What clothes did the Indians of North America wear, and what did their famous headdresses actually look like. Indian clothing
Each country has its own traditions, its own uniqueness. And each of them has its own national costumes. Today we will talk about the most interesting and colorful outfits.
National costumes of Japan
Let's start with Japan. Since the 19th century, the kimono has been considered. Also this outfit is a geisha.
The kimono emphasizes only the waist and shoulders, hiding any imperfections. female figure. This is directly related to the representation of the inhabitants of the country about the body. Near such an elegant Japanese woman, every man can feel like a true samurai.
National costumes of China
In the national one, you should get to know Hanfu better. The inhabitants of China wore for a long time the outfits of the Han people, hence their name. In addition, the national dress of the state often means qipao ( long dress). After the Chinese monarchy ceased to exist, qipao became the prototype of women's traditional clothing.
Armenian national costumes
National clothes Armenia is an element of the lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants of this country. dress - these words are synonymous with the word taraz, it also means manners and fashion. Taraz includes all parts of clothing, as well as decorations for them.
National costumes of India
In India, women's clothing depends directly on the region. Classic Indian women's clothing- Sari is a costume with a long history. Today, this costume also has not lost its aesthetic relevance. And today, men all over the world cannot look calmly at the seductive forms of girls dressed in incredibly thin silks of rich colors.
National costumes of Brazil
Rare in what country traditional costume completely preserved. Women put on starched underskirts, over them - bright long outfits. Cotton wool is a snow-white, as if falling jacket, thrown over the shoulders. Shoes - tamanko - resemble men's, they also wear chinelas - light sandals. Intricate hairstyles are crowned with light turbans, and the neck and arms are decorated with all kinds of bracelets and beads made of stones, bright bird feathers.
The bright, colorful costumes of Brazil's carnival dancers are a mesmerizing sight for tourists from all over the world.
National costumes of Russia
Women's costume in Rus' included a shirt, loincloth, sundress, paneva, headdress, shoes, belt, jewelry. At married women and girls' headdresses were different. In the 13th century, a kokoshnik appeared, borrowed from the Finno-Ugric peoples.
"Laptev" Rus' was not. Its inhabitants walked in leather boots. Bast shoes also came from the Finno-Ugric peoples. Women in the cities wore shoes and boots; at the end of the 17th century, low shoes appeared among the nobility.
National costumes of Spain
Traditional spanish clothes in the cities of the country existed until the end of the XIX century. The country is distinguished by a wide variety of clothing options, therefore, it is possible to single out elements of the national Spanish costume only in general terms.
The woman's costume consisted of a shirt with thin straps, a light blouse, a pleated wide skirt with an apron, a short woolen jacket or a bodice. The head was covered with a sombrero or a thin handkerchief. On the chest is a crossed motley shawl. On the feet - woven rawhide abarcas, pointed leather zapatas, wicker light shoes made of esparto.
If you want to get acquainted with the culture and life of a certain people, then you should start by analyzing it national costume. Here, every detail is full of symbolism - color reflects the emotions of people, prints - the nature and life that surround them, accessories - show a vision of beauty. So, which outfits are the most interesting? Let's start!
1. India. Traditional attire indian women is a sari. In appearance, it resembles a long dress with a sleeve that goes down to one arm, but when unfolded, it is just a rectangular piece of fabric, the length of which is 5-10 meters. For decor, embroidery of sequins and gold threads is used. Sarees are worn with a special blouse called a choli.
2. Korea. Korean women wear hanbok costumes, which consist of light jacket(chogori) and long skirt(chima) which can be quilted, single layer and double layer. An obligatory element of a hanbok is a ribbon collar attached to the bottom of the jacket. Silk shoes with embroidered floral patterns complete the look.
3. Japan. Women in Japan have long worn long robes with wide sleeves, which in everyday life are called "kimono". To emphasize the figure, a wide obi belt is used, which is wrapped several times around the waist. By the way, the traditional kimono consists of 12 parts and in order to dress it you have to resort to the help of other people.
4. Indonesia. The classic Indonesian costume consists of women's shirts(baji), which is worn over a special skirt with pleats in front (kain or sarung). Cain is sewn from ordinary cotton fabric, embroidered with silk threads.
5. Norway. Traditional Norwegian peasant costumes are called "bunad". The design of the costume is quite complex, complemented by a variety of pewter decorations and embroideries. The women's bunad consists of an embroidered skirt, shirt, vest and stockings. Depending on the region of residence, the pattern and color of the embroidery changes.
6. Kazakhstan. The outfit of Kazakh women consisted of the following components: upper shoulder clothing (reminiscent of a camisole or robe) and wide pants. The 18th century was dominated by red and blue colors, but over time, dresses began to be sewn from fabrics of other shades. An indispensable attribute was a special bib that covered the girl's naked body. It was embroidered with ribbons and beads.
7. Peru. The most common outfit is considered to be a poncho, decorated with a geometric pattern and a wide flared skirt that reaches mid-calf. As a headdress, a "fitter" is used - a hat that is attached to the back of the head with an elastic bandage.
8. Tajikistan. Differs in bright colors and an abundance of interesting patterns. Women wore dresses of a tunic cut, in the countryside - made of smooth fabric, in mountainous areas - embroidered with silk. Under the dress were worn wide harem pants with a slouch at the ankle. The head was covered with a skullcap or scarf.
9. Ukraine. The most memorable feature of the Ukrainian folk costume is an embroidery that adorns a shirt, vest, skirt hem and belt. By the pattern of the shirt, you can even determine where it comes from (each region has a certain combination of colors) and what was washed away in the pattern. Coral beads, wreaths were used as accessories to the Ukrainian dress. self made. Currently, Ukrainian vyshyvanka is very popular among people of all ages and is worn even to work.
From time immemorial, representatives of a surprisingly strong, hardy and mysterious people have lived on the territory of modern America. These people believed that all life on earth is endowed with a soul. They are said to be able to talk to animals and plants. And the souls of their ancestors always remained with them in the breath of the wind, in the flickering of sunlight and the quiet rustle of trees. These people hunted not for profit, but for subsistence, respectfully guarding their land and the gifts that it gave them. And for communication, they used sign language and all kinds of signals more often than voice. Now this people is called by the general term "Indians", but in the old days there were several hundred separate tribes. Only in North America there were about 400 of them. They differed from each other in traditions, culture, way of life. Some of them were hunters, others were brave warriors, others were raising cattle and farming. The clothing of the Indians of America was also different.
Some Indian tribes
Indians is a common name And all because when Christopher Columbus discovered these places, he mistakenly considered them to be the lands of India. The Ottawa and Ojibwe lived in the northern part. Closer to the East - Iroquois and Mohicans. The southeast was inhabited by the Cherokee and Seminoles, Central America by the Mayan and Aztec peoples. IN South America the Incas hunted, and in the deserts of the Southwest, Apaches and Navajos.
Indian warrior clothes
The clothes of the Indians (photos are presented in the article) were different depending on the situation and weather conditions. On ordinary days, going hunting, they dressed simply and comfortably. But for rituals, at solemn moments or during the courtship of girls, the Indians dressed up richly and colorfully. consisted of either leggings and moccasins. Usually men preferred to walk bare-chested. These people did not attach much importance to the wardrobe, as is customary among Europeans. Going hunting, the men pulled on their ankles leggings, reminiscent of modern leggings. The chiefs of the Prairie Indians wore white shirts adorned with the scalps of their enemies. In cold weather, a cloak of buffalo skin was thrown over the shoulders, with fur to the body. Gradually, the Indians began to prefer capes from sheep wool. The clothes of the North Indians were supplemented with mittens and a shirt made of deer and antelope skin. They also had cloaks like blankets made of cotton. For hunting, some tribes wore wide leather belts or sleeveless jackets to protect against injury. Only in the 19th century, imitating rich Europeans, did the Indians begin to use velvet, chintz, silk, satin ribbons for sewing clothes. Quechua liked to wear a poncho - a cloak made of two pieces of rectangular fabric with a hole for the head in the middle, sewn from sheep's wool. In the warm season, the cloak was folded in half and worn as a scarf.
What did the women wear?
The clothing of the female Indians was less conspicuous and simpler. Residents of the southern regions wore only skirts, others - a belt of modesty, tied at the waist with lacing. In the middle of America, women covered intimate parts pieces of fur, later replacing them with cotton fabric. In cold weather, women wore a sheepskin shawl. On the back, it could be tucked up and put into the resulting space any burden or even a child. Prairie women wore long straight shirts made of suede. But they were all skilled weavers. On improvised machines, they made shirts, dresses, poncho raincoats and bedspreads. Women embroidered with beads and threads, sewed on fringe and braid, made the body and face of the girls were often painted with tattoos. The noble representatives of the tribe had their faces and hands covered with fanciful patterns, women from a simple class applied only a few lines to the skin. In some tribes, drawings on the face testified to a low position in society, and on the hands, on the contrary, to a high status.
Indian children's clothing
Children up to 5-6 years old went completely naked. It was believed that they deserve to wear adult outfits only when they learn the rules of behavior and learn the necessary skills. Exactly at childhood began to outline the body with the first patterns. Old and respected women did it with the help of fish bones or cactus thorns.
Hats
The Indians didn't cut their hair. Therefore, even men had gorgeous hair intercepted from behind wide ribbon, bandage or belt. In some tribes, in order to instill fear in the enemy, they shaved their heads, leaving a comb or a thin pigtail. Or they smeared their hair with fat, gave it unimaginable shapes. The national dress of the Indians was rather an ornament, an opportunity to show off than a necessity. Feathers were worn on the head, variously colored and trimmed, on the body - otters, foxes or other animals. The number of feathers and the type of fur were determined by military rank or special services to the tribe. For example, the skin of a panther could only be worn by the most outstanding warrior. On weekdays, the Indians wore hats made of tree bark or straw, which protected them from the hot sun. Plains tribes built a crown of feathers. The southern population used hair nets, and a red thread with shells and beads strung on it was attached to the forehead.
Shoes
On their feet, the Indians wore soft moccasins. It was a piece of leather, tied at the top with a cord, which was pulled through holes along the edges. Such shoes allowed them to silently approach prey or the enemy. But at the same time, it protected from numerous poisonous snakes and insects. Going hunting, the man took with him several pairs of moccasins at once in reserve. There were shoes with soft or harder soles, high and low. Prairie Indians richly decorated moccasins with porcupine quills.
Decorations
The style of the Indians in clothing was distinguished by peculiar ethnic ornaments. Drawings, embroidery were applied to leather products, fringe, beads, shells were attached. Feathers were a special attribute. Both men and women loved bracelets not only for hands, but also for legs, earrings. Necklaces were made from feathers, fruit seeds, deer hooves, shells, grizzly claws, shells, and animal teeth. Later they began to make jewelry from copper, silver and brass. The more massive they were, the higher the position in society the person occupied. The Indians were very fond of applying tattoos to the body, especially for the peoples of the South. But the men mostly wore war paint, which was washed off to look intimidating in hunting and war.
The clothes of the Indians did not at all speak of their belonging to a particular tribe. Often, many of them, after winning the battle, took the trophies for themselves and wore them with pride. Women decorated shirts obtained in battle by men with beaded embroidery and ocher. And it was already impossible to figure out which tribe the outfit belonged to. In addition, warriors could put on the hats of killed rivals in order to confuse the enemy.
Accessories
The clothes of the Indians were not as important as other things that complemented the outfit. The men always had a tomahawk - a small hatchet, which was a symbol of the honor and valor of a warrior. Its handle was made of deer antler or wood, and the blade was flint or metal. The tomahawk was intended for close combat, it was decorated with suede fringe and cherished.
It is still considered a sacred object for a few descendants of the Indians. Initially, it was a symbol of fertility. It was lit in a circle, in turn, to call for rain. The smoke symbolized the clouds. Later, the pipe was smoked with Europeans to seal peace agreements. The peace pipe was decorated with eagle feathers.
Indians still live in America. Now the clear boundaries of the division of the people into tribes have practically disappeared. But, despite the fact that there are very few purebred Indians left, they still managed to preserve their culture and individuality, and they continue to deeply honor the memory of their ancestors.
The most typical folk clothing of Argentina is considered to be a suitGaucho ( GAUCHO). Gaucho is a resident of the countryside (peasant) living on the plains of Argentina (as well as countries such as Uruguay, Brazil (southern zone), Chile), engaged in cattle breeding - the most typical image of Argentine folklore.
Origin of the word "GAUCHO" exactly unknown. It is believed that it comes from the word "quechua"("huachu","huajcho" ), which means "orphan", "homeless".The Spanish settlers turned the term "orphans" into "gauchos" (tramp, homeless), i.e. the word had a negative connotation.In southern Brazil they are often referred to as "Gaudério" or "Gaucho".
There is also an assumption that Creoles and mestizos began to pronounce the word"GAUCHO", having modified the Spanish-introduced word "chaouch", which in Arabic means "shepherd of animals". The first gauchos appeared in the Pampas of Argentina around 1600. They have Spanish roots.
They are very revered in modern Argentina, as they have repeatedly defended the country in various military conflicts, in particular in the war of independence. There are even official holiday Gaucho Day, which is celebrated annually on December 6th.
The modern gaucho is like a Latin American "version" of a cowboy. Yes, by the type of work - to breed and graze cattle, while being an excellent rider - they have similarities, but it is in clothing that South American and North American cowboys have significant differences. The image of a gaucho is inseparable from his clothes.
COSTUME MAN - GAUCHOS
On the pictures above : components of GAUCHO clothing
In the central provinces, the gaucho costume is characterized by the fact that it consists of a white shirt, long trousers tucked into black boots with spurs, a short jacket (corralera)or a waistcoat with side pockets, so that there is where to put tobacco and coca leaves;
a leather belt with metal decorations and a clasp, a long woven belt (faja) is also worn, it can reach a length of 2 m 80 cm, a width of 18 cm. It wraps around the waist several times and can reach the chest line. A dagger and other gaucho tool is attached to it.
In addition to traditional boots, the so-called "botas de potro" are worn - shoes made from leather taken from the lower part of the horse's hind leg.
silk scarf( pañuelo) is tied around the neck with the so-called republican knot (usually a scarf is red, black or sky blue). This scarf can also serve as protection against midges when it is worn under a hat and covers the neck with it.
The costume is complemented by a hat with a narrow brim, trimmed with leather (this hat is a small but very reliable shelter during rain or the scorching sun of the Cordilleras). The hat is fastened to the chin with a ribbon ( barbacho) so that it does not fall off during operation. Very common in gaucho beret - "boina". In cold weather essential attribute clothing is a woolen cape-poncho, covering the rider in the colder season. There is also a less dense cape-cloak - pala, which is sewn from cotton, fine wool, silk. Wear this cape in the summer. There is also a poncho-pala demi-season outerwear.
In other Argentinean provinces, traditionally black or dark brown leather boots and a wide belt are also typical, but the pants are wider( bombachos) and resemble bloomers.
Chiripas can be worn over bloomers ( chiripas) - a piece of dense fabric, usually woolen, woven, which in a certain way is passed between the legs and fixed on the belt. For work, chiripas are sewn from more dense fabrics, for holidays, from light fabrics.For work, it can also be made of thin leather.
As underwear - calzoncillos- white cotton (linen, woolen) pantaloons, decorated with tassels, flounces, embroidery on the bottom. They peek out from under the trousers and give the clothes a special chic.
Specialists in the history of costume note several stages in the evolution of Gaucho clothing. Here is what it looked like in the 19th century.
Raimundo Quinsac Monvoisin,
Soldado sentado, óleo sobre cuero, (1842).
GOUCH WOMAN CLOTHES
Paisana (gaucha) and gaucho. 19th century photo
GOUCHA WOMAN COSTUME ( also called "paisana", "china" "guaina" (en el norte litoraleño), "gaucha", "prenda".) is very simple and consists of a long two-layer skirt (palleta), which reaches almost to the heels, a white blouse with a wide puffy sleeve, often sleeveless, jacket, neckerchief, hat like men; shoes - black patent leather shoes.
For riding, they can dress like men. Such a costume was typical until the end of the fifties, now it can be seen mainly during folk festivals.
