The reason why we spend so much time and money at the hairdresser is because of the complete care, all kinds of products and professional hair styling tools. Any woman wants her hairstyle to look well-groomed and perfect every day, and not just after visiting the salon. What hair styling tools do hairdressers use? What to use at home to achieve similar results?

Varieties of tools

There are many professional hair styling devices: hair dryers, straighteners, stylers, all kinds of combs and brushes. All these tools help curls look beautiful and well-groomed. With their help, you can create any styling: from smooth strands to soft waves. Let's consider some of them.

Hair drying

A hair dryer is essential to dry your hair after shampooing. Unlike budget options? professional models have a balanced design and many functions. They are designed for heavy loads.

Due to the high power, professional hair dryers are quite large and make a lot of noise during operation. Drying time depends on the power: the higher it is, the faster your hair will dry. Many professional hair dryers for hairdressers are equipped with an air ionization function. Thanks to her curls are protected from overdrying and dehydration. Under the influence of ions, the moisture on the hair turns into tiny droplets and is absorbed. This makes the hair dry faster. Such devices not only dry, but also weaken the harmful effects of hot air.

Styling

There is also another variety - a professional styler. This device differs from a conventional hair dryer in the presence of a special round brush. Typically, stylers are not used to dry hair. Using a round brush and hot air, you can create curls and create volume at the roots on moistened strands. In some models, the brush can rotate automatically, which greatly facilitates and speeds up styling.

Hair straightening

A hair straightener is a special small iron (tongs) with two plates. Wide plates are great for long hair as they cover more surface at once. They hold hair firmly without snagging or breaking it while straightening and creating smooth strands.

There are several types of hair straighteners:

• with ceramic coating;
• with titanium plates;
• with tourmaline.

Ceramic plates not only straighten, they seal the hair cuticle. Tourmaline spraying provides fast, high-quality and gentle leveling. Titanium-coated rectifiers provide perfectly even heating of the plates.

Some irons are equipped with an ionization function, due to which an antistatic effect is achieved. Also in professional rectifiers there is protection against overheating. Thanks to it, the temperature is automatically regulated, so the hair does not overheat.

hair waving

You can create curls on your hair using various devices. These can be ordinary round curling irons, stylers, a professional triple curling iron, corrugation and even a straightening iron. Each of these devices differs in the method of curling the strands, as well as in shape and appearance.

With the help of a round curling iron, you can create curls by winding the strands around the plates. Various stylers allow not only to form curls of different diameters, but also to create a basal volume. The hair straightener can also be used to curl your hair. It is necessary to take a strand, make one turn around the plate. Then you should stretch the hair to the end without opening the tongs. Thus, you will get beautiful Hollywood curls. A nozzle for creating corrugated strands or additional volume at the roots is often offered complete with hair straighteners. For the corrugation effect, you need to take a strand, hold it with tongs in the right place and release it after a few seconds.

Professional triple curling iron is a multifunctional device for curling curls. Wavy tongs are arranged as follows. The tool has three working surfaces, between which a strand of hair is clamped. This technology allows you to create beautiful and even curves in a matter of minutes, without wringing your hair and giving it the perfect shape. Professional hair styling devices are made with a special protective coating. Thus, a gentle effect on the strands during styling is carried out. Negatively charged ions protect hair from heat damage.

Technique for curling strands using a triple curling iron:

1. A heat protectant must be applied before using a professional hair styler.
2. Then you need to set the desired temperature.
3. Separate the strand, clamp between the tongs. And, after waiting a few seconds, stretch along the entire length of the hair. Beautiful, romantic and delicate curls are ready.

Each of us, whether he is a worker in the field of stylistics or an ordinary person, has come across the purchase of styling tools. At this point, many questions often arise. How to choose one or another device? Which company should be preferred?

When using professional hair styling tools, it is recommended to protect the strands from heat damage. To do this, you must first apply special thermal protective agents. For example, sprays, oils, lotions or serums.

If you constantly straighten your hair or style it with a styler, you should take care of it properly. It is recommended to periodically give the strands a rest, do not use hot styling products. Also, from time to time, you should do various cosmetic procedures for hair, using restorative masks, fortified complexes.

When creating hairstyles modern women they also use the help of home “hairdressers”: hair dryers, stylers, curling irons, electric curlers. Consider specifications and features of these devices.

Principle of operation

Appearance of the device - a pipe with the handle for convenience. Built-in fan and electric heater. Air is sucked in by the fan and passes through the heating element.

The entrance cutout is closed with a grill to prevent hair and other small objects from entering. Some models are equipped with a filter that prevents the accumulation of dust.

Hair dryers are distinguished by simple operation and intuitively understandable regulation of thermal conditions.

The straightener removes excess cortex - the layer that is responsible for the waviness of the hair. With increased humidity, the connection is activated, curls appear. The purpose of the rectifier is to eliminate excess moisture.

Curls are placed between two plates: under the influence of high temperature, the water evaporates, and the hair is leveled.

The principle of operation of the curling iron

At the base is a heating element in the form of a cylindrical rod with a pinch. The curl is wound onto the surface of the curling iron, fixed and heated for a while. Automatic curling irons greatly facilitate the process of curling.

The appearance of the product is different, it is revealed according to the styler principle. The device is placed at the beginning of the curl, snaps into place, and the rest of the strand itself is drawn inward. The result is beautiful smooth curls.

Such curlers are covered with a heating element and packed in a special case. For heating, a special stand or container connected to the network is used.

Curlers heat up from two minutes to half an hour, after which they can be used as usual. The heat-resistant edges of the products allow you to take them in your hands without burns.

Types of hair styling appliances

Designed to dry hair and add volume. The hair dryer is equipped with nozzles, combs, brushes for shaping different effects. Styling is done with hot, warm or cold air.

The principle of operation is simple - the strand rises up and is blown with a hairdryer. Speed ​​and temperature are regulated by mechanical or manual control.

Types of hair dryers:

• tourist (small foldable device);
• hair dryer brush;
• hair dryer.

There are several types of pads:

• Hair dryer replacement. The package includes a special comb-brush, which gives the hairstyle shape. Such a product performs two additional tasks - laying and drying.
• Curling product. Traditional device for the manufacture of curls, curls.
• Rectifier. Such curling irons are equipped with a corrugated plate to create beautiful patterns.

Professional and home appliances for hair straightening. In a good product, the temperature is regulated, and the coating consists of ceramic or tourmaline.

Thanks to this composition the iron glides over the curls without harming them. Many devices are equipped with an ionization function.

Electric curlers help create a beautiful perm for a short time. Their action is reminiscent of thermal curlers, but much more convenient and easier: take it out of the box, wind the strands, snap the curlers. A great option is ionic air conditioning.

• Turbo mode. Ensures the fastest drying of wet hair. The temperature does not increase, the effect is achieved by increasing the speed of air movement. But do not forget that turbo mode puts an excessive load on the device.

Therefore, it is better to specify the duration of operation for the safe operation of the device.

• Auto-rotate brush. This option will automatically rotate the nozzle. Advantages of use - the need to deploy the device disappears, just turn the nozzle.

Be careful when drying long strands so they don't get tangled up as you turn the nozzle.

• Cold air. Hair is dried without harmful high-temperature processing, in an almost natural way. True, the process is not as fast as with hot styling.

With a combination of warm and cold air, spectacular styling is created.

• Steam humidifier. Some products are equipped with a special container with liquid - a hot steam supply device. As a filler, ordinary water or styling agent is used.

Steam facilitates the process of shaping the hairstyle, making the hair obedient. But do not forget that high temperature adversely affects the hair. Therefore, it is not recommended to use this function too often.

• Ionization. This function preserves shine, makes hair manageable and silky, reduces electrification. The hairstyle remains attractive and neat for a long time.

Hair Styling Attachments

• concentrator. A straightener is included with every hair dryer. It looks like a cylinder flattened towards the end. The interior is hollow. With this nozzle, the air is directed in the right direction.
• Diffuser. Nozzle with "fingers" that diffuses the air flow. It is intended for sensitive hair, as it limits damage.

Reduces damage from hot air, allows you to lift the hair during drying. Some diffusers are designed in such a way that they massage the head.

• corrugation. Nozzle for the formation of zigzag curls. A small strand is placed in two plates, clamped, held for a while. The effect is created due to the corrugated surface, the width of the plate can be any.

Corrugation nozzles are selected according to hair types. This technique is used for thin, liquid curls.

The outer coating of tongs, stylers, curling irons, electric curlers is processed with various materials.

• Steel. Chrome plated - the most common because of the cheapness. It heats up quickly and cools down for a long time, thanks to which the hairstyle is created in a short time. With constant use, the structure of the hair is damaged.

Use with caution, frequent use is not recommended.

• Aluminum. This material has good heat distribution and long service life.
• Titanium. The metal heater is similar in technical properties to aluminum, but differs in appearance. The cover heats up and cools down quickly. The device is safe.

The hairstyle is strong. The material is expensive, so most often manufacturers combine it with ceramics.

• Ceramics. The advantage of this material is considered to be uniform thermal conductivity compared to metal. It is a natural substance, environmentally safe. Heats up slowly without emitting harmful elements.

This coating spares the hair, causing minimal damage.

• Tourmaline. This type of plates is found in professional devices. The heating rate is the fastest. The composition of the coating includes crystals. They produce negative ions that keep the water balance of the hair.

There is an opinion that the more powerful the device, the better. But it's not. Power is selected according to the purpose of the hair dryer. For domestic use, 1200 - 1600 watts is enough, and for professionals, models with a power of 2100 watts or more are suitable.

The power parameter depends on the structure of the hair. A 1000-watt device can easily handle short ones, but products from 1600 watts are better suited for long and thick ones.

For irons, flat irons, tongs, the intensity of heating of the clamps or plates is determined. The power of electric curlers starts from 35 watts (household) and ends with 400 watts (professional).

Advantages

• comfortable use;
• affordable price;
• high speed of wave formation;
• during installation, you can do other things;
• safety of use;
• suitable for all types of hair.

• modern materials are harmless;
• fast beautiful curls;
• ease of use of automatic curling;
• overdrying is excluded;
• many functions, nozzles;
• precise temperature control.

• instant drying will help out in any rush;
• ease of use - handles, switches;
• light weight, long cord does not restrict movement;
• temperature control.

• ease of use for any length of strands;
• styling unruly hair;
• fast creation of a direct effect in a limited time;
• space saving, fits in any bag;
• some models are equipped with ionization;
• minimal harm due to less power;
• additional fittings.

Flaws

• Even expensive products with a protective coating weaken and thin the hair structure. The situation is aggravated if you use . Therefore, it is not recommended to use electric curlers daily.
• The ends split and delaminate, the hair becomes brittle and dull.

• Frequent use damages hair.
• Automatic curling iron is expensive.

• Hot air damages the hair structure.
• Hair loss, split ends, lack of volume.

• Not recommended for use on wet hair.
• Long and heavy curls do not gain volume. You need to additionally lift the roots with a hairdryer.
• The styler needs regular cleaning, otherwise the hair in the brush gets tangled, the device may burn out.

How to choose hair styling products

It is desirable to have an indicator and a liquid crystal screen - such devices are conveniently regulated, temperature, heating rate and other functions are controlled. But the presence of these options increases the cost of the product.

Important parameters:

• plate heating rate. Various appliances reach the maximum temperature in 10-30 seconds. If you do your hair in a limited amount of time, then pay attention to this parameter.
• Wet hair straightening function. Some professional line models do this without damaging the structure.
• Auto power off. The advantages of this parameter are avoiding overheating of the device, preventing burns.
• Product class. There are household and professional devices. The latter are equipped with a variety of functions, fine-tuning the temperature regime.

• Temperature controller. The indicators are adjusted depending on the type of hair. The constant use of the maximum temperature negatively affects the condition of the curls.
• Plate shape. Rounded ends make it possible to form curls in different directions. A ceramic plate with corrugated nozzles is best suited.

Which is better

The best hair dryers

A good hair dryer has the following characteristics:

• compact but durable;
• made of high quality plastic;
• equipped with several nozzles;
• adjustable temperature and flow rate;
• there is an ionization function.

The best hair straightener

good rectifier equipped with:

• temperature controller;
• safe coating (tourmaline, ceramics);
• ionization effect;
• set of nozzles, combs.

Which curling iron is better

Important parameters:

• temperature control;
• average diameter;
• removable nozzles;
• safe cover.

The best electric curlers

The presence of these functions will make the product of high quality and useful:

• Temperature controller.
• Ionization is important for lovers of creation complex hairstyles on high temperature.
• Overheating protection to preserve the quality of the device.
• Thermally insulated edges.

Exploitation

1. Curling is done exclusively on dry hair, otherwise they will dry out or burn.
2. Divide the curls into thin strands, then the effect lasts longer.
3. To form persistent curls, use a fixative.
4. Apply a protective agent before using curlers.
5. Electric curlers are great for obedient hair, otherwise it is better to use a curling iron.

1. Wash thoroughly and dry your hair.
2. Use a fixative (mousse, foam).
3. The thinner you take the strand, the steeper it will be.
4. It is more convenient to form a hairstyle from the back of the head, so the curls do not get tangled.
5. Take the curl from the end, wind evenly on the curling iron.
6. Hold for an average of 15 seconds, but each model requires its own time.
7. Release the curl. Combing should be done after the curls have cooled. For long-term preservation of the effect, the hair must be sprinkled with varnish.

1. Be sure to use protective equipment.
2. Do not work with wet curls.
3. Apply no more than twice a week.
4. Follow the instructions, do not keep the device in one place for a long time.
5. Do not turn on, if possible, at a high temperature.

1. Do not dry your hair immediately after washing, wait 10 minutes by wrapping.
2. Choose the right temperature. To do this, direct the air to your hand - it should be comfortable.
3. Keep the product at a distance of 30-40 cm from the head.
4. Use thermal protection.
5. Choose the right direction for the growth of the strands.
6. Start drying from the roots, they take longer to dry.
7. Do not use the product for a long time without stopping.

• Before manipulation, be sure to turn off the device.
• Let the product cool down completely.
• Wipe the housing with a damp sponge.
• Abrasives must not be used.
• Removable nozzles can be washed under running water.

• Before using the device, check the integrity of the wires.
• Protect the product from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Unplug the device when cleaning.
• Do not use damaged equipment.
• Protect the product from mechanical damage.
• When unplugging the cord from the outlet, hold on to the plug.
• Do not allow children to play with the product.
• Do not disassemble the device yourself.
• Do not allow any particles to enter the air intake openings.
• It is forbidden to touch the heating elements during the process.

What you need to know:

• You can return money for low-quality goods if you have a passport and a check.
• Returns are limited by the warranty period.
• Most often, a guarantee is given from one to three years.

You have 14 days from the date of purchase to return a serviceable product that did not fit the specifications. An important condition is the absence of traces of operation, the presence of factory seals, tags and labels. The exchange of goods takes place with the consent of the seller.

Faults

• The smell of burning. There may be a slight odor when using the appliance for the first time. If it remains, contact the service center for help.
• Careless handling. A common cause of failure is the closure of the air collector, while the device burns out. If the holes are clogged, open the rear section of the housing, remove the filter, carefully remove the dust with a brush.
• Damaged wire. If you find a broken cord, stop using the product. The wire can be shortened or replaced with a new one.
• Does not heat up. If the device is cold, check that the settings are correct. look around appearance. If it's about connecting the heating element, you need to solder it. But if everything is intact, then the plate needs to be replaced.

• Faulty thermostat. If the location of this part allows you to change it, then the cost will be low. Some manufacturers include a thermostat in the heating element, then replacement will be more expensive.
• Does not turn on. Inspect the integrity of the product plug and wires.
• Electric motor breakdown. Such a malfunction is replaced only by a service center employee, but the repair cost is high.

Hair Styling Manufacturers

Popular company for the production of irons. The goods are characterized by good value for money. Rowenta irons are distinguished by a ceramic safe coating, electronic control. Heating lasts 30 seconds, controlled by 11 modes.

• Stylers are characterized by a titanic covering, electronic control. Heating is very fast - within 10 seconds.
• Rectifiers are distinguished by high power and ionization function. The temperature is controlled to the nearest degree. The package includes a special case in which you can put a hot device.
• Other models have a ceramic coating. They are cheaper, but heat up a little slower, in 30 seconds.
• The devices are equipped with an option to prevent excessive heating, which is activated at temperatures above 200°.

The brand also produces high-quality Appliances: , multicookers, etc.

Vitek

Products have ceramic plates, but mechanical control, few temperature conditions, long warm-up.

Brown

The coating is ceramic, mechanical regulation on 5 temperature levels. Heats up in 40 seconds.

Irons have additional opportunity make waves. Of the pleasant features - floating plates, auto power off, a long two-meter wire.

Separate consumer and professional product lines. Appliances manufactured with maximum power and minimum energy consumption.

• Hair dryers are distinguished by high performance, several temperature conditions, and speed of operation. The versatility of the devices is provided by the presence of additional nozzles.
• Most flat irons are equipped with a metal rod that contains a heating element. Another built-in mount for strands in the form of a clamp. The size and diameter affects the appearance of the curl.
• The professional line is equipped with state-of-the-art motors for high performance. Light weight, comfortable.

Darina Kataeva

Charming curls, chic volume, perfectly even strands, incredible curls - all this will become possible for any type of hair if you choose the right styling device. It is important to remember the dangers that inevitably await the hair when using hot air appliances. But how to do hair styling at home? And what devices can be used for this?

Top 3 Best Hair Styling Tools

This device is in virtually every home, and both men and women use it! Hair dryer appeared not so long ago, in 1900 in Germany. In translation, this word means: "warm alpine wind." Just imagine the first hair dryer weighed 2 kg and looked like a watering can. Despite the high cost of a hair dryer, the girls bought up this device on an unprecedented scale, appreciating the benefits of using it!

Although people now claim that blow-drying is harmful, this is a misconception if you know the features. proper care hair with this device. With its help, you can even make a styling that, in terms of durability and aesthetic characteristics, will not be inferior to a professional one.

To use a hair dryer only to benefit your chic curls, pay attention when buying to the possible modes: from hot air to cold. The power of the hair dryer is also important, choose the golden mean for effective drying and styling, so as not to overdry the hair, and at the same time give it the desired shape.

To do styling with a hair dryer, then purchase it with all kinds of nozzles: a diffuser and a guide nozzle.

Avoid the following mistakes when blow-drying your hair:

• Lack of nozzle and incorrect air direction. Keep hair structure in mind when styling. Your task is to help the scales protect the curls from damage, which means you need to hold the hair dryer at an acute angle and dry only from the roots to the tips.
• Don't use modes. Styling and drying of hair begins with a stream of hot air. Gradually, the degree should be lowered, and the styling should be completed with cold air. This will give the curls a luxurious shine.
• No thermal protection. Even when drying with warm air, it is important to apply hair oil to the ends to prevent overdrying and splitting.

To style hair with a hairdryer, wash the curls with shampoo, and then, using a special round comb, straighten each strand in turn. Be sure to blow the hot air of the hair dryer on the roots of the hair before pulling, thereby lifting them up. One of the benefits of using a hair dryer beautiful styling- this is a volume that cannot be achieved with a curling iron or ironing!

For owners of chic curls that need to be constantly styled, using a diffuser is the best option. First, apply a styling product along the length of the hair, and then lay each strand in turn on the diffuser. The airflow dries the hair and creates charming curls. If you then use mousse, then you will achieve a "wet effect".

1. iron

Fashion for straight hair prompted girls and women to buy a straightener. The main advantages are simplicity and convenience during use. Usually girls use an iron to straighten their hair, however, knowing a certain technique, you can even wind curls with an original wave. In order not to spoil the hair with an iron, it is important to know the features of choice and the rules of use.

Some irons are designed exclusively for a certain type of hair, so your task is to make right choice. It is important that the coating of the iron is ceramic, because it has less detrimental effect on the curls. It is imperative to have a temperature regulator, and it is worth choosing the best one to achieve beautiful styling without harming the curls themselves.

To make hair styling with an iron, you must carefully prepare the curls for heat treatment. To do this, wash your hair thoroughly using shampoo and conditioner for your type and structure of curls. Dry your hair with a towel, and then apply a heat protectant to them, which is quite possible even to prepare at home.

Do not worry if you see steam above the strand after you run the iron over it. This indicates the evaporation of moisture as a result of contact with the ceramic.

To straighten your hair, dry it with a hair dryer so that the strands are perfectly even and do not wrinkle when using a flat iron. It is advisable to set the hair dryer to the lowest temperature. When you have prepared your hair for straightening, divide it into strands. The thinner they are, the more beautiful the styling will be. The iron is allowed to be placed even 2 cm from the roots, while making sure that it does not burn the scalp. It is not worth keeping the styling device on the tips for too long, so as not to overdry them and accidentally burn them at a high temperature. It is better to go over the strand several times than to keep the iron in one place for a long time. Straighten the strands one by one. Then dry them again with the cold air of a hair dryer and fix with varnish for styling resistance.

With the help of an iron, curls are made, and such styling is possible even for those girls who want to do their hair without using the services of a hairdresser. The beginning of any hairstyle begins with washing the hair, blow-drying and applying a special fixative to them. Then divide your hair into equal strands and start curling. We clamp the iron in the middle of the curl and turn it half a turn. Then slowly lower the device down, and an even curl remains. To make the curls more twisted, twist the hair around the iron to the very edge.

The main secret wrapping on an iron is an experiment! Try different variations, twist your hair in different directions, choose a technique that would be easy for you! So you will learn how to quickly make a chic styling!

1. Curling iron.

It has proven itself over time as an effective and easy to use hair styling tool that is found in almost every home. Usually girls use a curling iron to twist their hair, but some even manage to straighten the strands using the same device.

Like other styling products, the curling iron should be on different modes so that you regulate the temperature. Remember that wrapping is recommended to be carried out on clean and prepared hair. Only in this case, the effect will be as if you have visited a chic beauty salon.

To start, heat up the curling iron fine hair up to a temperature of 160 degrees, and for thick - up to 220 degrees. Remember, the colder the device, the better it is for your curls, so experiment and choose the best mode for yourself!

Divide your hair into even strands, and wind each one into a curling iron. After a few seconds, release the curling iron and take on the next strand. The smaller the curls, the more curls you can make. Do not comb your hair after curling, as your entire hairstyle will disappear in an instant! For a good fix, use by special means, for example, varnish, and then even in bad weather, the hairstyle will be excellent!

Practice! From the first time even a professional fails to achieve desired result. And speed and quality are the result of experience!

If you want to straighten your hair, but you do not have a special iron, then use a regular curling iron. To do this, the strands do not need to be twisted, but simply pull the strands with a hot device. At the same time, the ends can be twisted if desired to make the hairstyle more festive and original.

These are not all the devices that girls use for styling. There are instalers, electric curlers, universal curling irons and irons that can perform different functions when changing the mode. Some women like a hair dryer that can dry and style their hair at the same time. If you like the “corrugation” styling, then this style is also used special device or nozzle for ironing. Pick up universal means that will help you look spectacular without resorting to the services of professionals!

Myths about hair styling and the use of special devices

1. Drying your hair before styling is a must. This is not so, because a hair dryer is also a hair styling device. With it, the girls do both twisting and straightening, so it’s enough to hold the hair in a towel before styling to absorb excess moisture into it.
2. It is better to keep the hair dryer at a great distance from the curls. This is a myth, because the closer the hair dryer, the greater the effect will be achieved. The flow of hot air must be at the same distance.
3. Drying can be done from any part of the head. This is a misconception, as professionals have noticed that it is more effective to dry hair from the roots.

It takes time and practice to learn how to use hair styling tools on your own. Therefore, try, look at the variations of hairstyles, and then your hairstyle will be irresistible at any time. At the same time, be sure to take care of yourself and curls so that they are alive, beautiful and shiny. To do this, use homemade masks, make shampoo with your own hands and be sure to watch your diet, because human hair is an indicator of the body.

April 15, 2014, 14:57

Hairdressing: A Practical Guide Konstantinov Anatoly Vasilyevich

§ 16. Hair curling and styling tools

§ 16. Hair curling and styling tools

The following tools are used in hairdressing salons: for hair styling - curlers, clips and a hairdryer; for hot curling - electric and conventional tongs; for thermal waving - rods and banners; For perm- bobbins.

curlers- the most common hair styling tool both in hairdressing salons and at home. With the help of curlers, curls are designed, which are the basis of almost all modern hairstyles. From the molded curls, hairstyles for various purposes are performed (everyday, evening, etc.). Various curlers currently used in hairdressing practice, depending on the design, can be divided into four types. What all types of curlers have in common is the diameter of the working part, which ranges from 1 to 5 cm, and average length curlers - 5 - 10 cm.

Curlers of the first type (Fig. 22, a) are a hollow cylinder with big amount holes, clamping bar and elastic band. The working surface of the curler is smooth. The holes on the body of the curler are designed to release water vapor when drying hair: warm air passes through the strands of hair, is saturated with water vapor and, getting into the holes on the body of the curler, goes out. On one side of the curler there is a special hole into which an elastic band is inserted. With the help of an elastic band, a clamping bar is attached to the body of the curler. The clamping bar has a profile of the working surface of the curler and, when winding the hair, is located along the axis of rotation of the curler.

Rice. 22. Hair curler

A tight fit of the clamping bar to the working surface of the curler is necessary to clamp the ends of the hair of the wound strand. The main purpose of the elastic band is to fix (fix) the curlers in the wound position. To do this, on the end of the curler opposite from the place where the elastic is attached, there are protrusions that hold the elastic in a predetermined position.

The main disadvantage of the first type of curlers is the crease on the hair from the clamping bar and elastic band, which worsens the appearance of the hairstyle.

Curlers of the second type(Fig. 22, b) also represent a hollow cylinder with a large number of holes on the working surface, but without a clamping bar.

Curlers of this type come with or without an elastic band. In the absence of an elastic band, a special hairpin plays the role of a fixing device. Hairpins of various designs are used in hairdressing practice.

The hairpin is a rod 6 - 8 cm long. One end of the hairpin is thinned to facilitate its insertion into the hair. This end of the hairpin is smooth and rounded, which eliminates the risk of damage to the scalp when the hairpin is inserted into the hair. At the other end of the hairpin there is a thickening that prevents the hairpin from slipping into the holes of the working surface of the curler when they are fixed in the wound position.

Curlers of the second type without elastic are most used.

Curlers of the third type(Fig. 22, c) differ from the previous ones in that their working surface is covered with a large number of spikes from 1 to 5 mm high. Spikes allow you to evenly distribute a strand of hair on the working surface of the curler. In the twisted position, this type of curler holds quite well on long (more than 25 cm) hair, even without fixing it with a hairpin. However, when winding short (up to 15 cm) hair, they are fixed with a hairpin.

The disadvantages of the third type of curlers include the following: spinning hair after drying requires a little more time than spinning curlers of other types; dry hair clings to spikes and can break off from sudden movements; when winding curled hair (especially short ones), the top layer of the twisted strand usually cannot be stretched enough, as a result of which the quality of the hairstyle is significantly reduced.

The third type also includes curlers, inside which bristle brushes are inserted. The bristles that protrude through the holes in the body of the curlers make their surface rough and make it easier to wind the hair.

Curlers of the fourth type(Fig. 22, d) are designed for vertical winding of hair during styling. From the curlers of this type described above, they differ in the design of the fixing device. The fixing device is a type of teeth evenly distributed along the end end of the curler and directed in one direction. When winding the hair, it should be facing the scalp. Directing the strand with a slight turn of the curlers in the opposite direction, insert the teeth into the hair of the base of the strand and cling to them.

When using curlers of the fourth type, there are no creases of hair that spoil the hairstyle - this is their advantage.

Curlers, like all hairdresser's tools, must be systematically cleaned of dirt. To do this, in the process of work, as needed, the curlers are cleaned of hair and washed in warm water with soap.

Clips (clips) for hair styling. For hair styling, in addition to curlers, special clips or clips are used (Fig. 23). From the whole variety of them, depending on the purpose of the application, two main types of clamps can be distinguished - large and small. They differ only in size: the average length of the large ones is 10 - 12 cm, the small ones are 5 - 6 cm. The clamps consist of two clamping legs, a rivet and a spring. On each foot of the clamp there is an elongated part - the working surface and a shortened part that serves to open the clamp. The working surface of the paws (from the end to the rivet) is 9–10 cm for large ones, and 4–5 cm for small ones; the shortened part - for large ones 1.5 - 2 cm, for small ones 0.8-1 cm.

Rice. 23. Clips for hair styling

Hand dryer. In hairdressing practice, a hand-held hair dryer is widely used for hair styling. It is used in both men's and women's hairdressing salons, as it is especially convenient to dry and style short hair with it.

A hand dryer (Fig. 24) is a design of an electric fan and heating elements, enclosed in a plastic case. The electric fan of a hand-held hair dryer consists of a small-sized powerful electric motor and an impeller 2 mounted on its axis. The heating element is located in the head of the housing and is a spiral 1 wound on a rigid figured core made of insulating material. For connection to the mains, the hand-held hair dryer is equipped with a power cord with a plug. On the back of the hair dryer there is a three-stage switch 5, which allows you to turn on only the fan or the fan and the heating element at the same time from the zero position. When only the fan is turned on, the dryer blows cold air.

When the fan and the heating element are turned on, the air flow coming from the impeller flows around the heating elements, heats up and exits the housing nozzle hot. With the help of this air flow, hair is styled and dried.

To perform various operations when drying or styling hair, there are special tips or attachments that can be easily changed during operation. There are three types of tips - in the form of combs, brushes and nozzles.

tip shaped combs(Fig. 25, a) is a hollow tube with teeth. The length of the tip is about 18 cm. The diameter of the tube usually does not exceed 1.5 cm, and the length of the teeth is 2 cm. Each tooth base in the tube has an opening through which air flows into the teeth. With the help of this tip, the hairdresser gives the hair a lush wavy shape. The comb-shaped tip is used in both the men's and women's rooms.

Rice. 24. Hair dryer device: 1 - heating coil, 2 - impeller, 3 - air intake holes, 4 - electric motor, 5 - three-stage switch

Rice. 25. Attachments to the hair dryer: a - in the form of a comb, b - in the form of a nozzle

tip in the form brushes designed for hair styling in men's rooms. Like the comb tip, the brush tip has holes in the base through which the air flow is directed to the hair.

A tip of the third type is also intended for performing men's hairstyles - in the form nozzles(Fig. 25, b).

Hot curling iron. Hot curling of hair is performed using conventional or electric tongs. Ordinary curling irons (Fig. 26, a) are no different in design from the tongs that were first used in 1871 by the French hairdresser Marcel. Currently, there is a whole set of tongs that differ only in the diameter of the working part.

Hot curling irons consist of three parts: a roller with a handle, a groove with a handle and a pin connecting them. The junction of the two halves of the tongs with a pin divides them into a working part and handles.

Rice. 26. Hot curling irons: a - conventional, b - electric

In addition to ordinary tongs, the hairdresser has electric tongs at his disposal (Fig. 26, b). But due to the rather significant diameter of the working part, they can only perform some curling operations. Electric tongs also have advantages, for example, they allow you to perform hairstyles that are practically no different from styling hair on curlers.

Tongs are divided into two groups: the first group includes all tongs, regardless of the diameter of their working part, which require external heating; to the second - all electric tongs, i.e. tongs that do not require external heating.

The tongs of the first group are made from special heat-intensive alloys that contribute to the long-term preservation of the temperature required for curling hair. The forceps of this group differ only in the diameter of the working part, which ranges from 10 to 20 mm. Forceps with a diameter of 10 - 14 mm are used to generate waves (andulation) and to curl hair into curls. Forceps with a diameter of the working part from 14 to 20 mm are used only for curling hair into curls. Thus, tongs with a diameter of 10 to 14 mm are universal, that is, they allow you to perform any hairstyle. Such tongs are widely used in hairdressing practice. With the help of thicker tongs (diameter of the working part 14 - 20 mm), you can also perform a variety of modern hairstyles.

Forceps of the second group(not requiring external heating) differ to a lesser extent. The diameter of their working part varies slightly - from 20 to 25 mm. These forceps are not suitable for andulating. With their help, modern hairstyles are performed with twisting the hair into curls by the type of twisting on curlers, followed by combing the shaped curls. At home, electric tongs are used much less frequently than conventional tongs.

When hot curling hair, the hairdresser must have two tongs at his disposal: while he works with one, the second is heated.

Before you start working with new, unused tongs, you need to prepare them. The tongs are heated on the flame of a gas burner to a brown-red color, and then lowered into a vessel with mineral oil. As soon as the tongs are completely cool, they are removed from the oil and wiped with cotton wool. After such a procedure, a thin protective film of sintered oil is formed on the surface of the forceps, which will further protect the hair layer in contact with the forceps from overheating. This ensures uniform heating of the entire captured strand of hair with tongs.

In the absence of such a fatty film on the forceps, it is extremely difficult to achieve a good hair curl. In fact, in order for the hair to be well curled, a certain temperature of the tongs is necessary to ensure uniform heating of the captured strand of hair. If you heat the tongs that have not been processed in the manner described above, i.e., do not have a fatty film, to the temperature necessary for curling the hair, then at the time of curling, the hair in contact with the tongs will be subjected to greater heat exposure than the hair in the middle of the strand. As a result of overheating of the surface layers of the strand, irreversible changes can occur in them - welding of the protein substance, which will eventually lead to hair falling off. By heating the curling iron to a lower temperature, the hair in the middle of the strand will not be heated sufficiently and therefore will not frizz.

Thus, the presence of a protective fatty film on the surface of the forceps is of great importance for high-quality hair curling.

The hairdresser must be able to determine the temperature of the tongs required for curling hair of various textures. Naturally, for curling fine vellus hair, a lower temperature is needed than for curling thick hair. by the most in a simple way To determine the temperature of the tongs is considered to be a method using newsprint, which turns yellow at a temperature only slightly higher than that necessary for curling hair. The tongs are heated on a gas or alcohol burner or a special electric typewriter. Newsprint is clamped between the roller and the groove of the working part of the tongs and held for 5 - 10 s. If the tongs do not leave a yellow mark on the paper, they must be heated a little more, and then the paper is clamped again. A yellow mark on the paper after a secondary check indicates that the tongs are heated and should be slightly cooled before use. To do this, forceps are taken in right hand by one handle, which is a continuation of the roller, and, opening them, rotate around the roller, which serves as the axis of rotation. In order for the tongs to cool down only slightly and you can start curling, 8-10 revolutions of the groove around the axis are enough. If you use paper that is thicker than newsprint, it will take a little longer for the tongs to heat up and cool down accordingly.

In some countries, the temperature of the tongs is determined with a special thermometer. For curling hair, the tongs must be heated to 110 - 120 ° C.

electric oven for heating tongs consists of a metal case and a heating element (Fig. 27). The heating element is a porcelain or metal tube with an inner diameter of 18 - 25 mm and a length of 140 - 150 mm. The surface of the tube is wrapped in a spiral of nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.15 - 0.3 mm. If the tube is not porcelain but metal, the helix must be insulated.

At present, electric furnaces are used with a thermostat, which, when the tube is heated to 200 ° C, turns off the furnace, and when it cools down to 150 ° C, it automatically turns it on again.

Thus, after the electric furnace is connected to the network, its operation mode is maintained automatically. This is very convenient, as it allows the hairdresser not to be distracted during work to check the heating of the tongs. A significant advantage of an electric oven with a temperature controller is the fact that the energy consumption when using it is much less than when operating a oven without a temperature controller.

Rods, banners and clips for thermal curling (permanent). To perform thermal hair curling (permanent), a set of tools from clips, rods and banners is used.

The rod (Fig. 28, a) consists of two parts: the working part, or tube, and a cap 1 in the form of a cap riveted to one end. The tube is used to wind a strand of hair prepared for curling. An electric stove is inserted into its hole during the curling process. The average diameter of the tubes used for long-term curling of hair usually does not exceed 7 - 8 mm, length - 70 - 90 mm.

Rice. 27. Electric oven for heating tongs

Rice. 28. A set of tools for thermal curling (permanent): a - rod, b - banner, c - clamp; 1 - cap, 2 - rivets, 3 - rubber tubes, 4 - lock

Bannik (Fig. 28, b) is a hollow tube with a longitudinal slit along the entire length. The diameter of the bannik is smaller than the diameter of the rod cap, which makes it possible to put the cap on the bannik.

The clamp (Fig. 28, c) consists of two metal plates connected at one end with a rivet 2. At the other end of the clamp there is a lock 4 connected to one of the plates with a rivet 2. Rubber tubes 3 are put on the plates along the entire length, which serve as a gasket and protect the scalp from contact with the metal parts of the curling tools heated during the baking process. The width of the clamp plates is 6 - 8 mm, the length is 70 - 90 mm.

All parts of permanent waving tools are made of anti-corrosion metals. Most often, aluminum alloys are used for this purpose.

Bobbins designed for perm hair. There are bobbins for horizontal and vertical curling.

All bobbins used for horizontal perm are of the same type and differ only in size (Fig. 29). They are made from wood or plastic. The length of the bobbin varies from 6 to 10 cm. The diameter of the middle part of the bobbin is 1.5 - 2 times smaller than the diameter of the ends. The thinnest bobbins have a middle part diameter of about 3 mm, the thickest - 10 - 12 mm.

The bobbin for vertical perm (Fig. 30) is more complicated than an ordinary bobbin and consists of four parts: the bobbin itself 1, the spring 2, the ring 3 and the puller 4.

The height of the working part of the bobbin (cone) is different. How longer hair, the more convenient are bobbins with a long working part. The diameter of the hole in the base of the bobbin depends on the diameter of the base of the cone. The larger the diameter of the base of the cone (stop circle), the larger the diameter of the hole, which allows thicker strands of hair to be threaded into it.

Rice. 29. Perm bobbins

Rice. 30. Bobbin for vertical perm: 1 - bobbin itself, 2 - spring, 3 - ring, 4 - puller

Spring 2 is designed to secure the twisted strand of hair; it is somewhat cone shaped bigger size than the cone of the bobbin, which allows it to be put on the bobbin. The spring is made of stainless steel.

The most commonly used bobbins are of the following three sizes (cm):

	I	II	III
Stop circle diameter	3	3	3
Cone height	6,5	5,2	4
cone base diameter	1,6	1,4	1,2
Inlet diameter at the base of the cone	0,8	0,6	0,5
Base thickness	0,2	0,2	0,2

With the help of a puller 4, a strand of hair is threaded through the inlet at the base of the bobbin. The puller is made of nylon fishing line with a diameter of 1 - 1.2 mm. It has the shape of a closed ellipse, to the top of which a rubber or plastic ring 3 is attached, which makes it easier for the hairdresser to work with bobbins of this type.

Disinfection of tools and devices. All hairdressing tools and fixtures must be systematically disinfected to kill disease-causing microbes and avoid their possible transfer from one client to another.

There are physical and chemical disinfectants. Chemicals include: ethyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, tincture of iodine, formalin, chloramine, bleach, carbolic acid, alum, some types of creams and toilet waters, which include disinfectants and hemostatic agents, and other drugs.

Physical means of disinfection are boiling in water and burning metal tools and devices on an open flame of a burner, ironing hairdresser's linen with a hot iron.

For accidental cuts or any other damage to the skin, hemostatic agents are used to promote rapid blood clotting. To prevent the penetration of pathogenic microbes into the human body through damaged areas of the skin, disinfectants are also used.

For disinfection of instruments, ethyl alcohol with a concentration of at least 70% is used. Razors, scissors and manicure tools are disinfected by immersing them in a vessel with alcohol. Such processing is necessary not only before serving each client, but also after the next edit on a whetstone or belt. The alcohol in the vessel is replaced systematically after 2-3 days, and the number of instruments disinfected in a given volume of alcohol should not exceed 150 units.

Metal combs and working parts of hair clippers are also disinfected by lowering them into a vessel with alcohol. However, given that pathogenic microbes can accumulate along with dust between the teeth of machines and combs, it is recommended to burn them in the flame of an alcohol burner.

Tools of cosmetic and pedicure rooms require the most careful processing - they are boiled in an electric sterilizer, after which they are stored in alcohol until use.

For disinfection of instruments, a 0.5% solution of chloramine is used. Brushes, combs and other tools made of plastics are lowered into a vessel with a solution; moreover, the capacity of the vessel must be sufficient so that the working parts of the processed instruments are completely immersed in the solution. Chloramine solution is replaced with a new one at least every 5 days.

From the book The Newest Encyclopedia of Proper Repair author Nesterova Daria Vladimirovna

§ 32. Preparations for perm The manufactured preparations for perming hair must meet the following requirements: ensure the preservation of the curl for at least 3 months, even in the case of a haircut; do not change the original hair color; easy to wash off

From the book Makeup [Short Encyclopedia] author Kolpakova Anastasia Vitalievna

§ 33. Technology of perm Preparatory work. To perform perm hair, the following tools and devices are required: a porcelain or enameled bowl with a volume of at least 50 - 60 ml, stable enough so that it does not tip over during

From the book How to become a hairdresser author Lukovkina Aurika

Styling Products The modern cosmetic industry offers a huge variety of hair styling products. They differ in texture, consistency, strength of fixation, method of application.1. Water for styling. Gives hair flexibility, creates a natural

From the author's book

From the author's book

Curlers for precise curling of eyelashes Such curlers are used for curling all eyelashes or several individual eyelashes in the corner of the eye (Fig. 17). They are made of stainless steel and equipped with six special pads. Rice. 17. Curler for precision curling