the appearance of plaques;
• bleeding;
• dandruff.

2. At the intermediate stationary stage, itching ceases to bother the patient. The plaques are horny. Reddening of the edges of the neoplasms becomes less pronounced.

Early symptoms of psoriasis can be treated with folk remedies!

3. In the regressing phase, peeling practically stops. Pigmentation may disappear. The patient's well-being becomes optimal.

Alopecia

Everyone knows that hair can fall out in different ways: you can collect strands from combs and pillows a couple of times a year, or you can lose them in shreds, from under which areas of the scalp will be exposed. The latter case in everyday life is called baldness, in medicine - alopecia.

This is intensely passing hair loss, which one way or another, but really leads to baldness - partial or complete. Such a pathology is associated either with age-related changes occurring in the body, or with serious internal diseases, without the treatment of which it is impossible to get rid of such a scourge.

Trichologists distinguish several types of the disease:

• diffuse alopecia- hair becomes rare and thin on the entire surface of the head;
• alopecia areata- areas of complete absence of hair are formed on the head;
• androgenetic alopecia- baldness, dictated by an increased level of male sex hormones in the blood;
• total alopecia- the complete absence of hair on the head, i.e. the person is bald.

These diseases of the scalp are most often affected by men and women in adulthood, although in case of serious illnesses, after undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, young people, still very young, suffer from alopecia.

Any kind of baldness is a very unpleasant cosmetic defect that can cause serious psychological trauma (especially for young girls and young women).

In order not to bring the matter to such a serious condition, at the first symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to seek professional help from trichologists, who will identify the cause of alopecia, determine the type of pathology, and prescribe treatment.

A common scalp disease is hair loss. It is more common in older men and women. Alopecia combines the names of dermatological diseases associated with hair loss.

Varieties of the disease:

• cicatricial;
• focal;
• diffuse;
• seborrheic;
• not cicatricial;
• androgenic.

The problem can be genetic, psychological, physiological. In most cases, the disease can be cured completely or stop the symptoms.

Symptoms of skin diseases in the scalp

Sores on the head in the hair, the causes of which can only be correctly determined by a dermatologist, have certain signs depending on the species.

In the fatty form, the following symptoms are noted:

The liquid form has the following features:

• loss of hair shine;
• greasiness of hair;
• gluing strands.

The dry form is accompanied by:

• skin irritation;
• peeling;
• fragility of hair;
• the appearance of dandruff;
• itching.

Typically, patients develop mixed type diseases.

With a mixed form, there is:

• oily skin in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle;
• pore pollution;
• dryness in the cheeks.

With hyperkeratosis, there are:

• the presence of small pimples and tubercles of dark red color;
• roughness on the scalp;
• hair fragility.

With pediculosis, there are:

• skin itching in the ears, temples and neck;
• the appearance of a rash in the form of red dots;
• swollen lymph nodes on the head;
• suppuration at the site of scratching.

Microsporia symptoms include:

With trichophytosis, the following symptoms are distinguished:

• hair loss and brittleness;
• the formation of red spots, which eventually become burgundy;
• black dots on the head;
• puffiness;
• discharge from spots of liquid with an admixture of pus;
• peeling of the skin.

When scab is noted:

• development of small pustules;
• redness of the scalp;
• loss of hair shine;
• hair thinning.

Eczema shows:

• rashes in the form of plaques of a round shape;
• burning;
• pain.

Symptoms of dandruff include:

Alopecia is characterized by hair loss.

Symptoms of scleroderma include:

• the presence of rounded foci of inflammation on the hairline;
• baldness;
• cessation of sweating;
• secretion of sebum.

Symptoms of psoriasis include:

• the presence of plaques of red or purple color;
• skin bleeding;
• peeling;
• dandruff;
• hair loss.

Oily seborrhea

It occurs due to disruption of the sebaceous glands, and, as a result, their pathologically high activity. With the disease, the risk of the disease is increased in adult men over 30 years of age.

The catalyst can be:

• infection with a type of yeast fungus,
• lack of vitamins
• prone to increased oiliness of the skin,
• the presence of endocrine diseases;
• malnutrition;
• prolonged or intense stress;
• metabolic disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• inadequate scalp care.

With a skin ailment, a greasy sheen is observed, giving the impression that the hair is dirty or wet. Also characterized by an increase in hair stiffness, a deterioration in their elasticity. After washing, the patient may notice a yellowish dandruff that has appeared, gluing the strands together.

Cause this disease the same factors as oily seborrhea. However, this disease has features:

• significant drying of the scalp;
• appearance a large number dandruff;
• feeling of intense itching.

Dandruff can be of different shades, the deterioration of the condition of the hair progresses. In some cases, the patient may exacerbate the situation by scratching the dry scalp until bleeding wounds or sores appear. Both types of seborrhea can be successfully treated.

Sometimes dandruff and seborrhea are called the same disease, using these words as synonyms. However, dandruff is just the cause of a more serious and rather severe scalp disease - seborrheic dermatitis.

This is a pathological disorder of the sebaceous glands of the head, which are located near the hair follicles and secrete subcutaneous fat, the functions of which are very important for the health of the scalp and appearance hair.

It protects curls from external aggressors in the form of ultraviolet radiation and low temperatures, moisturizes, and gives a natural shine. However, if the glands begin to produce too much of it or, conversely, very little, the consequences are the saddest.

Symptoms of this scalp disease may include:

• whole areas of greasy, shiny, glossy skin are formed on the head;
• hair quickly gets dirty, becomes greasy within a few hours after shampooing;
• there is a lot of dandruff;
• the scalp is inflamed and can not only itch, but hurt in the truest sense of the word;
• slight itching of the scalp gradually develops into a great desire to comb it to the blood;
• hair may begin to fall out.

The consequences of seborrhea do not bode well for the sick, because among them:

1. Difficult to treat and very painful pustular diseases of the scalp;
2. A scattering of acne vulgaris;
3. Constant physical discomfort in the form of itching of the scalp;
4. A cosmetic defect that no hair care products can remove

The treatment of this scalp disease is prescribed by a trichologist, based on the individual characteristics of the patient's body and the reasons that provoked the development and progression of seborrhea.

Complex therapy includes a hypoallergenic diet, a course of antimycotic treatment, physiotherapy procedures (darsonvalization, cryomassage). Such treatment is effective in relation to both types of seborrheic dermatitis - oily and dry.

Oily seborrhea is an ailment that occurs due to disruption of the functioning of the sebaceous glands and a pathological increase in their activity.

All the features of this disease are listed below:

1. At risk are men over 30 years of age. The causative agent is a specific type of yeast fungus, but a long-term experience of stressful situations, a tendency to increased oiliness of the skin, the presence of endocrine diseases, a lack of vitamins, impaired metabolism, poor heredity or absence of proper care behind the hair.
2. The main symptom is the presence of an unhealthy oily sheen, due to which the hairstyle always seems dirty or damp. Even after washing, there is a rapid formation of yellowish oily dandruff, which sticks together the strands. There is also a thick form of oily seborrhea, which is characterized by an increase in the rigidity of the hairline and a deterioration in its elasticity.
3. Antifungal shampoos are used for treatment, but this measure alone is not enough. It will be necessary to carry out diagnostics and find out the main causes of the appearance of this disease, which will prevent possible relapses.
4. Effective prevention is the observance of the rules and norms of personal hygiene, right choice means for washing the head, the rejection of bad habits and maintaining healthy lifestyle life, providing a balanced and complete diet, maintaining the immune system in good condition and preventive intake of vitamin complexes.

Dry seborrhea occurs for the same reasons as the oily variety, but this disease has its own individual characteristics:

1. The main symptom is a strong drying of the skin, which leads to peeling of the head and the appearance of a large amount of dandruff, its color can be different. Against the background of the formation of dandruff, severe itching gradually begins to be felt and a general deterioration in the condition of the hair is observed.
2. For the treatment of dry seborrhea, complex therapy is used, which will consist in the use of antifungal drugs and shampoos with a moisturizing effect to restore water balance. By decision of a specialist, physiotherapy procedures, including cryotherapy, mesotherapy or cryomassage, can be prescribed. In the most neglected and difficult situations, pharmacological preparations of the hormonal type are prescribed and medicines with high levels of zinc.
3. Preventive measures are exactly the same as for oily seborrhea.

Diagnosis of skin diseases in the scalp

Sores on the head in the hair, the causes of which depend on the type of disease, require careful diagnosis.

Diagnostics involves:

• collection of anamnesis;
• visual inspection;
• research of hair and blood in the laboratory.

Hardware diagnostics are also used. The scalp is examined with special devices equipped with a video camera with a microscope. The camera image is displayed on a computer monitor.

Computer diagnostics is able to display:

• change in the structure of the hair follicle;
• disruption of the sebaceous glands;
• the presence of hair loss,
• the presence of a skin disease.

Phototrichogram allows you to track the pathology in dynamics. Through this method, an accurate diagnosis can be established.

It allows you to evaluate:

Through the spectral analysis of the hairline, microelements are studied at the microscopic level, which makes it possible to detect an imbalance of microelements in the hair, to detect damage by poisons and chemicals.

The cost of an examination in Moscow ranges from 400 to 10,000 rubles, depending on the type of diagnostic procedure. In Samara, such a service will cost from 600 to 7000 rubles.

Psoriasis

The situation is much more complicated with psoriasis, since this disease, although it does not pose a threat to human life, often passes into a chronic phase and violates the aesthetic appearance.

All of its main features are discussed in more detail below:

1. There are various forms of psoriasis, but the main symptom is always noticeable patches covered with easily detached scales, which are usually grayish or white in color.
2. Factors that can provoke this disease are: an excessive increase in the load on the central nervous system; dietary disorders; previous injuries; frequent hypothermia; tendency to an allergic reaction and its exacerbation.
3. In the initial stages, psoriasis can be cured by treating the affected areas with various ointments, which include one of the following components: salicylic acid, zinc oxide or tar. In all other cases, experts prescribe the use of potent pharmacological drugs for oral administration. Drug therapy usually includes sedatives, corticosteroids, and vitamin complexes.

Factors that increase the risk of developing or relapsing psoriasis:

• genetic predisposition;
• malnutrition;
• frequent hypothermia;
• infection infectious diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• excessive stress on the central nervous system;
• neglect of personal hygiene;
• past injury or illness;
• decrease in immunity.

The causes of psoriasis have not been elucidated. It has been established that the risk of the disease increases to 25%, that one of the parents of a person is diagnosed with psoriasis. The indicator increases to 75%. In healthy parents, the risk of having a child with psoriasis is no more than 17%. It has also been proven, but not deeply studied, the relationship between the state of the central nervous system and the development of psoriasis, with the stabilization of the psychological state in patients, significant improvements are observed.

When to see a doctor

Sores on the head in the hair require competent advice from a specialist. Only a doctor can determine the cause of the pathology. If you have a problem with the scalp, you should contact a trichologist. The doctor will conduct appropriate studies and prescribe a treatment regimen.

You should contact a trichologist in the following cases:

An appeal to a trichologist is also necessary if inflammation is visually traced in the form of pads filled with pus. This indicates the pathology of the hair follicle.

Ringworm

One of the most common infectious diseases that significantly affects the hairline. The scalp is caused by a type of fungus. It has been found that people with vitamin A deficiency are more susceptible to the disease.

Causes of the disease:

• violation of the rules of personal hygiene;
• contact with a carrier of lichen: an animal or a person;
• use of contaminated personal hygiene items;
• serious damage to the skin;
• a significant decrease in immunity.

The incubation period lasts up to four days. Symptoms: the skin on the head is covered with red or pink spots in the form of rings, there is severe itching. The success of treatment depends largely on the patient and their lifestyle.

Ringworm is an infectious disease that affects the scalp and is caused by a specific type of fungus.

Symptoms, causes and ways to get rid of the disease are described below:

1. Infection most often occurs through direct contact with infected warm-blooded animals, people, or their personal hygiene items.
2. Factors that increase the risk of infection: a lack of vitamin A in the body, systematic contact with an infected person, poor personal hygiene, a poor immune system, and the presence of serious damage to the skin.
3. The incubation period is no more than 3-4 days, after which the main symptoms begin to be observed: the appearance of characteristic spots in the form of reddish or pinkish rings, while a feeling of itching is felt on the affected areas.
4. When the first signs of the disease appear, urgent action is necessary, otherwise the disease can become chronic. Therapy usually consists of oral antifungal agents, such as Lamisil, as well as topical treatment. A high degree of effectiveness is shown by sulfur-tar ointments, alcohol solutions of iodine and preparations containing salicylic acid. Often, additional treatment of affected hair, diet and intake of vitamin and mineral complexes are required, which can improve the state of immunity and the body's natural resistance.

Prevention of skin diseases in the scalp

Preventive measures include:

microsporia

Microsporia is another fungal disease, which simultaneously affects the skin and scalp, and in the most severe cases, also the nail plates.

All the features of the course and treatment of this disease are given below:

1. At risk are children aged 5-12 years, in adults, microsporia occurs only in rare cases. This is due to the high level of concentration of organic acids in the hair, which does not allow the fungus-causative agent to actively multiply.
2. Lesions from which lesions spread are most often located on the crown or temples. Their size is usually no more than 2-5 cm, and the borders have a clear outline of a rounded shape. The first symptom is peeling of the skin in the affected areas, but after a week, the fungus also affects the hair, which becomes too brittle and begins to crumble after numerous mechanical damage. Sometimes there are forms of microscopy in which puffiness and inflammatory processes purulent type, which causes soft blue-red nodes to appear on the head.
3. For the treatment of microsporia, a 5% tincture of iodine is usually used, as well as various ointments containing salicylic acid, tar or sulfur. Features of therapy depend on the form of the disease and the specifics of its course, often antibiotics are additionally prescribed for oral administration.

Another common dermatological ailment of the scalp. In advanced cases, nails are also affected. The disease most often affects children 5-12 years old. Adults almost usually do not suffer from microsporia due to physiological characteristics: high concentration of organic acids in the hairline, inhibiting the reproduction of the fungus.

In rare cases, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of edema and purulent inflammation, the appearance of blue-red nodules.

Treatment of diseases of the scalp

Depending on the type of disease affecting the scalp, different methods of treatment are used.

In fungal diseases, it is advisable to use special shampoos, the action of which is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of fungal activity and improving skin condition. The following antifungal agents can be noted:

• Shampoo Nizoral, the use of which can reduce pain and eliminate itching, as well as get rid of peeling;
• Dermazole, which can also be used to treat seborrheic dermatitis;
• Cynovit. Affects the skin and improves the functioning of the sebaceous glands. It is also used for various kinds of dermatitis.

Use antifungal agents in the same way as regular shampoos. Depending on the disease, as well as the type of shampoo chosen, the course of treatment can last from 3 days to 2 weeks.

In the presence of dermatological diseases of the scalp, it is necessary to consult with a trichologist, who will determine the correct course of treatment. Its duration, as well as the methods of therapy used, will depend on the reasons that led to the development of the disease.

After examination and diagnosis, the doctor will determine why the scalp gives you so many problems, and tell you how to proceed. Depending on the disease, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.

Any fungus of the scalp is treated primarily with systemic antifungal drugs. Despite their high efficiency, they are toxic, therefore they have many contraindications: oncological diseases, blood diseases, impaired metabolism, vascular pathology of the extremities.

Usually prescribed in such cases are Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Griseofulvin, various keratolic agents (both tablets and ointments), all kinds of local preparations (antifungal balms and shampoos). Treatment of fungal diseases of the scalp usually lasts more than one month. Sometimes antibiotics and hormone-containing drugs are even prescribed.

If one of the dermatitis has been diagnosed, the treatment of hair and scalp is complex and is aimed primarily at eliminating the symptoms of the disease. The patient is recommended to normalize the diet (there are more foods that contain a lot of zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B, C). Antifungal drugs are prescribed (Nizoral, Mycozoral, Sebozol, Nizorex).

With pediculosis, it will be enough to treat the scalp at home, involving external processing. In pharmacies today there is a fairly wide selection of drugs for the treatment of this disease. Use Permitrin, Para-plus, Spray-pax, Nittifor, Medifox, A-Par and other similar drugs.

With folliculitis, home treatment will no longer be limited. The specialist must open all the formed purulent pustules and remove pus from there. Ichthyol ointment is often used. In the most severe cases, antibiotic therapy and complex treatment with supportive immunotherapy are used.

If you have been diagnosed with similar diseases of the scalp, when contacting specialists, a properly selected course of treatment will allow you to get rid of them in the shortest possible time. To avoid all these troubles and not be poisoned by medications, you need to be able to properly care for the scalp.

Pathologies bring discomfort to the patient, psychological problems provoke the development of complexes. At an early stage, it is possible to cure pathologies. Late stages take a protracted chronic character.

Therapy of the scalp is carried out by means of medications, vitamin complexes, hormone-based preparations. Also apply folk remedies and physiotherapy procedures.

favus

An ailment of a fungal nature, its more familiar name is "scab". Symptoms: dry and hard crusts on the scalp, thick at the edges, but sinking towards the center. The middle of the lesion may be covered thin hair. Accompanied by itching and bad smell in the affected area. The crusts are difficult to separate, the skin is injured, bleeding begins. With a favus, the hair becomes dull, thinner, brittle and easily separated from the skin (for example, when combing).

Transfer methods:

• through contact with a sick animal or person;
• when using infected items.

The risk group includes people with reduced immunity, an unfavorable lifestyle, volunteers, as well as animal breeders. The doctor can determine how to treat scab, after taking the analysis and acute.

Eczema

Eczema has many different forms, the scalp usually affects the seborrheic variety.

This disease has many forms, but it is the scalp that most often suffers from the seborrheic variety. Description: the appearance of yellowish plaques different sizes, hair loss. Gradually, the plaques dry out, become covered with a crust and begin to peel off.

Factors that provoke or aggravate the disease:

Skin diseases in this case can be chronic and aggravated by stress, contact with caustic substances, and also be a reaction to a new hygiene product.

Pediculosis

Most often, lice are localized in the scalp in humans. However, they can spread to the groin, live in clothing, or travel throughout the body. Often the disease is not noticed, attributing the appearance of bites to mosquitoes. Symptoms: tactile sensations (someone crawling on the body), hair moving, itchy red and swollen bites.

With a neglected case of pediculosis or with the characteristics of the patient's body, the lymph nodes may increase, deep scratches appear, threatening infectious diseases.

All the features of the course of pediculosis and treatment for it are discussed below:

This is a purulent infectious lesion of the skin, the head and other parts of the human body suffer. It can be provoked by bacteria or a fungus, in order to prescribe adequate treatment, it is necessary to establish the nature of folliculitis. The risk group includes people living in hot climates or unsanitary conditions. The lesion affects the area near the hair follicle, then a purulent pustule is formed.

Skin diseases, for the most part, indicate a violation in the work of the whole organism. Therefore, it is extremely important to apply for medical care for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Folliculitis is a purulent lesion of the skin, which can affect not only the head, but also other parts of the body.

The features of this disease are discussed below:

1. At risk are people living in countries with a hot climate or unsanitary conditions.
2. The lesions are located near the hair follicles, a pustule is formed with pus inside. After opening, a small sore remains, which is soon covered with a crust, consisting of a mixture of blood and pus. It usually takes about a week for complete convergence, after peeling off the crust, a scar may remain in its place.
3. Treatment is prescribed depending on the form and causes of folliculitis. With a bacterial lesion, antibiotics are prescribed, with a herpetic disease, acyclovir must be prescribed, and with a fungal type, special antifungal drugs are prescribed. In more complex cases, potent drugs are prescribed, but at the initial stage it is enough to treat the affected areas with green or fucarcin.

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1. Weak protective functions of the body.
2. Stress, constant fatigue, mental disorders.
3. Metabolism disorder.
4. Failure to comply with hygiene rules.
5. The presence of an infection in the body.
6. Improper nutrition, in which the body does not receive all the necessary elements.
7. Using hair care products that are not suitable for the type of curls and skin.
8. Fungal infections on the scalp.
9. Leading an unhealthy lifestyle.
10. Allergic reactions.
11. Genetics.
12. Bad ecology.
13. Frequent recourse to chemical procedures (coloring, curling).
14. Damage to the scalp.
15. Use of tight or metallic hair accessories.

Diseases of the scalp: names, descriptions and photos

Dermatological

Eczema

• Reasons for appearance. Despite the fact that this disease has been known to mankind for several centuries, the specific causes of its occurrence have not yet been found. But there are a number of factors that can contribute to the appearance and progression of seborrheic eczema. We list them:
  • prolonged contact with irritating or aggressive substances, it can be any detergent or hair dye);
  • intolerance to any food;
  • long-term infection of the skin.
• Localization. If we talk about the localization of eczema, then it is seborrheic that is most often found on the scalp, as well as on the face and in the area between the shoulder blades.
• Manifestation and symptoms. Yellow nodules with a slightly pink tint appear on the skin. These nodules are very oily and scaly to the touch. Subsequently, they can turn into one large focus of inflammation. Rarely is the process accompanied.
• Treatment. If the problem is noticed at an early stage, it can be solved with the help of shampoos, which include zinc pyrithione, Naftalan, sulfur, tar, selenium. It is also necessary to remove scales. But only those that easily move away from the skin. Do not forget to constantly moisturize the scalp. In case of complications, consult a doctor.

seborrhea

• Causes. main reason The appearance of this disease is the malfunction of the sebaceous glands. At the same time, they do not produce enough elements that can protect the skin from drying out.
• Localization. can appear on the scalp, face, chin, chest.
• Manifestations and symptoms. The epithelium becomes rougher at the site of inflammation. The skin begins to become inflamed and itchy. When too active work sebaceous glands scales appear in this place yellow color. And in those places where the sebaceous glands do not work enough, the epidermis begins.
• Treatment. Normalize your diet. Stop drinking alcohol and nicotine. Monitor the hygiene of the skin, In no case do not get rid of acne on your own and. If all of the above does not help, go to the doctor, or read, in it we will talk about seborrheic dermatitis and methods of its treatment.

You can learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of seborrhea from the video:

acne

In simple terms, this is a skin rash in the form of acne or blackheads, which manifests itself in 80% of cases in young people aged 12 to 25 years.

• Causes. There can be a lot of them:

1. overuse cosmetics(powders, shadows, tonal creams, up to tanning oil);
2. skin contact with substances containing oils, greases or tar;
3. prolonged friction of the epidermis on the tissue;
4. increased sweating;
5. taking steroids;
6. self-removal of acne;
7. excessive cleanliness, in which even the smallest microbes will cause inflammation;
8. hormonal changes;
9. deviations in the work of the ovaries;
10. chronic diseases.

• Localization. Acne can appear anywhere on the body, but is most commonly seen on the face, lower back, neck, and chest.
• Symptoms and manifestations. Pustules appear on the surface of the dermis in the form of tubercles bright red with a purulent tip. Most often, acne, after disappearance, leaves scars in the form of dimples on the skin, which cannot be removed.
• Treatment. There may be several options here:
  • the use of ointments and creams against acne;
  • taking antibiotics that will fight the infection from the inside;
  • an appeal to a doctor who will prescribe a complex treatment.

Cancer

A malignant tumor disease of the skin that occurs as a result of atypical transformation of its cells and is characterized by significant polymorphism.

• Causes:
  • frequent exposure to ultraviolet rays;
  • the result of prolonged exposure to chemicals;
  • permanent injuries that capture the area of ​​scars or moles;
  • heredity;
  • transformation of other skin diseases.
• Localization. It can spread to all parts of the body. Manifestation and symptoms.
  • The appearance of a dark patch of skin that increases over time.
  • A small wound that secretes an ichor for a long time or just a liquid.
  • Thickening and lifting of a small area of ​​skin.
  • Itching, redness.
• Treatment. You need to see a doctor immediately. Usually, if the lesion is small (up to two centimeters), it is removed surgically. In the worst case, it comes to chemotherapy.

Infectious diseases of the scalp

Trichophytosis

The causes of trichophytosis are often contact with infected people, less often with animals. Lichen can be localized on any open areas of the skin. Symptoms of the appearance of trichophytosis are as follows:

• the formation of areas of peeling on the skin;
• breaking off the hair (at the same time, a gray coating remains on the broken curl);
• the affected area begins to itch, blush;
• the patient feels general malaise, weakness;
• a rash appears;
• the color of the nails changes;
• on reddened areas, the appearance of a crust and bubbles can often be observed.

REFERENCE! For the treatment of trichophytosis, ointments based on miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, as well as tincture of iodine 2-5%, sulfuric ointment 10-20%, sulfur-salicylic ointment, sulfur-tar ointment are well suited.

A detailed description of the symptoms of trichophytosis in this video:

microsporia

The causes of damage are the same as in the previous infection: contact with an infected person or animal. At the same time, the symptoms of a skin disease are also very similar to trichophotia.

But under microscopy, the color of the nails does not change, and the person does not feel any discomfort. It is better not to start treatment without consulting a doctor. Ideally, laboratory studies should be carried out.
Videos from detailed description symptoms of the disease and methods of diagnosis:

Trichophoria

Inflammation of the scalp, accompanied by severe itching and redness. At the same time, the hair begins to fall out excessively, and a black dot appears at the site of hair growth. The fungus is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor depending on the degree of inflammation and the course of the disease.

Pediculosis

The doctor immediately diagnoses this disease and prescribes treatment with drugs available for purchase at any pharmacy.

Video about pediculosis:

Folliculitis

At an early stage of this disease of the scalp, small bumps of a red tint, the so-called follicles, appear. If timely measures are not taken to treat this infection, these follicles can turn into huge wounds that will be extremely difficult to heal, in addition, this disease can develop into. Treatment is carried out with antiseptic agents, local and systemic use of antibiotics, antimycotics, acyclovir, antiviral drugs.

Impetigo

A disease caused by staphylococci or streptococci. Bacteria enter the body through wounds, making them even bigger. Then there are crusted blisters of yellow color, which constantly ooze. If they are torn off, the blisters will spread even further throughout the body. In 99% of cases, antibiotics and an antiseptic help to fight ampetigo.

Furunculosis

Purulent inflammation of an acute nature, caused by the appearance of a boil. It occurs when bacteria enter the hair follicle. The epidermis “swells up”, turns red, fills with pus, swells. It is painful to touch the formed boil. Treatment of furunculosis is prescribed by a doctor, based on the nature and stage of the disease.

Autoimmune

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic disease of the scalp and hair. Therefore, it is impossible to cure it, you can only reduce its manifestations by using special ointments, creams, shampoos and soaps. Sometimes patients resort to the help of physiotherapy procedures. Psoriasis is characterized by a rash consisting of papules covered with loose, easily removable silvery scales. There are many reasons for the appearance of this disease, but experts cannot come to a single decision.

scleroderma

At the beginning of the course of the disease, the epidermis swells, but soon becomes more dense. And now, after a short time, it cannot be separated from other tissues, pulled into folds. Appearing on the scalp, scleroderma often causes baldness.

Doctors name many reasons:

1. hypothermia;
2. injury;
3. infection;
4. vaccination;
5. heredity.

IMPORTANT! In this case, treatment is necessary for a long time and under the constant supervision of a doctor.

lupus erythematosus

The causes of the appearance are unknown, but usually experts “sin” for malfunctions in the immune system. It appears as pink spots on the skin, which thicken over time, begin to peel off. And after healing, scars are left. Lupus erythematosus can cause hair loss. It is necessary to treat the disease only after a doctor's prescription.

Other

• Ingrown hair- with this disease, the hair does not come out, but bends and grows in the skin under the stratum corneum. In such areas, small nodules form, which cause itching, often unbearable.
• Hypertrichosis (or hairiness)- excessive hair growth, unusual for this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dermis, not corresponding to sex and age.
• hirsutism- excessive hair growth in women. Usually signs of hirsutism are the appearance of mustaches and beards in women.
• hypotrichosis- a whole complex of diseases that lead to one final - partial or complete baldness. Ctrl + Enter .

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Diseases of the scalp and hair- not uncommon in the modern world, everyone can face this problem. There are many reasons why hair and scalp suffer.

There are quite a few diseases that affect various parts of the body, the scalp is no exception. The most common scalp diseases are as follows (provided short descriptions the most common scalp diseases):

Infectious diseases

Such diseases of the scalp most often occur due to insufficient hygiene of the skin in this area or are transmitted from an infected person.

Autoimmune diseases

• Psoriasis - a chronic relapsing disease, which is characterized by a rash consisting of papules covered with loose, easily removable silvery scales. The disease proceeds, as a rule, cyclically, then subsiding, then flaring up again. Since this is a chronic disease, it cannot be completely cured, but it is possible to significantly alleviate the patient's condition by reducing clinical manifestations. For this, there are various ointments, creams, shampoos and even soaps. Local preparations are used (glucocorticosteroid preparations, preparations containing vitamin D, tar, zinc) and systemic treatment preparations (corticosteroids, cytostatics, immunomodulators, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Procedures can also be carried out - ultraviolet treatment and various other physiotherapy procedures.
• scleroderma - a progressive systemic disease, which is based on an inflammatory lesion of small vessels of the whole organism, with subsequent fibro-sclerotic changes in the skin, musculoskeletal system and internal organs. Initially, the skin becomes edematous, but quickly begins to thicken and gradually acquires greater density. The skin is tense, it cannot be gathered into folds and separated from the underlying tissues. The exact causes of the disease are unknown. It can be provoked by cooling, trauma, infection, vaccination, etc., and genetic factors also play a role. May cause baldness if located on the scalp. This disease needs long-term complex treatment under the supervision of a specialist doctor, it is prescribed individually, depending on the form and course of the disease, the nature and extent of the lesions. It also requires constant medical supervision and regular examinations for early detection of signs of disease progression and possible correction of therapy.

• lupus erythematosus - a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the skin, which manifests itself as sharply defined, rounded pink or pale red spots, the surface of which is thickened, flakes off and subsequently heals as a scar without prior ulceration. It most often affects the skin of the face, less often - the auricles and scalp, which leads to persistent hair loss. The causes of this disease are still unclear. As a result of some failures in the work of the immune system, it begins to perceive its own cells of the body as foreign and seeks to destroy them. For this purpose, special antibodies are produced, the activity of which leads to severe pathologies of internal organs. Immediate comprehensive treatment under the supervision of experienced medical specialists is necessary.

Other diseases of the scalp (diseases of the hair)

• Ingrown hair - a disease in which hair (usually in places subjected to depilation or constant friction) does not come out with its free ends, but, bending, enters back into the skin or grows parallel to its surface under the stratum corneum. Small nodules form in these places, causing itching, often unbearable, soreness. Sometimes small pustules and papules form. The lesions in this disease most often capture the area of ​​​​the beard and neck, most often develop in men - if the beard is not shaven, the hair begins to grow. Laser hair removal and photoepilation eliminate the appearance of ingrown hairs.
• Hypertrichosis (or hairiness) - excessive hair growth, unusual for this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin, not corresponding to sex and age. It can be general and limited, congenital and acquired. Hypertrichosis is observed in both sexes in different age categories. Diagnosis of hypertrichosis involves a comprehensive dermatological and hormonal examination of the patient. Treatment depends on the etiology of hypertrichosis.
• hirsutism - excessive male pattern hair growth in women, which is manifested by the appearance of mustaches and beards, excessive hair growth on the trunk and limbs, mainly associated with an increase in the concentration of androgens (male hormones) in the blood. Treatment of the disease is based on hormonal changes and cosmetic procedures long term hair removal laser hair removal and photoepilation, selected depending on the type, color of hair and skin of the patient.
• Hypotrichosis - the general name for a number of disorders that manifest themselves in the same way - baldness (alopecia), or thinning of hair throughout the body or in certain areas of it. Hypotrichosis can be hereditary (genetic), post-shock, post-infectious, senile; and also distinguish between hypotrichosis after an illness and early baldness. Depending on the type of hypotrichosis, the prospects for recovery are different. Hereditary hypotrichosis is practically incurable.

All of these diseases are only a part of the numerous list of diseases of the hair and scalp, only a specialist (dermatologist) after a visual examination and on the basis of appropriate tests can make a correct diagnosis. It is not recommended to independently establish a diagnosis, and even more so independently treat the scalp, as this may not only not help, but also aggravate the situation, as well as distort the clinic of the disease, which means it will make it difficult for the doctor to diagnose and prescribe the necessary treatment.