Start knitting the first row with knitting needles. Seven ways to cast on knitting needles

How to knit loops with knitting needles

Do-it-yourself knitting differs from crocheting in that, firstly, there are other loops, and secondly, there are still different columns, and the basis of knitting is two basic types of loops that have a different design, and they are built on this design different loops and patterns. Therefore, some craftswomen prefer this particular type of knitting. Knitting with your own hands is not such a difficult job, the main thing is to have a lot of patience and learn basic technique performance, and their derivatives.

Types of loops

Basic or basic types loops in hand knitting on their own, loops are considered, which are called purl and facial. The purl loops are the wrong side of the product, and the front loops are its face. In addition to the main loops, there are also others:

• edging. They can not be knitted only in circular knitting, but if you are making a rectangular fabric, then you cannot do without them.
• crossed. Since ancient times, such loops have been very popular. After all, the canvas, which is connected with such loops, is very dense, retains its appearance for a long time and is hard to deform.
• Decrease loop or decrease loop. Such a loop is needed to reduce loops in a row.
• Nakid. Usually used for other openwork products.
• elongated loops can give knitting a more delicate look. Such loops are considered a kind of removed loops.
• Air loops used to increase the length of the product by adding new loops, also thanks to them, you can make loops for buttons.
• English. These loops are facial, which are connected in a different way - English.
• Additional and double loops do when you need to increase the number of loops on the product.

How to knit a front loop with knitting needles

Knitted knitting loops

There are two ways to knit facial loops with your own hands - for the front and back walls.

1 way will show how else you can make an English loop with knitting needles. For this method, you need to do the following:

• lower the working thread down the product and put it on the index finger of the left hand.
• we hook the loop right spoke th. In the direction from left to right.
• further, in the same way, grab the working thread on the left side, while holding the back wall of the loop, then pull the loop through it, which is located on the left knitting needle.

2 way . Some call this method continental, and it must be done like this:

• throw the working thread on the index finger of the left hand, and thus leave it behind the canvas.
• grab the loop on the left needle on the right side of the back wall and pull the working thread through it.

How to knit purl stitches with knitting needles

Purl loops

Purl loops must be done independently in this way:

• throw a thread on the left knitting needle.
• on the right side, the right knitting needle must be passed under the front wall of the loop.
• adjust the working thread with your thumb so that it is in front of the eyelet.
• With the right needle, raise the loop a little up, at the same time you need to grab the working thread clockwise and drag it through the wall of the loop.

How to knit edge loops with knitting needles

In order for the edges of the canvas to be neat and even, edge loops are used for this. These do-it-yourself loops can be divided into the first edge loop, with which you start the row and the second loop, which ends the row.

There are many different ways to knit edge loops, because it all depends on what kind of product you are knitting, because it can be made, for example, either convex in the form of a column of knots, or even in the form of a pigtail.

How to knit elongated loops with knitting needles

The elongated loops are knitted very simply, and they can be of various lengths, depending on which pattern you are doing:

• if you want to make a short loop, the length of which is one or two rows, then you need to remove the loop of the right untied from the right knitting needle, and then pull it up a little.
• in this principle, you will see how to make longer loops: bring the knitting needle behind the wall of the loop in the direction from left to right, then throw the working thread several times over the edge of the knitting needle, forming turns in it. Next, pull the future elongated loop through the loop of the previous row. Depending on how high you need the stretched thread in the future, the number of turns will also depend. The loop gets higher when the number of turns increases.

Stretched loops with knitting needles

How to yarn over and chain stitch

Making a crochet for is very simple. While knitting, throw a working thread on the right knitting needle in front of the knitted loop. In order to make a hole with the help of a crochet, in the next row, then it must be knitted behind the back wall, if you want a closed crochet, then it is knitted behind the front wall.

In order to knit air loops with your own hands, you need to throw a working thread on your finger so that it is like a loop in shape, then you need to re-thread the thread on the right knitting needle and pull it up very carefully.

How to knit crossed loops with knitting needles

These loops can be made not only with the help of purl, but also facial ones. When you make purl crossed loops, you must adhere to the following steps:

1. throw the working thread on top of the product on the index finger of the left hand, so that the thread is above the desired loop.
2. in the direction from right to left, you need to pry the back wall of the purl loop from the bottom with the right knitting needle.
3. then grab the working thread from right to left and you need to pull out the crossed loop.

It is necessary to take into account which wall of the loop is closer to the edge, and after that choose the method of knitting the facial crossed loops:

• if the front loop looks at the front wall, then you need to insert the knitting needle in front of the back wall, and then pull out the loop
• if the back wall of the loop is closer to the edge, then the knitting needle is inserted in front of the front wall, and then the working thread is pulled out.

How to knit an additional and double loop with knitting needles

A double loop and an additional loop may have similar functions, but despite this, they look and work completely differently.

In order to make an additional loop, you need to pull the thread from the gap that is between the knitted and not yet knitted loops.

Such actions must be done in order to make a double loop with knitting needles:

• make a loop purl or front for the front wall, depending on the pattern.
• then you don’t need to throw off the knitted loop from the left knitting needle, you need to knit it again, only behind the back wall.
• when you have done everything, then you have a double loop, which is knitted from one.

Making Decrease Loops

In any place where a row is knitted, decrease loops can be made, this can be done both on the wrong side and on the front. In order to make decrease loops or decrease loops, you need 2 loops that are on the left knitting needle, knit together as one purl or front, it all depends on the pattern.

If you want to conquer and master this type of needlework, then first you need to be able to make loops with knitting needles.

Types of loops and their conditional notation in the pattern repeat:

• Two or more loops together with a face crossed loop
• Three loops together, after swapping the second and first loops

Set of loops of the initial row

Knitting a product or sample begins with a set of loops of the initial row. The loops are cast on two knitting needles folded together. This is done so that the loops of the initial row are easily stretched and it is easier to knit the loops of the next row.

There are many options for a set of loops - from one thread, from two, thickened yarn, with fringe and others. You should choose the type of set that is more consistent with the knitting pattern. Let's take a look at some of the more common methods.

The simplest set

Starting knitting, you need to dial the main loops. This set is formed by using two knitting needles connected together. The thread is measured three times longer than the expected width of the product and placed on the index finger of the left hand so that the thread coming from the ball is between the index and middle fingers. The end of the thread, from the side of the palm, is wrapped around the thumb.

The threads are held in the palm of your hand, and the thumb and forefinger are taken away from each other. IN right hand take two knitting needles and insert under the loop of the thumb from the bottom up. Then they grab the thread on the index finger and make it through the loop on thumb(Fig. 202, A).

The loop from the thumb is dropped and the thread thrown over is pulled up to the knitting needles (Fig. 202, B). The first main loop is formed.

The set is continued, the knitting needles are first placed under the loop on the thumb, then the thread is grabbed on the index finger and pulled through on the thumb, the thread is evenly tightened on the knitting needles (Fig. 202, B).

Set of loops with one thread

This set is mainly used in the formation of buttonholes or at the edges of the product, continuing any ledge.

Knitting with a knitting needle is held in the right hand and with the index finger of the left hand they put a loop on the knitting needle (Fig. 203). Thus gain the required number of loops.

decorative set

The decorative set is used in the erasers of mittens or in the collars of jackets and jumpers. It is formed as follows: the yarn intended for the set is folded in half, then it is folded in half and knitting needles are placed in the middle. So, in the middle, the yarn is fourfold.

Three threads are placed on the thumb, one thread on the index finger, the needles remain in the middle (Fig. 204, A). The loop is dialed in two steps.

First, as in a simple set (Fig. 202), the knitting needles are inserted under the loop on the thumb, the thread on the index finger is grabbed, and under the thread on the thumb, the knitting needles with the new loop are pulled to their original position (Fig. 204, B). The second time, the thread around the thumb is wrapped from the side of the palm against itself and the knitting needles are inserted into this loop from above under the thread of the palm.

With the tips of the needles, the thread from the index finger is pulled through the loop of the thumb, the loop from the thumb is dropped and the thread is not pulled too tight (Fig. 204, B).

Double knitting set

Double knitting is typed on a colored thread, which is then removed. At the end of the yarn, a loop is formed into which a knitting needle is placed - a thread on the index finger.

Colored thread on the thumb. The needle is placed under colored thread, then grab the yarn from the index finger (Fig. 205, A).

Each next loop is dialed like this - first, a knitting needle is passed under the yarn on the index finger, then under the colored thread and a loop is drawn on the knitting needle from the yarn of the index finger (Fig. 205, B).

The first row is knitted as follows: 1 loop is removed without knitting (thread behind the knitting needle) and 1 loop is knitted with facial knit (Fig. 205, B).

In each subsequent row, the removed and front loops are interchanged (Fig. 205, D).

Basic loops

The arc around the spoke forms a loop (Fig. 206). The loop has front and back walls, and the lower arc between the two loops is called a broach. The simplest and the basis for other loops are front and back loops.

The front loop can be formed in two ways: knitting for the front or back wall. Knitting the front loop for the front wall is considered to be "classic". Usually in the literature, under the front loop, this is exactly the way of knitting that is meant, of course, if there is no reservation that this should be done differently.

front loop knit as follows: the right knitting needle is inserted into the loop in front of the front wall on the left knitting needle, the thread is grabbed under the knitting needle of the right hand and pulled through the loop. The new loop remains on the right needle (Fig. 207 A).

Purl loop , as well as the front, you can knit different ways. The right needle is inserted into the loop from right to left under the front wall. The thread is grabbed from above and pulled through the loop (Fig. 207, B), the new purl loop remains on the right knitting needle.

There are other ways of knitting front and back loops, but with them a pattern is formed well only from the front and back loops. When knitting other types of patterns, the loops lie in a different direction than with the "classic" method of knitting front and back loops.

flat knitting

Sweatshirts, jumpers, scarves, scarves and other products are knitted on two knitting needles, one row is knitted from right to left (front side of the product), and the other back (wrong side of the product). Therefore, if it is necessary to get the front surface, then they knit it with front loops, and back - the wrong side - with purl loops.

Figure 208 shows the front and back sides of knitting.

Cylindrical knitting

When knitting socks, mittens, skirts, jumpers on five or circular knitting needles, there are no reverse rows. When knitting on five knitting needles, first they pick up on two knitting needles together the same number of loops that are supposed to be knitted on one knitting needle, then pull one knitting needle out of the set, put them together again and dial them for the second knitting needle. Do the same with the third and fourth spokes. When the required number of loops is dialed on 4 knitting needles, they start knitting in a circle with the fifth knitting needle.

Beginning of knitting

Facial knitting forms a one-sided pattern. This knitting is also called hosiery, its front side - stockinette stitch, purl - purl stitch.

If the product starts with the front or wrong side, then in both cases the edge is wrapped on the front side. Therefore, the product usually starts with double sided pattern that doesn't curl.

If the product is supposed to be knitted with facial knitting, then the lower edge is knitted with cloves or purl loops.

1 way: 5-10 rows are knitted with a stitch, then one front row is knitted like this: 2 loops together with a front loop, 1 yarn over (the thread is placed on the knitting needle away from you, (Fig. 211). Then the same number of rows are knitted with the front stitch as it was before the openwork row. The chain of the set is cast on an additional knitting needle and the product is folded along the line of openwork (teeth).Before each loop, one loop of the chain of the set is placed on the knitting needle and knitted together with the front loop.Make sure that the loops coincide vertically, otherwise the edge of the product will be skewed.If desired, the edge you can not knit, but hem.

2 way: 5-10 rows are knitted with the front stitch, then one row on the front side is knitted with purl loops, then the same number of rows are knitted with the front stitch as it was before the wrong side. On the wrong side, the knitting is folded and tied or sewn in the same way as in the previous case. Then continue the front pattern.

Having learned to knit only two types of loops (front and back), you can master any type of knitting. First, the simplest, and then more complex patterns, you will find in the "Patterns" section.

Edge or edge loops

Edge loops do not participate in the rapport of the pattern. After counting the loops for the pattern, regardless of their number, two more loops are added, which serve only to form the edge.

The edge of the product can be knitted even (pigtail) and with knots.

Smooth edge (Fig. 209, A).

1st way. At the beginning of knitting a row, the edge loop is re-shot, while the working thread is in front of the knitting needle. The last edge loop is knitted front.

2nd way. At the beginning of knitting a row, the edge loop is re-shot, while the working thread is in front of the knitting needle. The last edge loop is purl-knitted.

Edge with knots (Fig. 209, B).

At the beginning of knitting a row, the edge loop is re-shot, while the working thread is behind the knitting needle. The last edge loop is knitted front.

Fastening loops

After the knitting of the product or sample is completed, the last row of open loops is fixed. You can do this in two ways.

1st way- using a knitting needle (Fig. 210). The edge first loop, as usual, is re-slipped onto the right knitting needle untied. The next loop is knitted with the front one, then the previous loop is pulled off with the end of the left knitting needle, and the right knitting needle is pulled through the front one. After that, the drawn loop is dropped and repeat all over again until the end of the row. The thread is cut off and pulled through the last loop, thereby securing the knitting.

2nd way- with a needle. Leave the end of the working thread about three times longer than the cloth to be closed and make it into the needle. The needle is passed into the extreme loop of the last row of loops from the front to the wrong side, then into the 2nd loop from the wrong side to the front and the working thread is pulled through these three loops. After that, the needle is inserted into the 1st loop from the front side to the wrong side and into the 3rd loop from the wrong side to the front, etc.

With this fastening of the loops, the last row stretches just as well as when fastening the loops with knitting needles, only pigtails do not form.

Types of loops and their conditional notation in pattern repeat

Facial loop (Fig. 2).

The end of the right knitting needle is inserted into the loop on the left knitting needle from left to right, grab the working thread behind the knitting needle and pull the loop towards you.

In the rapport of the pattern, write down: 1 front.

Facial crossed loop (Fig. 3).

The end of the right knitting needle is inserted into the loop on the left knitting needle from the right to the left, grab the working thread behind the knitting needle and pull the loop towards you.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 facial crossed.

Purl loop (Fig. 4).

The thread is thrown on the left knitting needle. The right needle is inserted under the working thread and into the loop from right to left, grab the working thread in front of the knitting needle and pull the loop away from you.

In the rapport of the pattern, write down: 1 Purl.

Purl crossed loop (Fig. 5).

The thread is thrown on the left knitting needle. The right knitting needle is inserted under the working thread and the loop on the left knitting needle from back to front from left to right away from you, grab the working thread in front of the knitting needle and pull the loop away from you.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 Purl crossed.

Two or more loops together front (Fig. 6).

The right knitting needle is made in two or more loops on the left knitting needle from left to right, grab the working thread behind the knitting needle and pull the loop towards you.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: 2 together with the front.

Two or more loops together with the front crossed loop (Fig. 7).

The right knitting needle is made in two or more loops on the left knitting needle from the right to the left, grab the working thread behind the knitting needle and pull the loop towards you.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: 2 together with the front crossed.

Two loops together, the first is turned (Fig. 8).

With the end of the right knitting needle, first turn the first loop on the left knitting needle, and then knit it like two loops together with the front crossed.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 2 together with the front, the first is turned.

Two or more loops together with a purl loop (Fig. 9).

The thread is thrown on the left knitting needle. The right knitting needle is inserted under the working thread into the loops on the left knitting needle from right to left, the working thread is grabbed in front of the knitting needle and the loop is pulled out.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: 2 together wrong side.

Two loops together with a purl crossed loop (Fig. 10).

The thread is thrown on the left knitting needle. The right knitting needle is inserted under the working thread into the loops on the left knitting needle from back to front from left to right towards itself, the working thread is grabbed in front of the knitting needle and the loop is pulled out.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: Two purl crossed together.

Three loops together, having previously swapped the second and first loops (Fig. 11).

With the help of an additional knitting needle, the second and first loops on the left knitting needle are interchanged so that the second becomes the first and, when knitting the loops, closes the edge ones together. Knit loops as with the front crossed.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 3 together, swap the second and first.

Nakid (Fig. 12).

The end of the right knitting needle grabs the working thread from top to right to left over. The loop thrown over the knitting needle is held with the index finger of the right hand, the next loop is knitted.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: nakid.

To form an openwork and add a loop in the next row, the yarn is tied with a front or back loop.

When knitting in the next row, the yarn is not formed with a front crossed or purl crossed loop, only a loop is added.

The yarn is reversed (Fig. 13).

The right knitting needle grabs the working thread from the bottom left to the right away from you. The loop thrown over the knitting needle is held with the index finger of the right hand, the next loop is knitted.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: reverse crochet.

To form an openwork in the next row, the yarns are knitted with a front crossed or purl crossed loop.

When knitting in the next row, the yarn over with the front or back loop does not form an openwork, only a loop is added.

Double crochet (Fig. 14).

Two yarn overs are made with the end of the right knitting needle. To add loops in the next row, knit the right yarn over with the front one, and the second one with the wrong loop.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 2 crochets.

Air loop (Fig. 15).

They form a loop from the working thread, throw it on the right knitting needle.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 air loop.

Loop from the underlying row (Fig. 16).

The end of the right knitting needle is inserted into a loop located one or more rows below the one being knitted, the working thread is grabbed and the loop is pulled out. The loops located above the newly formed loop, depending on the pattern, are discarded or knitted.

In the rapport of the pattern, write down: 1 front from the loop of the underlying row.

Loops from the gap between the loops of the underlying row (Fig. 17).

The end of the right needle is inserted under the horizontal thread between the loops of the underlying row, the working thread is grabbed and the loop is pulled out.

In the rapport of the pattern, write down: 1 front from the gap between the loops of the underlying row.

Two are knitted from one loop (Fig. 18).

The loop on the left knitting needle is knitted twice - once with the front, and the second with the wrong loop, after which it is dropped from the knitting needle.

First, knit the second loop of the front crossed behind the knitted pattern. Without removing it from the left knitting needle, knit the first loop with the front one, then discard the loops from the left knitting needle.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: First, the second loop behind the knitting needle, then the first.

Moving the loop with an inclination to the right (Fig. 21).

First, knit the second loop of the front (or purl) in front of the knitted pattern. Without removing it from the left knitting needle, knit the first loop of the front (or wrong side), then the loops from the left knitting needle are discarded.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: First, the second loop in front of the knitting needle, then the first.

Moving several loops with an inclination to the left (Fig. 22).

When moving several loops, the order of their knitting changes. The required number of loops is re-shot for additional. knitting needle and leave it in front of the knitted pattern. Then several loops are knitted in the usual way, after which loops are knitted with additional. spokes.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 2-3 loops are removed for additional. knitting needle in front of the pattern.

Moving several loops with an inclination to the right (Fig. 23).

Loops for moving are reshooted for additional. knitting needle and leave it behind the knitted pattern. Then the required number of loops is knitted from the left knitting needle, after which loops are knitted with additional. spokes.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 2 loops are removed for additional. knitting needle behind the pattern.

Elongated loop (Fig. 24 A and B).

If the loop is removed from the left knitting needle to the right knitting needle, then it will take two rows in height; if this loop is left untied in the next row, it will increase even more, i.e., it will stretch out. The working thread, depending on the pattern, will pass behind elongated loop or in front of her.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 loop is re-shot, the working thread behind the pattern (Fig. 24, a) or:

1 loop is re-shot, the working thread is in front of the pattern (Fig. 24, b).

If several loops are removed in a row and in several rows, then segments of thread are formed, which can serve as a decoration for the front side of the product. Then one of the loops of the previous row is knitted under the pieces of thread (Fig. 25).

In the rapport of the pattern, write down: 1 front (purl) under the pieces of thread.

An elongated loop with a crochet (Fig. 26).

They make a yarn over, and then the loop is re-knitted from the left knitting needle to the right. The working thread is on the needle along with the removed loop.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: yarn over, 1 loop is re-shot (Fig. 26 a).

In subsequent rows, depending on the pattern, you can reshoot the loop and yarn over unknitted, after making a yarn over.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 yarn over, yarn over and loop are re-shot (Fig. 26 b).

In subsequent rows, yarn over and loop are knitted.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 front together with crochets (Fig. 26, c).

Twisting loop (Fig. 27).

The right needle is directed to the gap between the loops on the left needle (for example, between the 3rd and 4th), grab the working thread from front to back and pull out a long loop. Depending on the pattern, it is knitted in the same row with the next loop or in the next row, while maintaining the dialed number of loops.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: they pull out a long loop from the gap between the 3rd and 4th loops.

Enlarged loops (Fig. 28).

The right knitting needle is directed into the loop and two or more turns (yokes) are made clockwise depending on the pattern, and then the loop is pulled out.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: 1 increased front loop with two crochets.

In the next row, the crochets are dropped, due to this the loop increases.

Loop stitches (Fig. 29).

With the right or left needle, depending on the slope of the stitch, they pick up the desired loop (according to the pattern, it can be enlarged, elongated, etc.), pull adjacent loops into it and throw it from the knitting needle to the loops. The thrown loop looks like a stitch.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write down: the first two are pulled into the 3rd loop.

In the descriptions of patterns, the knitting of the previous row is often repeated.

In the rapport of the pattern, they write: they knit according to the pattern. This means that they do knitting not as the rapport is written in the previous row, but as they see it when knitting a row, that is, if they see a loop being knitted with the front one, then they knit it with the front one, if it is wrong, then they knit it with the wrong one.

If there are yarns, but it is not indicated how to knit them, then they are knitted on the front side - front, on the wrong side - with a wrong loop.

Friends, today I want to show you how to dial loops with knitting needles for knitting gum 1 * 1. This technique is needed so that the edge of the canvas is not pulled together by a typesetting row. This may be of use to you…

We all knit things that start with elastic bands, for example, mittens, socks, hats ... and for various sweaters, usually the bottom of the product and the sleeves are also decorated with an elastic band.

Two of them will be ears. Bend them almost halfway and use a small part to attach the ear with a little glue. Wait for it to fix, then draw the ears. On the third cardboard bullet, put on a boot. If you have, you can use small paper.

Take a string of chenille and cut out five pieces. Another one is the tail, the other four are equal. If the watercolors are dry, use a thick needle to make five holes in which you will fix the limbs and tail. Attach the oysters and botisse and the monkey is ready.

And it often happens that this very gum turns out to be looser than the very beginning of knitting. Those. The elastic band stretches, but the bottom of the product does not.

Agree, this is not very good))) and sometimes you just need to know how to cast on loops with knitting needles so that the elastic is completely elastic, including the typesetting.

So, the method of casting loops that I will show you today solves this problem ... True, despite the fact that this technique is quite simple, you still have to practice.

Cork ballerina. Cork stopper, mobile gloves, red pebbles, two toothpicks, two large beads, two small ones, a piece of wire, a piece of polystyrene, cotton yarn, a piece of strong paper, a thick and strong needle. Of all the creatures that we had as a model, Iris chose a ballerina. It was fairly easy to do, but it turned out he needed help cutting out the plug and wire.

First, prepare your materials. Cut out the cork stopper with a piece no larger than one centimeter, which will be used for the head. Cut off toothpicks for the neck and arms. Add some glue to the cork and insert the diaper, then onto the bodice. We used chenille thread as a belt to make sure it didn't come loose. Use a thick needle to make the limbs and holes for the neck and secure them.

Let's get started...

How to dial loops with knitting needles for knitting gum 1 * 1

The first thing to remember is that this set of loops is made with thinner knitting needles than those with which the pattern is supposed to be knitted, otherwise the edge of the fabric will be loose and not beautiful. Personally, I usually do not use smaller needles, but simply cast on only one needle ...

On the net, this method of casting on knitting needles is often called Italian ... I'm not sure about the correctness of this statement, because. printed publications describe the Italian set somewhat differently ...

I myself learned about the method described in the article about twenty years ago, attending courses machine knitting... We had a good teacher, he was not limited only to the technique of machine knitting, but shared his experience "in full"

On this, let me take my leave ... Until we meet again!

And don't forget to leave your comment. Your opinion matters to me!

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Knitting is not only an interesting hobby, but also a way of psychological relaxation. In addition, this type of needlework can help decorate your appearance and your home.

History of knitting

Hand knitting is one of the most common types of needlework, known since antiquity. With its help, beautiful and comfortable things were created in all ages. When clothes began to be created with the help of machines, then hand knitting faded into the background. But this type of needlework has not completely disappeared. And now many needlewomen create a variety of products using hand knitting: socks, hats, sweaters, dresses, jackets. Hand knitting is so popular that magazines are now published dedicated to this type of needlework. These are “Sabrina”, Verena, “Mom knits”, “We knit ourselves” and others.

Knitting is not only a way to create beautiful things. Many needlewomen with its help get rid of internal stress and improve their state of mind. Let's try to understand the basics of knitting.

Selection of threads and knitting needles, knitting for beginners

If you want to start mastering hand knitting, then you first need to pick up knitting needles and threads for knitting. To start learning to knit, it is better for you to choose a mixed yarn of acrylic and wool and knitting needles, which are about one and a half times thicker than the thread. For knitting things such as sweaters, jackets, skirts, scarves, you will need knitting needles 35-45 centimeters long, which have plugs at the ends. If you want to knit socks, mittens and gloves, then five knitting needles 20 centimeters long each will come in handy. Pay attention to the fact that the knitting needles with which you knit are smooth, without roughness, then your canvas will turn out beautiful and neat.

How to dial loops on knitting needles

To start knitting a product or sample, you need to cast on the loops of the initial row. Loops are typed on two knitting needles folded together. This is done in order to make the loops in the initial row more elastic and easier to knit the next rows.

To cast on stitches correctly, you first need to put two needles together. Then, from a ball of thread, you need to unwind the thread about three times longer than the expected length of the product, and throw it on the index finger of your left hand. The thread will pass between the index and middle fingers of the left hand. You throw the second end of the thread on your thumb. Now, with knitting needles folded in half, hook the thread on the thumb and pull it through the thread located on the index finger. This is how the loops of the first row are obtained.

Set of loops for various products

Such a set of loops on the needles is suitable for knitting all products. Therefore, knitting any thing requires knowledge of that, but after you have the loops of the first row typed, you can act in different ways. So, if you knit a product on two knitting needles, then you simply take out one knitting needle and knit the second row with it, knitting the loops from the first row. If you knit a product on five knitting needles (say, socks), then after casting on two knitting needles, you then need to evenly distribute them on four knitting needles. For example, you cast on 60 loops and now you need to distribute them so that there are 15 loops on each of the four needles. In this case, you can then knit in a circle, you will get a round knitted fabric without seams. Usually socks and mittens are knitted in this way.

Types of loops. Facial loops

Knitwear is varied and beautiful. On their surface you can see various patterns. Creating patterns on a knitted fabric is possible by knitting loops in different ways.

If you already know how to cast on knitting needles, now you need to master knitting different types loops. Loops are front and back. The alternation of these types of loops makes it possible to knit the most different patterns. Front loops are knitted in two ways.

In the first method, you insert the right needle under the top loop on the left needle, from left to right. At this time your working thread lies on the index finger of the left hand. After you have entered the right knitting needle under the upper slice, you pick up the thread from your index finger with it and pull it through the loop lying on the knitting needle. The loop from the left knitting needle through which you pulled the thread is discarded, and the loop that you have turned out is put on the right knitting needle. You can knit the front loop in another way. In this case, you capture with the right knitting needle not the upper loop of the loop on the left knitting needle, but the lower one. The right needle is inserted into the middle of the loop on the left needle. Then a working thread is pulled through this loop from the index finger. The fabric connected with the front loops of the first type differs from the fabric connected with the front loops of the second type.

Types of loops. Purl loops

Purl loops are also of two types. The main difference between knit and purl stitches is that when knitting, your working thread is behind the needle, while when purl stitching, your working thread is in front of the knitting needle. When you knit the wrong loop in the first way, then insert the right knitting needle from right to left into the middle of the loop on the left knitting needle and grab the thread lying on the left knitting needle with it. The loop on the left needle is discarded, and a new loop is obtained on the right needle. In the second method of knitting the front loop, the right knitting needle goes from left to right under the back loop of the loop lying on the left knitting needle, grabs the working thread lying on the left knitting needle. The loop on the left needle is discarded, and a new loop is formed on the right needle. If you master knitting all these types of loops, then it will not be a problem for you to learn how to cast on an air loop.

How to calculate the number of loops to start knitting

When you are just planning to knit something, then you need to know how many loops you need to cast on the needles. Let's say you are interested in knitted socks. This problem is especially relevant in winter. You can find out how many loops to cast on socks in this way. You need to measure the circumference of the leg at the ankle with a centimeter. Then you need to tie the sample. That is, 10-20 loops are typed on the knitting needles and then a small square about five centimeters high is knitted. This sample then needs to be washed and dried. Then its width is measured in centimeters. The number of stitches in the cast-on row is divided by the width in centimeters, and you will find out how many stitches there will be in a centimeter. Multiplying the number of stitches in centimeters by the circumference of the leg in centimeters will give you the number of stitches you need to start knitting.

Knitting patterns

So, now we know how to dial loops on the knitting needles and how to calculate the number of loops to start knitting. How now to learn to knit beautiful fabrics?

There are knitting patterns for this. The central concept in these schemes is rapport. Rapport is that part of the pattern that is periodically repeated. The diagram shows cells, each cell represents a loop. Facial loops can be indicated by white cells, and purl loops by black cells. Or vice versa. Edge loops or loops of the first row are not indicated on the diagrams.

If you already know how to cast on knitting needles, then you should learn how to read knitting patterns. Usually, all front and back loops are knitted in the first way, unless something else is indicated. And often the diagrams show only the front rows (odd). It is understood that in this case even rows will be knitted as the loops look. That is, facial loops will be knitted over the front loops, and purl loops will be knitted over the wrong ones. Yarns in even rows are knitted in purl stitches.

If you haven’t knitted before, but really want to learn, it’s never too late to do it. Let's learn to knit.

How to cast on loops on knitting needles - a method from one thread "Air loops"

Depending on how you cast on the knitting needles, this will be the edge of the finished product: thin and hard, thick and elastic, or with a fringe.

The Air Loop method is very simple:

• We take woolen or semi-woolen threads of medium thickness and 2 knitting needles with a diameter of 3.5-5 mm.
• To cast on loops, we put the knitting needles together, take them in the right hand, we tie the end of the thread 1 time on the knitting needles closer to the edge.
• The thread is in our left hand, looped over the thumb.
• We pass both knitting needles into the loop, drop it from the finger and tighten the loop. Then we throw the loop over again and tighten it on the knitting needle. So we collect the remaining loops. The method is characterized by the fact that the edge of the product will be tightening and thin. If you have not knitted before, you can knit a sample first.
• We scored loops, now we begin to knit.
• We pull out one knitting needle from the typed loops (the other knitting needle remains with the loops), and we begin to knit the loops: front and back. If you alternate one facial and one purl (you can have two facial and purl) - you get an elastic band. With it, most sweaters usually begin to knit.
• If you pick up loops on two knitting needles, and then pull one out, the loops will be loose and it will be easier to knit the first row, since it is the most difficult.

How to cast on knitting needles - a method of two threads "Double"

According to this method, it is more difficult to dial loops on knitting needles than according to the first one.

• For it, we unwind the thread and calculate its length, depending on the width of the finished product: for 1 loop, 3.5 cm of thread will be required. For example, for a sample of 10 loops, you need 35 cm of thread, plus another 3-4 cm should be free thread.
• We will prepare woolen or semi-woolen threads for knitting of medium thickness.
• We take 2 knitting needles, folded together, in the right hand.
• We mentally divide the measured thread in half (you cannot tear it off the ball).
• We throw the middle of the thread on 2 fingers: the thumb with the index finger, of the left hand.
• Both threads descending from two fingers are pressed with three free fingers.
• Raise the thread between two fingers with knitting needles and pull.
• We introduce the knitting needles with a thread on them under the thread near the thumb, grab the thread near the index finger and bring it out.
• We throw off the yarn from the thumb, tighten the loop on the knitting needles. We have 2 loops.
• We continue to dial loops further. To do this, we throw the thread again on the thumb (the thread was not dropped from the index finger) and then we collect 1 loop.
• To create a loop, you need to do 5 manipulations: insert the knitting needles under the yarn on the thumb, grab the yarn near the index finger, pull it out, discard the yarn from the thumb, tighten it.
• So we collect as many loops as we need for the front or back bar.
• We take out one knitting needle, shift the knitting needle with cast-on loops to left hand and knit the first row with the right hand.

Any knitting starts with simple reception- a set of loops on the knitting needles. There are many options for a set of loops, which in successful combination with a knitting pattern, make your product especially attractive, I suggest you learn twelve ways to cast on loops. The choice of a set of loops should correspond to the type and purpose of the main knitting. For example, for knitting an elastic band (it is understood that the edge must be elastic so that the elastic band stretches well, while the edge must keep its shape, and, of course, be attractive), method No. 3 and No. 5, No. 8 is suitable. I tried in each form a set of loops to indicate which type of knitting it is most suitable for.

So, let's start with the basics. Any set of loops begins with the first loop, which is knitted in the same way in almost all types. To begin with, you need to take a comfortable body position: bend your arms at the elbows and hold them freely, without tension. The most convenient position, when the ball is at the bottom, so that it does not roll, it is advisable to place it in a box. To do this, the thread from the ball is taken in the left palm. The length of the hanging end of the thread should be approximately twice the width of the intended fabric for which loops are being cast.

Hold the working end of the thread in the palm of your left hand, the thread passes along the index finger and loops around the thumb. The threads are held in the palm of your hand, and the thumb and forefinger are taken to the sides under the loop, then they grab the thread with three fingers:

Then, when casting on the initial row, two knitting needles are folded together, their ends are inserted into the loop on the thumb, the thread lying on the index finger is grabbed, and it is pulled into the loop on the thumb. After that, the knitted loop is removed from the thumb:


So, we completed the first loop! Congratulations!

Methods of sets of loops:

Traditional (simple) set

Fringed buttonhole set

"Bulgarian Beginning"

"Air" set of loops

"Turkish" set of loops- 2 ways

Openwork set of loops

Set of loops from the center

Traditional (simple) set

The traditional cast on is the most common type of cast on when knitting. It can be used at the beginning of knitting any product. With this method, after a set of loops, from the very first row, you can start knitting the fabric with the selected pattern.

To do this, the thread from the ball is taken in the left palm. The length of the hanging end of the thread should be approximately twice the width of the intended fabric for which the loops are gaining.

Two knitting needles, folded together, are inserted into the loop on the thumb, pick up the thread lying on the index finger, and pull it into the loop on the thumb. After that, they drop the loop from the thumb and help these and forefingers tighten the loop formed on the knitting needle.

Holding the index finger of the right hand, the resulting loop is lowered by the knitting needles down towards themselves. Then perform the same movements as in the formation of the first. There will already be two loops on the knitting needles. The following loops are performed in the same way as the second.

To prevent the lower chain from twisting around the knitting needles, each new loop is held with the index finger of the right hand.
This is what a traditional set looks like!

Decorative buttonhole set with thickened edge

In this set of loops, the edge of the fabric is cord-shaped, giving the impression of a decorative edge. This version of the set can be used when knitting mohair products - to strengthen the bottom edge knitted fabric.

After a set of loops from the first row, you can begin to knit the fabric with the selected pattern. So, the loops of the initial row are formed from the main thread, and the lower chain is formed from a thick, double (it can also be tripled) thread.

In order to make the thread twice as thick, the main end from the ball is folded in half.

On the fingers of the left hand, the threads are arranged so that the main one is on the index finger, the thick one is on the thumb, and the loop A is between the index and thumbs(b).

Two knitting needles, folded together, are inserted into loop A under the main thread (c). Loop A and the main thread on the needles - the first loop of the set. Holding it with the index finger of the right hand, lower the knitting needles down towards themselves. Next, a set of loops is performed in the traditional way (d).

If you make such a set with a triple thread, there is one secret, how to knit with a triple thread from one ball :

We fold the thread three times (photo 1). When knitting, we hold the thread so that the loop formed during folding is always in the direction of the end of the knitting needle. When we knit until the moment at which the loop remains very small and the triple thread ends, we pull the thread from the ball into the remaining loop, as shown in photo 4, and continue to knit further. The essence of this trick is that you do not need to wind three threads into one ball, or, even worse, knit from three balls, but you can knit from one ball, and as many as we need!

a decorative set of loops with a thickened edge looks like this:

Loop-to-loop set - non-elastic

Such an edge does not stretch, it keeps its shape well. It can be used to start knitting, and for group increase in loops, as well as for sewing buttonholes. After a set of loops from the first row, you can knit the fabric with the selected pattern.
As in the previous method, the free end of the thread here serves to form only the first loop, which is made with one knitting needle in the traditional way. Then the knitting needle with the loop is left in the right hand, and the free knitting needle is taken in the left hand.

A working thread is thrown over the left knitting needle, with the right knitting needle they grab the thread behind the left knitting needle and pull it into the loop located on the right knitting needle (b). The first loop has formed on the left needle.

Thread the yarn over the left needle again and pull it through the loop on the right needle.

The required number of loops is cast on the left knitting needle, while on the right knitting needle there will always be one loop, which should be relatively long so that it is easy to pull the thread through it. At the end of the set, the loop from the right knitting needle is transferred to the left knitting needle.

This is what the set looks like:


The edge of the product (pigtail) made with such a set looks very neat and decorative. Further processing of the edge is not required.

Fringed buttonhole set

The edge with a fringe is used for knitting mittens, scarves, trimmings for children's and women's products. After a set of loops from the first row, you can knit the fabric with the selected pattern.

Dial two loops as in the formation of a thickened edge, then for the fringe make 2-3 turns with a thickened thread. So alternate, making turns after each pair of loops. Finish the set with two loops. To form a fringe, one row is knitted: each loop is knitted with facial knitting, and the crochets are dropped from the left knitting needle (the fringe is obtained from them).

Italian stitch set with scrap yarn

Italian cast on is a type of cast on where the edge remains elastic but looks flawless, ideal for 1 x 1 ribbing (=alternate knit 1, purl 1) and patent patterns.

So, for work, we need the main thread [the thread that knits the product (pictured white color)], auxiliary thread [can be a regular thread of a contrasting color, but I prefer to knit with an elastic thread (pink) and do not remove it], knitting needles in 2 sizes.

Important: the initial row and the next 4 rows are made with thinner knitting needles - a full size less than those with which the main fabric is knitted. First, perform the first loop, as when casting on the main method (Fig. 1. A, B, C, D).

1. Circle the working thread around the index finger of the right hand. Auxiliary thread (the length of the auxiliary thread is twice the width knitted details finished) lay around the thumb of the left hand. Hold the ends of the thread with your right hand.

If it’s too difficult, you can make it easier: we take two threads (auxiliary and main) and tie on the right knitting needle with ONE knot, but so that it can then be moved along the knitting needle and subsequently untied.


2. Next, we perform the following steps in the indicated order until the desired number of loops is reached:
A. Lay the auxiliary thread in front of the knitting needle, bring the knitting needle under the auxiliary thread and pick up the main thread in the direction of the arrow;
B. Bring the knitting needle under the auxiliary thread and grab the main thread in the direction of the arrow.
We turn, we got the following.

3. We begin to knit the loops of the initial row in the following sequence:

A. The loop in front of the auxiliary thread is knitted with the front;
B. The loop behind the auxiliary thread is removed, while the working thread is pulled in front of the loop.


4. In the next two rows, knit the front loops with the front loops, remove the purl loops, as with purl knitting, while stretching the thread in front of the loops.

5. Then we switch to thicker knitting needles and continue to work with the appropriate pattern. Auxiliary thread (if it was just a thread of a contrasting color, you can remove it, if the thread is an elastic band, pull it up to the desired length and the second end of the thread, on the first (as you remember, there is already a knot) if we knit on circular knitting needles, untie the knot, pull the thread , tie the threads together):

As a result, we got it (option on circular knitting needles)

Loop-loop set - elastic

The edge formed in this way stretches well, so it can be used both to start knitting and to add a large number loops in a row, to expand the canvas.

After a set of loops from the first row, you can start knitting the part with the selected pattern.
It is usually difficult to establish the length of the end of the thread for the set. In this embodiment, the free end of the thread is needed to form only the first loop, which is made with one knitting needle in the traditional way.

Then the knitting needle with the loop is taken in the left hand, and the free knitting needle in the right. Knit a loop with facial knit and leave it on the left knitting needle (Fig. a).
The newly elongated loop is also put on the left knitting needle (Fig. b).


There are two loops on the left needle. Knit the second stitch in st and leave it on the left needle.
The newly elongated loop is again put on the left knitting needle. And so they continue to gain the required number of loops.




This method is very convenient for beginner needlewomen, as it does not require calculating the length of the auxiliary thread and is very simple to perform.

"Bulgarian Beginning"

It is also called the "cruciform set". The edge of the product typed in this way looks very impressive. This set of stitches is well suited for 2x2 ribbing.
A relief edge is formed due to a set of loops and the first three rows. They begin to knit with a conceived pattern after completing three rows of edges.
Cast on two loops on the needles in the usual way, but with a thickened edge.


To cast on the third loop and all subsequent odd loops, change the location of the thickened thread on the thumb and insert two knitting needles under the thickened thread on the inside of the thumb (Fig. 2). Dial even loops according to fig. 1. Thus, changing the location of the thickened thread on the thumb, dial an even number of loops.

The loops with this set are arranged in pairs, with the exception of the edge ones. Remove one knitting needle from the loops and knit one row of purl loops with a single thread, knitting each double loop separately. Next, knit the front row of the selected pattern.

This is what the “Bulgarian beginning” looks like.

"Air" set of loops

This method of casting on loops is used to obtain a thin edge in products, to add loops in groups at the edge of the fabric and when knitting some patterns.

In your right hand, take one knitting needle and a thread from a ball. Passing the thread between the middle and ring fingers of the left hand, throw the loop over the thumb in a clockwise direction. A set of loops is made by sequentially removing the loops from the thumb on one knitting needle. When picking up loops on the knitting needle, do not tighten the thread too much, as this will interfere with the knitting of the loops.

Stitch set with additional thread (with open loops)

This edge of the gum appearance resembles a set of loops made on knitting machine. The bottom of products and sleeves, decorated with this edge, is more durable to wear, stretches well, and is beautiful.

For dialing, an additional thread of a contrasting color is used, which will be removed later.
So that the edge is not stretched, a set of loops is made with one knitting needle.

The ends of the main and additional threads are folded together and tied with a knot. One needle is inserted into the knot under the main thread.
The threads are placed on the fingers of the left hand so that the main thread is on the index finger, and the additional thread is on the thumb (light thread).

The loops are cast in the traditional way, with the loops on the needle obtained from the main thread, and the lower chain from the additional thread.

Having typed the required number of loops, the additional thread is cut off.

If open loops are needed along the edge of the part, then from the very first row they begin to knit with the intended pattern, and when the part is ready, an additional thread is woven from the set row.

If, after the set, an elastic band 1x1 is knitted, then the first two rows are knitted with a double elastic band:
1st row - one front loop, remove the next one not knitted (the thread passes in front of the removed loop), etc .;
2nd row - the loops removed in the previous row are knitted with the front, and the knitted ones are removed (the thread passes in front of the removed loop), etc .; starting from the 3rd row - elastic band 1x1.

When the elastic is tied, an additional thread is woven from the set.

It turned out a perfect, round edge, like on a knitting machine!

"Turkish" set of loops

An edge with open loops is used if it is necessary to continue knitting in the opposite direction. The set is made with two knitting needles of the same thickness, one of which - the lower one - with a fishing line.
The thread is placed on the fingers of the left hand in the same way as in the 1st method. One knitting needle (without fishing line) is taken in the right hand and the first loop is made. Next, two knitting needles are taken in the right hand: one with a loop and one - the lower one - with a fishing line.

The thread from the index finger is passed between the knitting needles towards you, and then placed on the lower knitting needle.

The thread from the thumb is passed between the knitting needles towards you and placed on the upper knitting needle.

So they alternate. With the correct set on the needles, one knitted row should form.

When all the loops are dialed, the lower knitting needle is pulled out, while the lower loops remain on the fishing line. On the upper loops knit with the selected pattern.

For training, you can take threads of two colors; with the correct set on the lower and upper knitting needles, loops of different colors are obtained.

There are more easy option the same set :

We need two to work. circular knitting needles on the line of one number.
We tie a loop on the lower knitting needle. We will need it so that in the future the thread will be kept on the knitting needles.

We put both knitting needles together and begin to make thread turns around them.

How many turns we make, so many loops will be on one knitting needle. Since we will knit in both directions, we will get, for example, with 15 turns - 15 loops on the upper knitting needle and 15 loops on the lower knitting needle.

We pull out the lower knitting needle so that the coils remain on the fishing line for the time being. This is done so that we can knit the turns with facial loops on the upper knitting needle.

We knit the turns from the upper knitting needle with facial loops.

It turned out 15 facial loops.

Now the thread is at the end of the upper needle, BUT at the beginning of the lower one. That is, we turn the knitting from top to bottom, and begin to knit the turns from the lower knitting needle with front loops.

Repeat steps D and F until the desired size of the canvas.

As you can see, there is no seam, the canvas is evenly distributed in both directions.

This method is very convenient if you need to make a double edge. To do this, we fold the resulting fabric in half, transfer the first loop of the front knitting needle to the back knitting needle and knit 2 loops together.
Also, this set can be used when knitting socks from a sock or mittens from fingers. Or with double-sided knitting!

Openwork set of loops

This set of loops is used to decorate children's and women's products.
For this set, a thin needle and a crochet hook of uniform thickness are used. The thinner the needle and hook, the smaller the scallops will be.
After a set of loops from the first row, they begin to knit the fabric with the selected pattern.

The knitting needle and crochet hook are taken in the right hand so that the hook is head up and slightly further than the knitting needle. Dial 8 air loops using the loop on the thumb of the left hand.

The 9th loop is recruited only on the hook.

Then, holding the loops on the knitting needle with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, they drag the hook and loop through them, thus knitting all eight loops.

The needle is carefully removed and threaded through the first and last loops of the scallop.

Before each new festoon, the knitting needle and the hook are again put together.

Further, when knitting the 1st row with the selected pattern in the middle of each scallop, one or two loops are added (with crochets).
In the middle of very small scallops, loops can be omitted.

Set of loops from the center

You can dial loops in two ways:
You can do this with 2 needles, then distribute the cast-on stitches on 4 needles, because. this set is usually used for knitting napkins on knitting needles, and this will require a set of stocking needles (5 double-sided knitting needles).

But such a set looks better and neater if it is done in the following way:

To work, we need a hook and a set of stocking needles of the same size.
Form a ring, as for knitting air loops, then pull the thread through it and tie a single crochet.

As many single crochets are knitted into the ring as indicated in the product description (let's say 12 loops).

At the same time, together with the loops, knit the remaining end of the thread, so the ring will be denser, and the “tail” of the thread will already be tied into the product, pull the ring with the end of the thread so that the hole in the middle disappears.

Close the ring with a connecting post.

Crochet through the front thread of the single crochet one loop at a time and transfer them to the knitting needle.

First, distribute the cast-on number of loops on three knitting needles. The number of stitches on each needle may not be the same.

First, one row is knitted with facial crossed (grandmother's) loops, which are quite dense. When distributing loops on 4 knitting needles, knitting is not stretched.

For example, a blouse that is knitted from two parts-napkins, which, in turn, are knitted from the center. Or a hat tied at the top.