home » He and she » Residual urine in the bladder treatment in a child. Bladder and its diseases Treatment of residual urine in the urinary

Residual urine in the bladder treatment in a child. Bladder and its diseases Treatment of residual urine in the urinary

Residual urine is important criterion, which determines the presence of pathological changes in the lower urinary tract. In a healthy body in the cavity of the bladder after the act of urination, the residual urine should not exceed 10% of the total volume of urine. Determining the amount of residual urine in the bladder is of great diagnostic value in a number of pathologies, usually requiring immediate treatment.

Mechanism of urination

The act of urination (innervation) is a combination of the work of the muscular layer (detrusor) of the bladder, which, by contracting, ensures the removal of fluid, and the sphincters of the urethra, which regulate the retention of urine in the process of its accumulation until the desire to perform the act of urination arises.

Depending on the development of pathological changes in any of the structural elements urinary tract, responsible for the removal of urine, various disorders occur, leading to damage to the detrusor of the bladder, followed by the development of atrophy and, accordingly, the inability to contract sufficiently.

Important! Although a urine volume greater than 50 ml is of clinical importance, the maximum residual quantity may exceed 1 litre.

Table: Permissible residual urine volume by age

Causes

All the causes that cause the appearance of residual urine can be divided into several groups:

neurological nature;
inflammatory and infectious;
obstructive;
independent pathologies (diverticulum, urethral stricture).

Neurological disorders

Neurological disorders are always associated with a malfunction of that part of the nervous system that is responsible for three functions of the bladder:

reservoir (a function that ensures the accumulation of urine in the cavity of the bladder);
evacuation (a function that contributes to the removal of urine);
valve (a function that allows you to keep a certain amount of urine in the bladder).

The defeat of any level of the nervous system - from the nerve endings located on the inner surface of the bladder, and ending with disorders in the brain, can lead to a number of abnormalities, including hyperfunction of the urethral sphincter. As a rule, the cause of the development of this pathology is damage to the spinal cord due to:

tumor formations;
intervertebral hernia;
spinal injury;
congenital pathology of the central nervous system (observed, as a rule, in a child).

Due to the difficulties that arise during urination, even with a full bladder, atony of the muscle layer develops, which, under constant pressure, loses the ability to contract and push out the liquid, accumulating a large amount of residual urine.

Treatment of a neurogenic bladder consists in psychological, physical and drug methods of exposure:

correction of the behavioral lifestyle (regulate the mode of drinking and urination);
stimulation of urination by massaging the back area;
physiotherapy;
drug effect on weakening the tone of the sphincter;
drugs that regulate the work of the central nervous system;
physiotherapy.

Plexus of nerve endings in the lumbosacral region stimulates the process of urination

Inflammatory and infectious processes

As a rule, the role of inflammatory diseases in the formation of residual urine is the formation of urethral edema or sphincter spasm, due to soreness and tissue irritation. A similar reaction can be observed with cystitis, balanitis and urethritis. A separate place among inflammatory diseases that form a persistent violation of urination is occupied by inflammation of the prostate in men.

Enlargement of the prostate gland, due to an inflammatory process or the formation of a benign (prostatic hyperplasia) or malignant (prostate cancer) neoplasm, causes, at the initial stages of the development of the disease, minor urination disorders, subsequently leading to more pronounced:

increased urge to go to the toilet;
intermittency of the jet during urination;
the need for tension of the press and straining for complete emptying of the bladder cavity;
feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Important! With a timely visit to a doctor, prostate adenoma is successfully treated with a complex effect of medications and physiotherapy procedures, and allows you to return to normal life.

Enlargement of the prostate towards the bladder, creating an obstruction to the outflow of urine

Obstruction of the urinary tract

The presence of stones in the bladder is one of the most common causes of residual urine. Cystoliosis occurs with equal frequency in both men and women. Only the mechanism of calculus formation differs - the formation of calculi directly in the cavity of the bladder is inherent in the male body, and the migration of stones from the kidneys is inherent in the female body.

The reasons for the formation of stones can be internal or external factors of influence:

chronic infectious diseases of the urinary tract;
violation of metabolic processes;
improper diet;
sedentary lifestyle;
work in hazardous industries;
improper drinking regime.

In addition to the main signs of the formation of residual urine, with cystoliosis, pain is noted in the lower abdomen with irradiation to the groin, scrotum, or perineum. Also a characteristic feature is a sharp interruption of a full-fledged jet during urination. Treatment consists in the elimination of stones with medications or lithotripsy, followed by their removal in a natural way.

Important! Therapy with stone-destroying drugs helps to dissolve stones in the kidneys and bladder within 2-6 months, but has a lot of side effects.

Canephron prevents the formation of calculi and has a minimum of contraindications

diverticulum

A diverticulum is a sac-like cavity formed from the wall of the bladder. There are two types of diverticula - true and false. A true diverticulum consists of the mucosal and muscular layer of the bladder tissue and is usually a congenital anomaly.

A false diverticulum (acquired) develops due to an increase in intravesical pressure that occurs against the background of pathological conditions accompanied by difficulty urinating and systematic incomplete emptying of the bladder. Due to the high pressure of the fluid, atrophy of the muscle layer develops, the destroyed fibers diverge, and the mucous membrane protrudes into the abdominal cavity under pressure.

The main difference between a false diverticulum and a true diverticulum is the absence of muscle fibers in the structure of its wall. The main clinical sign of a diverticulum is double urination with the appearance of cloudy urine.

Treatment consists, first of all, in the elimination of the causes that cause increased intravesical pressure (in case the diverticulum is acquired) and the subsequent surgical removal of the deformity.

Urethral stricture

Pathological narrowing of the urethra is called urethral stricture. Metaplasia of the tissues of the urethral mucosa can be caused by various causes that cause damage of varying severity:

thermal or chemical burns of the urethra;
inflammatory processes (cystitis, urethritis);
injuries or bruises of the perineum;
injury to the mucosa during the installation of the catheter;
congenital pathologies of the urinary tract.

Due to the replacement of damaged cells with mucous connective tissue, scarring occurs, which significantly complicates the process of urination, as a result of which urine remains in the bladder.

Urethral stricture on x-ray

Signs and complications

The urine that remains after urination in the cavity of the bladder not only delivers a large amount of discomfort, but is itself an alarming symptom, the severity of which directly depends on its quantity.

Residual urine is an important clinical sign, as it leads to dysfunction of the upper urinary tract and is a consequence of pathological processes leading to functional disorders of the bladder.

The main symptoms that accompany excess residual urine are:

increased urge to urinate;
weak or intermittent jet;
the need to tighten the abdominal muscles in order to start the process of urination or prevent its interruption;
inflammatory processes in the urinary tract.

In the absence of timely treatment, the risk of developing inflammatory processes, since stagnation creates a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic microflora and the formation of stones. Violation of the outflow of urine can also lead to the development of hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis and renal failure.

In the treatment of acute urinary retention, it is removed with a rubber catheter.

Diagnostics

Determining the presence and amount of residual urine is the main purpose of the examination, which includes asking the patient for clinically significant symptoms. Further, instrumental research methods are carried out, the list of which includes:

study of the dynamics of changes in the pressure of the jet during urination (urofluometry);
orthostatic urine test;
measurement of pressure in the bladder at different moments of urination (cystometry);
assessment of the contractility of the muscle layer of the bladder walls (electromyography);
study of the functional state of sphincters and urethra (urethroprofilometry);
Ultrasound of the bladder before and after urination;
Ultrasound of the prostate.

Laboratory research methods:

clinical analysis of urine (determination of the presence of bacteria, proteins and nitrogen in the urine);
clinical blood test;
determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

A reliable method for determining the amount of residual urine is the method of direct catheterization. But due to the difficulties associated with its implementation (invasiveness, risk of damage to the urethra, provocation of inflammatory processes), the assessment of the amount of residual urine is mainly carried out using ultrasound.

The diagnostic technique consists of two stages:

Ultrasound of a full bladder.
Ultrasound performed 10 minutes after urination.

At the same time, the dimensions of the three-dimensional image of the bladder and the length of its ultrasound shadow are estimated using mathematical formulas.

Important! In case of suspicion of the presence of prostatic hyperplasia in men, the most informative diagnostic method is transrectal ultrasound.

Transrectal ultrasound technique

Since residual urine is only a symptom, the restoration of bladder detrusor function consists in treating the underlying disease and regularly removing urine using stimulating methods (washing with warm water, massage of the sacral spine, use of antispasmodics).

A positive effect can be achieved by applying methods that improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs (aerobic physical exercise, walking, breathing exercises), removing inflammation, reducing the amount of fluid consumed at bedtime. In the vast majority, with a timely visit to a doctor, the tone of the muscle wall can be restored without the use of surgical methods of treatment.

The amount of urine that remains in the human body after urination is called residual urine. Regardless of age, this is considered a deviation. Urine retention may be complete or incomplete. In the first case, the patient feels the urge to go to the toilet, but cannot do it. Sometimes for several years emptying occurs only with the help of a catheter. With incomplete retention, urination occurs, but not completely. Residual urine in the bladder often provokes the formation of stones and the development of inflammation. Lack of treatment is unacceptable. After all, each time the disease progresses, the level of residual urine is constantly growing, the bladder begins to stretch, pain appears, and at the end - urinary incontinence.

The rate of residual urine in the bladder: men, women, children

The rate of residual urine for men and women is 30-40 ml. The critical figure is 50 ml. This means that the normal outflow of urine is disturbed in a person, and diseases develop. As for the norms of residual urine for a child, they are as follows:

in newborns 2-3 ml;
in babies up to a year 3-5 ml;
in children 1-4 years old, this rate is 7-10 ml;
4-10 years - 7-10 ml;
10-14 years - 20 ml;
for adolescents under 14 years old, the norm is no more than 40 ml.

Reasons for the increase

Residual urine may be due to a large number reasons. In general, they are divided into three groups:

obstructive;
inflammatory and infectious;
neurological.

Uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts in women can prevent urine from leaving the body.

Obstructive disease is considered to be a health problem that prevents urine from leaving the body. For example, stones, tumors, polyps, prostate adenoma in men, uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts in women, as well as narrowing and soldering of the urinary canals. Swelling of the urethra and contraction of the muscles of the bladder, which occur due to inflammatory infectious diseases, also lead to urinary retention. So, the prostate, cystitis, urethritis provoke the occurrence of residual urine.

The last group of reasons include the loss of the central nervous system urinary control. In such cases, the bubble itself is healthy, and the problem lies in the muscles of the organ or sphincter, which stop contracting at the right time. The causes of this state of the body are often sclerosis, injuries of the spinal cord and brain, congenital pathologies of the central nervous system, and diseases of the spine. The fact is that antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, diuretics, hormonal drugs, drugs for Parkinson's disease, as well as some painkillers negatively affect the tone of the organ.

Symptoms of residual urine after urination

When you leave the toilet, but you have the feeling that there is still urine left inside - the first wake-up call and symptom of bladder disease. Also, symptoms include unstable or intermittent flow of urine, or when it comes out in drops. In addition, the presence of such a symptom as a continuous process of urination after tension in the muscles of the abdominal wall also determines health problems.

Doctors associate other symptoms with diseases that provoke the appearance of final urine. So urolithiasis is characterized by frequent urination, pain in the area of the bladder, the appearance of blood in the urine. And also when urinating, patients experience itching and burning. The pain usually gets worse after exercise or hard work.

With a prostate, men suffer from pain in the groin and disorders of sexual function. And pyelonephritis leads to lower back pain, a sharp increase in body temperature to 37.5-38 degrees, and there is also a feeling of general fatigue. Cystitis also causes frequent urination, sharp pains in the lower abdomen. During urination, itching and burning occurs. And also over a long period of time, the temperature rises to 37.1-38 degrees.

Diagnosis: how to determine the amount of residual urine?

This deviation is dangerous because at the first stage of development it does not have pronounced symptoms. This contributes to the progression of the disease and it goes into a more severe stage. At the second stage, the manifestations are already more pronounced. But even now they can be confused with the common cold, as it is chills, fever, back pain. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the determination of the residual volume of urine. If it exceeds the norm, then this is the first symptom of the disease.

Urine analysis in combination with other diagnostic methods will help determine the pathology.

Determination of residual urine is a rather complicated process and consists of a set of measures:

laboratory diagnostics;
urological research;
neurological research.

So, first of all, in order to determine the volume of residual urine (OOM), it is necessary to conduct clinical blood tests, urine tests and an analysis for bacteriological urine culture. The next step is an ultrasound of the bladder, prostate, uterus and ovaries. In addition, if necessary, the patient has to undergo a cystoscopy and urodynamic study. Cystoscopy is considered the most effective, but it is also known for its harm. Therefore, doctors prescribe this procedure only in extreme cases.

Also, the definition of OOM is carried out using ultrasound. It is carried out twice. The first time with a full bladder, and then 5-10 minutes after urinating. The amount of liquid is determined by a special formula. The height, width and length of the bubble are taken into account. In order for the OOM result to be accurate, the procedure is carried out 3 times.

Among all the diseases that men suffer from, a special place is occupied by the pathology of the genitourinary system. It includes a whole group of diseases with similar symptoms. Very often, men are concerned about such a symptom as a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. This indicates that there is residual urine in the bladder. This is not the norm for a healthy male body. Residual urine can accumulate under normal conditions, but its volume is insignificant (about 50 ml). In diseases of the genitourinary system, the amount of unextracted urine can reach more than a liter. It is important that such a symptom develops slowly.

Further, this can lead to complications: the development of pyelonephritis as a result of the reverse throwing of urine, diverticula, hydronephrosis and chronic cystitis. Often, incomplete emptying occurs due to both damage to the organ itself or a violation of its innervation, and as a result of difficulty in the outflow of urine. In this or that case, when the first signs of urinary retention appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Let us consider in detail the diseases in which residual urine is formed in men, the causes of this symptom, concomitant signs.

Causes of Residual Urine

In men, this disease can provoke a variety of diseases. These include cystitis in acute or chronic form, neurogenic bladder, inflammation of the urethra, inflammation of the prostate gland, prostate adenoma, narrowing of the lumen of the urethra, cystolithiasis (bladder stones), small bladder. An important role is played by diseases of the peripheral nervous system, in which the innervation of the pelvic organs is disturbed. In men, residual urine may occur with atony or decreased bladder tone.

It must be remembered that this is a muscular organ, while its contractility is sharply disturbed. Similar disorders occur with spinal cord injuries, radiculopathy, multiple sclerosis and other pathological conditions. Complicated endocrine diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus in men, can be the cause of innervation disorders. Other causes that lead to irritation of the bladder include enterocolitis, appendicitis.

Causes and symptoms of cystitis

Stagnant urine can be observed with a disease such as cystitis. It is primary and secondary. In the first case, it develops against the background of infection entering the organ. Secondary cystitis develops against the background of diseases of other organs of the genitourinary system, it can be their complication. Most often, inflammation is formed against the background of the introduction of various bacteria, viruses, fungi. The most important is Escherichia coli. It is important that it is much less common than in women. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the urinary tract. Hypothermia, traumatic damage to the mucous membrane, for example, in the presence of stones, blood stasis contributes to the development of cystitis.

In men, cystitis can cause the most different symptoms. The most common is pollakiuria (increased urine output), pain, stinging or burning in the urethra. Men have pain when passing urine. Common symptoms are also characteristic, such as weakness, malaise, fever.

With cystitis, the indicators of the urine itself change. It becomes cloudy, this is not the norm for healthy men. In some cases, it contains an admixture of blood. An important symptom is a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. With cystitis, patients accumulate residual urine.

Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis

Male patients with cystitis should be referred for examinations. Diagnosis of this pathology includes the collection of anamnesis and complaints of the patient, external examination, palpation. Of great importance are the data of laboratory and instrumental studies. They include general analyzes blood and urine. In the analysis of urine, the presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes is observed, mucus may be present, many epithelial cells. This is not normal for men. If there is increased acidity of urine, then this may indicate the tuberculous nature of cystitis. To confirm the diagnosis of cystitis, smears are taken from the urethra and a urine culture is done. This allows you to identify the pathogen.

Of the instrumental methods of research, ultrasound is used. Not only the bladder is subject to examination, but also the kidneys, prostate and other organs of the small pelvis of men. Cystography, uroflowmetry, and less often biopsy are also used. To prevent residual urine from accumulating in the organ, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease.

Treatment includes the use of antibacterial agents. Before this, the type of pathogen is determined using PCR. The most effective are drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines. Of great importance for sick men is bed rest, exclusion from the diet of irritating mucous products, alcohol. Diuretics and antispasmodics may be used.

In men, this dysfunction of the bladder is caused by neurological diseases. This is not an independent disease, but a syndrome of organ dysfunction, which can hide a severe pathology. The etiology is varied. It includes injuries of the spinal cord and brain, congenital disorders of organ function, inflammation of the substance of the brain and spinal cord (encephalitis and encephalomyelitis). The cause may be brain tumors. Of no small importance are such neurological diseases as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetic neuropathy.

In most cases, residual urine in a neurogenic bladder is a sign of damage to the spine, in particular, the spinal cord.

Residual urine accumulates in the body of men as a result of damage to the area of the spinal cord above the sacrum. This leads to an increase in the tone of the urethral sphincters, which makes it difficult for the outflow of urine.

Treatment is to eliminate the underlying disease. In severe cases (with wrinkling of the organ), surgical methods of treatment are used. Drainage is in progress.

Stones in the bladder

Very often in men, the cause of residual urine is cystolithiasis (bladder stones). In men, this disease is more common than in women. All etiological factors can be divided into endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external). The first group includes the presence of foci of chronic infection, diseases of metabolic processes (gout), hereditary predisposition, trauma. Urolithiasis is characterized by increased formation of salts in the urine and blood, followed by the formation of stones. Stones can be different: oxalates, phosphates, urates. High levels of uric acid and calcium are of the greatest importance in pathogenesis.

Exogenous factors include irrational nutrition (eating a large amount of meat, foods rich in oxalic acid, and salt), reduced physical activity, soil characteristics in the region, drinking regimen, and the nature of work. The main manifestations of the presence of stones in the bladder are pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the genitals and perineum, pollakiuria. The symptom of interruption of urine output is characteristic. With him, the act of urination may stop, but the man feels that the bladder is still full. It accumulates residual urine. The excretion of urine may resume, but this occurs when the posture of the men changes.

To get rid of the accumulation of residual urine, you need to remove the existing stones. Currently, drugs are used that are able to dissolve stones and remove the resulting small particles in a natural way. The most widely used method is the crushing of stones (lithotripsy). It can be contact or remote. This is a radical treatment. However, he cannot further protect men from the recurrence of stones. Treatment involves adherence to a diet and drinking regimen, depending on the type of stones, spa treatment, peace.

Narrowing of the urethra

Narrowing of the urethra is one of the most common causes of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

This condition, especially in old age, indicates the presence of other diseases of the genitourinary system. The following factors and diseases can lead to narrowing of the lumen of the urethra: traumatic injury urinary tract, infectious diseases, neoplasms, exposure to ionizing radiation, as well as some instrumental manipulations, for example, improper bladder catheterization, impaired blood flow.

The narrowing of the urethra is accompanied by symptoms such as a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, while urine accumulates in it, pain in the lower abdomen, decreased diuresis, tension in the abdominal muscles immediately before the act of urination, pain during the release of urine and the presence of bloody discharge in the urine. Treatment of this pathology involves bougienage, that is, the introduction of special metal instruments into the urethra in order to expand and stretch it. This treatment is only temporary and does not address the underlying cause of the stricture.

Today, plastic surgery and laser radiation are used. Thanks to them, a narrowing of more than 1 cm can be eliminated, while the above methods of treatment are used only with a slight narrowing.

Thus, incomplete emptying of the bladder can be caused by various diseases and pathological conditions. residual urine in large quantities cannot be called the norm. It must be remembered that with prolonged retention of urine and a violation of its outflow, complications may develop, such as pyelonephritis, so you need to be treated in a timely manner.

Sometimes, after defecation, men get the feeling that emptying has not occurred completely. This phenomenon is often associated with chronic urinary retention syndrome. Residual urine in men is usually diagnosed when more than 50 ml of urine remains in the bladder after emptying. At times, the volume of residual urine is calculated in liters.

General picture of pathology

Pathologies of the male genitourinary system are a group of very unpleasant diseases that have similar symptoms. Feeling of incomplete urination also applies to such manifestations. In fact, the presence of residual urine is regarded by urologists as a genitourinary pathological sign, and not as a separate disease.

The main sign of residual urine is a feeling of incomplete emptying when urinating. A similar syndrome can be manifested by a two-stage urination process, and some men even need to make extra efforts, tensing their muscles in order to fully urinate. However, it happens that a man does not have any complaints about uncomfortable urination, although he has residual urine syndrome.

Common causes of residual urine

There can be many reasons for this condition:

Benign hyperplastic changes in the tissues of the prostate, in other words, prostate adenoma;
Urolithiasis, especially when stones are localized in the bladder cavity;
Urethritis or inflammation of the urethra, narrowing or stricture of the urethra and other pathologies that lead to difficulty passing urine through the urethra;
Cystitis of any origin and form;
Tumor processes in the bladder of a malignant or benign nature such as polyps, cancer, leukoplakia, etc .;
Innervation disorders of the pelvic organs;
Pathologies of pelvic organs of an inflammatory nature, which are characterized by the presence of side effects such as bladder irritation.

In general, various kinds of obstruction of urination and neurogenic functional disorders lead to such a pathological condition. Since residual urine is regarded by specialists only as a pathological symptom, in the absence of therapeutic measures, such a phenomenon can provoke the development of many complications such as renal failure, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the causes of incomplete urination in time and eliminate them, then dangerous complications can be avoided.

Adenoma is to blame

Benign prostatic hyperplastic processes are usually found in men over 45 and are manifested not only by urination disorders, but also by complete urination. Pathology is an uncontrolled growth of the gland, due to age-related changes in tissues with the formation of nodes, growths or seals in them, etc. A gradually formed formation increases in size, however, metastasis is not observed, because hyperplasia is of a benign nature.

According to experts, the main provoking factor is age, with an increase in which the likelihood of adenoma increases. When the overgrown tissues compress the urination canal, the patient begins to be disturbed by the first manifestations of the disease - difficulty urinating and a feeling of incomplete emptying when urinating.

In addition, the patient complains of longer urination, increased urge (especially at night), a thin and sluggish stream with interruptions towards the end of the urination process. With neglect, pathologies appear pain in the lower abdomen, drip urination, painful ejaculation, difficulty with urination when urging, etc.

Often the cause of residual urine is a neurogenic bladder - these are urinary disorders caused by disorders in the field of nervous system activity, which is responsible for urinary functions. The causes of a neurogenic bladder can be spinal lesions (hernias or vertebral pathologies, etc.), brain pathologies (strokes, hemorrhages or tumor processes, Parkinson's syndrome, etc.), HIV, peripheral nervous system lesions (for example, with diabetes or intoxication, etc.) .

Symptoms of a neurogenic (hyperactive) bladder are usually:

Frequent calls;
Incontinence;
Night calls;
Urine leakage;
Feeling of incomplete emptying, etc.

Usually, the presence of residual urine indicates the presence of spinal lesions in the area just above the sacrum. As a result, there is a tension of the urethral sphincter, which makes the urination significantly more difficult. The treatment of a neurogenic bladder is based on a set of measures such as taking drugs that correct nervous system activity, physiotherapy sessions, forced urination with the help of tension in the muscle tissue of the press, exercise therapy, and surgical actions.

Urolithiasis disease

One common cause of residual urine is cystolithiasis (or the formation of stones in the bladder), which is much more common in men. Such a pathology can develop in a number of internal or external causes. Internal causes are caused by chronic infectious foci, material exchange pathologies such as gout, traumatic factors or heredity. External factors that provoke cystolithiasis are the wrong diet, physical inactivity, occupational hazards or drinking regimen.

Among the most characteristic manifestations of urolithiasis, pain in the half of the abdomen below the navel, radiating to the groin, perineum, or penis and scrotum, is particularly prominent. In the process of urination, a sudden interruption of the jet may occur, after which the excretion of urine stops, however, the man feels that the emptying of the bladder has not yet been completed. In other words, there is a pronounced syndrome of residual urine. If a man changes his body position, then urination may suddenly resume.

Treatment is based on the elimination of calculi, for which the patient may be prescribed stone-dissolving drugs that break down calculi into small particles, which then natural ways come out with urine. The technique of lithotripsy or crushing of stones is also popular. It is necessary to observe a specific diet, drinking regimen, rest and sanatorium treatment.

Urethral stricture

Residual urine often occurs with pathological narrowing of the urethra. Stricture processes are characterized by the replacement of normal mucous layers of the urethra with scar tissue. Such changes lead to significant violations in urination. Many reasons can cause the development of such a disease:

Inflammatory genitourinary processes like urethritis, etc.;
Burn damage to the urethra of a thermal or chemical nature;
Impaired blood supply to the tissues of the urethra;
Traumatic factors such as fractures of the penis or pelvic bones, trauma due to rough sex, blunt bruises of the perineum and groin, etc .;
Oncological diseases, radiation treatment;
Surgical errors like an unfortunate surgical intervention, non-professional conduct of urological procedures (insertion of a catheter, ureteroscopy, installation of a penis prosthesis, etc.);
Congenital anomalies in the urethral structures.

In addition to residual urine, such a pathology is accompanied by difficulties and painful symptoms during urination, splashing of urine when emptying the bladder, a frequent desire to urinate, etc.

If the cause is cystitis

Often the causes of residual urine are the development of cystitis - this is a pathological condition of the bladder, for which the presence of inflammatory processes of various etiologies is typical. The causes of such a disease are quite numerous, however, the basis of the occurrence of cystitis is usually always an infection. Infection provocateurs can be gonococci, chlamydia, pathogenic fungi, staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.

These microorganisms can get into the bladder with the bloodstream, although there is also an ascending route of infection. Often, inflammation of the bladder occurs as a complication against the background of untreated or untreated pathologies such as urethritis, pyelonephritis or prostatitis, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to start treating various foci of an infectious nature in a timely manner.

Characteristic signs of cystitis are frequent desires to urinate (literally every quarter of an hour). At the same time, the portions of excreted urine are significantly reduced. When emptying the bladder, severe pain occurs, resembling a burning or cutting sensation. In addition, the man complains of pain in the penis and perineum. Often, the clinic of cystitis is supplemented by general organic intoxication.

Tumors of the bladder

Residual urine may also appear due to tumor processes in the bladder tissues. The reasons for this phenomenon often lie in harmful professional setting, nicotine addiction, radiation exposure, chronic urination, etc. The malignant nature of the tumor can be indicated by hematuric symptoms, incontinence, pain in the bladder and groin. In addition, a man often begins to run out of need, and in the process of emptying the bladder, he feels a burning sensation, cutting soreness and discomfort. The excreted urine often becomes cloudy, and the general well-being of the patient worsens, hyperthermia and malaise appear, general weakness in the body.

Residual urine can be seen to result from a variety of genitourinary disorders. Since such a condition is fraught with various kinds of complications, it is necessary to contact a urologist at the first manifestations, who will identify the etiology of the syndrome and make the necessary appointments.

Attention. Only timely actions will help to quickly and without consequences solve the problem of incomplete emptying of the bladder, as well as avoid possible complications, both of the syndrome itself and the causes that caused it.

Important! Elena Malysheva: An affordable and inexpensive way to get rid of urological sores.

The human bladder never empties completely: normally, after urination, a small amount of fluid remains in it. However, in an adult, the amount of residual urine should not exceed 50 ml, and in a child - 10% of the volume of the bladder.

Children (boys and girls):

newborns - 2-3 ml;
up to a year - 3-5 ml;
1–4 years - 5–7 ml;
4–10 years - 7–10 ml;
10-14 years - 20 ml;
adolescents 14 years old - up to 40 ml.

Adult men and women

Ultrasound examination is carried out in two stages: with a filled bladder and after urination. The doctor measures the volume and dimensions of the full bladder, then the patient empties it, and within 5-10 minutes after urination, the ultrasound is done again. The amount of liquid is calculated according to special formulas, taking into account the height, width of the bubble and the length of its ultrasound shadow. To improve the accuracy of the results, the measurement is carried out at least three times.

Tell your doctor if you or your child are taking diuretics or have recently eaten foods or drinks that irritate the bladder (spicy, smoked, salty, coffee, soda, strong tea). After diuretics, up to 100 ml of fluid accumulates in the bladder in 10 minutes, and the diagnosis will be erroneous.

Emergency bladder emptying

When a lot of fluid accumulates in the bladder, and the patient cannot empty it naturally, he is catheterized. People for whom the procedure is contraindicated, for example, with spasm of the urethral sphincter, may receive an injection of botulinum toxin into the sphincter area to relax the muscle.

In some cases, the patient is given a temporary urethral stent with a duration of three to six months. It is a cylinder of thin (1.1 mm in diameter) wire spiral, made on the basis of organic material, which soon resolves.

Treatment

The presence of residual urine is only a symptom, not a disease. Therefore, in order to establish normal urination, you need to cope with the cause that violates it:

promptly or conservatively (with ICD) to restore the patency of the urinary tract;
remove inflammation;
normalize the contractility of the bladder.

The most difficult treatment will be needed for neurological disorders. It can be medical or surgical.

When the bladder is atony, the doctor prescribes medications to the patient that will help restore its ability to contract. When it spasms, the patient is prescribed muscle relaxants. If it is not possible to relieve spasms with medication, a surgical operation called "selective dorsal rhizotomy" is performed. It consists in the fact that the doctor selects in the bundle of nerves of the spinal cord those that cause spastic contraction of the bubble, and dissects them.

Who said that curing urological diseases is difficult?

Incredible… You can cure prostatitis, balanoposthitis, impotence, adenoma and other diseases forever!
This time.
No antibiotics!
This is two.
During the week!
It's three.

An effective remedy exists. Follow the link and find out what Elena Malysheva recommends!

Residual urine in the bladder - is it dangerous?

Residual urine is the amount of waste products left in a person's bladder after they have gone to the toilet. This symptom is considered a pathology, both in children and in adults. But, here it is still very important to determine exactly the amount of this residual urine. If it exceeds a certain norm, then in this case, the person is suspected of having a urological disease.

Possible Complications

Errors in results

to urethritis;
Hydronephrosis;

Urinary retention treatment

Residual urine is the urine that remains in the bladder after the act of urination. In addition to the fact that this symptom is one of the most disturbing in pediatric urology, it also most clearly illustrates the dialectical principle of the transition of quantity into quality, since it is not the presence of residual urine itself that is symptomatic, but its quantity.

The reasons for the appearance residual urine in childhood are bladder emptying dysfunctions. They can be associated either with insufficient force of contraction of the detrusor (bladder wall), or, more often, with sphincter-detrusor dyssynergy (impaired interaction between the bladder wall and the sphincter, the muscle that blocks the urethra).

Residual urine has great clinical significance . because it leads to a deterioration in the function of the upper urinary tract or causes the corresponding symptoms of impaired bladder emptying. The most common symptoms are frequent urination, poor urine stream, interrupted urine stream, urinary retention, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infection.

Presence of residual urine May be the only clinical sign diseases such as vesicoureteral reflux, bladder diverticula, etc.

In patients with high intravesical pressure in the absence of adequate treatment, there is a high risk of congestive changes in the upper urinary tract and a decrease in kidney function. Low emptying pressure is a poor prognostic factor in terms of restoration of adequate bladder emptying. Residual urine poses a great threat of inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys, as it creates an ideal environment for the reproduction of bacteria and the occurrence of infections, the formation of stones. In the treatment of various bladder dysfunctions, the amount of residual urine is a convenient test of its effectiveness.

Fine bladder must be completely emptied. however, a delay of up to 10% of the age volume is considered acceptable. In the permissible value of the volume of residual urine for different age groups are respectively:

Newborns - 2-3 ml
Up to 1 year - 3-5 ml
1-4 years - 5-7 ml
4-10 years - 7-10 ml
10-14 years - 20 ml
Over 14 years - up to 40 ml

Any excess of the specified volumes may indicate that the child has various urological diseases. In this regard, the question of the accuracy of measuring the volume of residual urine is of particular importance. For accurate measurement, certain conditions must be met. The previous urination should be carried out with a normal urge to urinate, in comfortable conditions, in an optimal and familiar position for urination.

For volume determination residual urine, direct bladder catheterization or abdominal ultrasound may be used. Bladder catheterization is the simplest and most reliable method. Its main disadvantage is its invasiveness, therefore, in the conditions of a children's clinic, they resort to an ultrasound method. Estimation of residual urine volume is based on calculations using various mathematical formulas (eg, 0.5 x width x height x length of bladder shadow ultrasound).

In some cases, it is possible to receive erroneously positive results. The most common reason leading to a distortion in the measurement of residual urine volumes is an increase in the interval between urination and the measurement itself. The maximum allowable interval is 10 minutes.

The second biggest mistake is a violation of the drinking regimen or the use of diuretics. It is known that with the use of diuretics, as well as with a significant water load, urine output can increase up to 10 ml / min. In this situation, up to 100 ml of urine can accumulate in the bladder in 10 minutes.

The third group of errors associated with non-compliance with normal conditions for the patient to urinate, such as the absence of a normal urge to urinate, unacceptable conditions for urination, etc.

To improve the reliability results, determination of the volume of residual urine must be carried out at least three times.

Remember: if a child reveals signs of residual urine in the bladder during ultrasound examinations, it is necessary to seek advice from a pediatric urologist or nephrologist.

Sources: No comments yet!

The bladder is designed in such a way that during normal urination it is not completely emptied. It contains residual urine in a small amount. The norm is different for everyone, depending on age. In adults, this is no more than 50 ml, in children - 10% of the total volume that fits into the organ.

If the size of the residual urine exceeds the normal volume, then this is a clinical sign of a disease. After all, this means that urination is disturbed, and this is possible only with some painful processes. If this urological symptom manifests itself in children, then this is a very alarming sign that signals that a full examination is needed.

Stagnation of urine is also quite painful, and if you do not take action, then the symptoms and volume will increase every day, provoking bacterial inflammation, urinary incontinence and the formation of stones.

Causes

This symptom can manifest itself due to various pretexts, and some of them are not even associated with pathologies of the genitourinary system. Conventionally, they can be divided into several categories.

Inflammatory-infectious. Due to such diseases, swelling of the urethra occurs, and there may also be a symptom of spastic compression of the muscle tissues of the organ, since its reflex irritation occurs. Residual urine in men indicates the presence of such diseases of this sex:

prostatitis;
urethritis;
balanitis;
cystitis.

Obstructive. These are cases when there are mechanical barriers that push the outflow of urine from the outside or inside. It could be:

male prostate adenoma;
uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts in the female;
the formation of adhesions, narrowing of the urethra and stones;
the appearance of tumors.

Medical. Also, the tone of the organ can weaken from the action of certain drugs. It can be:

muscle relaxants;
diuretics;
antidepressants;
hormonal;
drug-based painkillers;
medicines for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

when congenital malformations of the central nervous system are present (in particular in children);
in the presence of diseases of the spine;
with injuries of the brain and spinal cord;
if you have multiple sclerosis.

Symptoms

Residual urine is just one of the various symptoms that are found when the urinary tract is blocked and inflamed. But if its appearance is associated with neurological disorders, then such a problem is much harder to detect, in particular, if it is a small child.

If before that you felt like a healthy person, then the first sign of urinary retention will be the presence of a sluggish urge to empty. This symptom has a gradual development, like atony of the organ. You can feel it in several ways.

If you have a diverticulum, then there will be no pressure and pain, but urination will occur "in two steps." First, a large portion will come out, and then a meager one. Such a process comes from the fact that at first the bladder itself is emptied, and after the diverticulum that appears there.

Diagnostics

This process consists of several neurological, urological, laboratory research and poll. At your first visit to the urologist, you will be prescribed the following procedures.

Ultrasound of the bladder and pelvic organs. This research is carried out in two phases. The first is when the bladder is full to measure its volume and size. The second ultrasound is 5-10 minutes after its emptying. For the result to be accurate, the calculations are carried out at least three times. There are special formulas for calculating the amount of liquid that require the following parameters:

height;
width;
the length of the ultrasound shadow of the bladder.

If the patient is taking diuretics this moment, or before the examination, he drank drinks or ate foods that could irritate the organ for research, then it is imperative to warn the doctor about this, since the diagnosis may be erroneous due to these influencing factors.

Ultrasound is considered a non-invasive method, since the rate of residual urine in men and women is not accurately determined. But it is used more often because of its general availability.

Clinical analysis of blood and urine, urine culture to determine a bacterial infection.

Cystoscopy and contrast urography - if necessary. The first type of examination is prescribed in the most extreme case, since it is quite traumatic. But he quite accurately indicates the volume of residual urine, if any, was detected.

Do not forget that the calculation of the volume and analysis of urine for prostatitis and other diseases in which this symptom appeared may be erroneous on ultrasound and other examinations due to nervous strain.

Emergency organ emptying

If a lot of fluid has accumulated in this organ, and the patient does not have the opportunity to remove it naturally, then catheterization is required.

For some patients, this procedure may be contraindicated, for example, if a spasm of the urethral sphincter is detected, in which case botulinum toxin is injected into this area in order to relax the muscle tissue.

In some situations, they can install a urethral stent with a short period of operation - from 3 to 6 months. It looks like a cylinder made of a thin wire spiral, 1.1 mm in diameter. In the manufacture of absorbable organic material, which soon disappears.

Treatment

Residual urine is not a separate disease, but only one of its symptoms. In order to have a normal bowel movement, it is necessary to eliminate the factor that violates it. The following measures can be taken.

Removal of the inflammatory process.
Restoration of patency of the urinary tract. An operative or conservative method can be chosen.
Normalization of the contractile capacity of the bladder.

For neurological disorders, more difficult therapy will be required. Both surgical and medical methods can be used here.

If you have found atony of the bladder, the doctor will prescribe drugs that restore the contraction skill. With spasms of the organ, muscle relaxants are prescribed. If they do not help, then a surgical intervention called "selective dorsal rhizotomy" is performed. During this, the doctor makes a selection in the bundle of nerves of the spinal cord - only those of them that are responsible for the spastic contraction of the bubble, and makes a dissection.

The main thing is the observance of complex therapy, which will act not only on the symptoms, but also on their causes.

If you have identified these symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor, because only he can correctly diagnose the problem and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Why does residual urine occur?

Residual urine appears most often in childhood. The reasons for this phenomenon may be hidden behind a violation of the bladder, namely:

Insufficient contraction of the walls of the bladder, as a result, urine is not pushed out of it in full;
Violation of the sphincter, that is, the wall that is between the bladder and the muscles that block the urethra. As a result, urine stagnates in the bladder and does not come out.

In medical practice, the phenomenon of residual urine is really of great importance. After all, if urine remains in the human body and is not excreted from it for a long period of time, then in this case it leads to a rapid deterioration in well-being. Following urinary incontinence, a person develops symptoms such as: the urge to urinate frequently, insufficient urine output, urinary incontinence, bladder infection.

Possible Complications

A person with stagnant urine in the body increases the pressure internal organ. This is followed by a number of complications of a person's well-being, ranging from infection and inflammatory processes, ending with a violation of the kidneys.

In the residual stagnant urine, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply rapidly, which leads to the spread of infection and the deposition of kidney stones.

Emptying the bladder in a healthy person

In a healthy person, the bladder should normally empty completely, without any residual urine. Only 10% of the residual urine is allowed, depending on the age volume of the patient, that is, in a child it will be 3-5 ml of urine, in an adult - up to 50 ml.

If the volume of residual urine exceeds the permissible norm, then this indicates that a person has begun to develop urological infectious or inflammatory processes. To really confirm or refute the diagnosis, it is necessary to measure the amount of residual urine very accurately.

At the same time, it is important that certain conditions for the process of urination are observed - comfortable psychological conditions, the usual non-painful posture when urinating.

How to determine the amount of residual urine?

To determine the volume of residual urine, you need to resort to medical diagnostics. At home, you will not be able to determine exactly how much urine remains in the bladder, and how much came out of it. Therefore, the method of catheterization of the bladder or the method of abdominal ultrasound is used.

An easier and more accurate way to determine residual urine is to insert a catheter. But, it is still recommended to be used for adult patients, and not for children. In children's clinics, the volume of residual urine is determined using ultrasound diagnostics. The uzist measures the width of the bladder, its height, and also its length.

Errors in results

Determining the volume of residual urine can often have false positive results. Why is this happening? Because the measurement should normally be carried out exactly when the person went to the toilet. That is, literally in 5 minutes he should come to the diagnostic room. But, this is ideal.

As a rule, a decent amount of time passes between the last urination and the ultrasound examination. During this time period, a portion of urine begins to accumulate in a person.

Another factor that can influence false results is the intake of diuretic drugs or a large amount of water the day before. For example, if a person drank a diuretic before taking the test, then urine begins to accumulate rapidly in him - approximately 10 ml of urine per minute. It is easy to calculate that in 10 minutes a person collects 100 ml of urine in the bladder.

Some patients are unable to go to the toilet normally in a hospital setting due to certain uncomfortable conditions. Accordingly, they will have an excess amount of urine.

In order for the result to determine residual urine to be reliable, it is imperative to conduct an analysis at least 3 times (preferably more).

If a person does not go to the doctor ...

If a certain person has a violation of the process of urination and at the same time he does not apply for medical care and does not investigate this situation in any way, then in this case, pathologies begin to develop in a person.

The sign of residual urine in the bladder leads to the onset and rapid development of kidney diseases, namely:

To the development of chronic pyelonephritis;
To the formation of kidney stones (in most cases, this problem is solved only by surgery);
to urethritis;
Hydronephrosis;
Violation of the kidneys and renal failure as such.

On early dates violations of the functioning of the bladder and the formation of residual urine in it can still be corrected with the help of medications. In a neglected state of the disease, they resort to hospitalization and treatment through surgical methods.

Urinary retention treatment

Treatment of urinary retention in severe cases leads to catheterization with a rubber catheter. Such treatment is carried out only in a hospital, at home it will not work to insert the catheter correctly (the catheter is inserted into the urethra).

A permanent catheter is inserted for several days and treated with solutions of Furadonin, Nitroxoline, as well as other antibacterial agents.

At home, you can treat your genitals with warm water to encourage urination. If this method is ineffective, then a 2% solution of Novocain or a solution of Pilocarpine is injected into the urethra. Do not try to insert a catheter at home, as this threatens to infect the bladder.

Mechanism of urination

Depending on the development of pathological changes in any of the structural elements of the urinary tract responsible for the removal of urine, various disorders occur, leading to damage to the detrusor of the bladder, followed by the development of atrophy and, accordingly, the inability to contract sufficiently.

Table: Permissible residual urine volume by age

All the causes that cause the appearance of residual urine can be divided into several groups:

neurological nature;
inflammatory and infectious;
obstructive;
independent pathologies (diverticulum, urethral stricture).

Neurological disorders

Neurological disorders are always associated with a malfunction of that part of the nervous system that is responsible for three functions of the bladder:

reservoir (a function that ensures the accumulation of urine in the cavity of the bladder);
evacuation (a function that contributes to the removal of urine);
valve (a function that allows you to keep a certain amount of urine in the bladder).

tumor formations;
intervertebral hernia;
spinal injury;
congenital pathology of the central nervous system (observed, as a rule, in a child).

Treatment of a neurogenic bladder consists in psychological, physical and drug methods of exposure:

correction of the behavioral lifestyle (regulate the mode of drinking and urination);
stimulation of urination by massaging the back area;
physiotherapy;
drug effect on weakening the tone of the sphincter;
drugs that regulate the work of the central nervous system;
physiotherapy.

Inflammatory and infectious processes

increased urge to go to the toilet;
intermittency of the jet during urination;
the need for tension of the press and straining for complete emptying of the bladder cavity;
feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Obstruction of the urinary tract

The reasons for the formation of stones can be internal or external factors of influence:

chronic infectious diseases of the urinary tract;
violation of metabolic processes;
improper diet;
sedentary lifestyle;
work in hazardous industries;
improper drinking regime.

diverticulum

False diverticulum (acquired) develops as a result of an increase in intravesical pressure that occurs against the background of pathological conditions accompanied by difficulty in urination and systematic incomplete emptying of the bladder. Due to the high pressure of the fluid, atrophy of the muscle layer develops, the destroyed fibers diverge, and the mucous membrane protrudes into the abdominal cavity under pressure.

Urethral stricture

Pathological narrowing of the urethra is called urethral stricture. Metaplasia of the tissues of the urethral mucosa can be caused by various causes that cause damage of varying severity:

thermal or chemical burns of the urethra;
inflammatory processes (cystitis, urethritis);
injuries or bruises of the perineum;
injury to the mucosa during the installation of the catheter;
congenital pathologies of the urinary tract.

Due to the replacement of damaged cells with mucous connective tissue, scarring occurs, which significantly complicates the process of urination, as a result of which urine remains in the bladder.

Signs and complications

Urine, which remains after urination in the cavity of the bladder, not only delivers a large amount of discomfort, but is itself an alarming symptom, the severity of which directly depends on its amount.

Residual urine is an important clinical sign, as it leads to dysfunction of the upper urinary tract and is a consequence of pathological processes leading to functional disorders of the bladder.

The main symptoms that accompany excess residual urine are:

increased urge to urinate;
weak or intermittent jet;
the need to tighten the abdominal muscles in order to start the process of urination or prevent its interruption;
inflammatory processes in the urinary tract.

In the absence of timely treatment, the risk of developing inflammatory processes increases, since congestion creates a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic microflora and the formation of stones. Violation of the outflow of urine can also lead to the development of hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis and renal failure.

Diagnostics

study of the dynamics of changes in the pressure of the jet during urination (urofluometry);
orthostatic urine test;
measurement of pressure in the bladder at different moments of urination (cystometry);
assessment of the contractility of the muscle layer of the bladder walls (electromyography);
study of the functional state of sphincters and urethra (urethroprofilometry);
Ultrasound of the bladder before and after urination;
Ultrasound of the prostate.

Laboratory research methods:

clinical analysis of urine (determination of the presence of bacteria, proteins and nitrogen in the urine);
clinical blood test;
determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

The diagnostic technique consists of two stages:

Ultrasound of a full bladder.
Ultrasound performed 10 minutes after urination.

At the same time, the dimensions of the three-dimensional image of the bladder and the length of its ultrasound shadow are estimated using mathematical formulas.

Important! In case of suspicion of the presence of prostatic hyperplasia in men, the most informative diagnostic method is transrectal ultrasound.

A positive effect can be achieved by using methods that improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs (aerobic exercise, walking, breathing exercises), relieve inflammation, and reduce the amount of fluid consumed before bedtime. In the vast majority, with a timely visit to a doctor, the tone of the muscle wall can be restored without the use of surgical methods of treatment.

The rate of residual urine in the bladder: men, women, children

in newborns 2-3 ml;
in babies up to a year 3-5 ml;
in children 1-4 years old, this rate is 7-10 ml;
4-10 years - 7-10 ml;
10-14 years - 20 ml;
for adolescents under 14 years old, the norm is no more than 40 ml.

Back to index

Reasons for the increase

Residual urine can occur for a variety of reasons. In general, they are divided into three groups:

obstructive;
inflammatory and infectious;
neurological.

Uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts in women can prevent urine from leaving the body.

The last group of causes include the loss of central nervous system control over urination. In such cases, the bubble itself is healthy, and the problem lies in the muscles of the organ or sphincter, which stop contracting at the right time. The causes of this state of the body are often sclerosis, injuries of the spinal cord and brain, congenital pathologies of the central nervous system, and diseases of the spine. The fact is that antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, diuretics, hormonal drugs, drugs for Parkinson's disease, as well as some painkillers negatively affect the tone of the organ.

Back to index

Symptoms of residual urine after urination

Back to index

Diagnosis: how to determine the amount of residual urine?

Urine analysis in combination with other diagnostic methods will help determine the pathology.

Determination of residual urine is a rather complicated process and consists of a set of measures:

laboratory diagnostics;
urological research;
neurological research.

Back to index

Errors in results

Unfortunately, there is a great risk that the results of urine residual volume tests may be erroneous. Therefore, if you have a positive diagnosis, do not worry and repeat all the procedures. So, before undergoing an ultrasound scan, you need to refrain from diuretic drinks, drugs, as well as those products that irritate the bladder. Indeed, 10 minutes after their use, the amount of urine increases by 100 ml, and, of course, the result will be distorted. In addition, all tests should be carried out immediately after the patient went to the toilet. Only under such conditions will the POM be measured correctly. Of course, in most cases it is impossible to undergo an ultrasound immediately after emptying.

And also, in order to completely free your bladder from urine, urination must be done in the usual conditions, and in a hospital this is simply impossible. Also, the patient should go out of need in connection with the natural urge, and not because it is necessary. The posture also matters, it should be familiar. If you do not follow these rules, then, of course, the diagnosis will reveal the rest of the urine.

Back to index

Complications

At the first sign of illness, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If you suspect that you have excess urine in your body, seek qualified help immediately. After all, the consequences of your delay can cause you many problems. Very often, doctors have to operate on patients, because treatment with drugs is not able to help. And all this is only because of the belated determination of the final urine. Therefore, the most common complications are:

inflammation of the kidneys and urethra;
kidney failure;
stones in the kidneys;
hydronephrosis.

Mechanism of urination

Causes

Neurological disorders

Inflammatory and infectious processes

Obstruction of the urinary tract

diverticulum

Urethral stricture

Signs and complications

Diagnostics

The rate of residual urine in the bladder: men, women, children

Reasons for the increase

Symptoms of residual urine after urination

Diagnosis: how to determine the amount of residual urine?

Causes of Residual Urine

Causes and symptoms of cystitis

Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis

Stones in the bladder

Narrowing of the urethra

General picture of pathology

Common causes of residual urine

Adenoma is to blame

Urolithiasis disease

Urethral stricture

If the cause is cystitis

Tumors of the bladder

Emergency bladder emptying

Treatment

Who said that curing urological diseases is difficult?

Residual urine in the bladder - is it dangerous?

Possible Complications

Errors in results

Urinary retention treatment

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnostics

Emergency organ emptying

Treatment

Why does residual urine occur?

Possible Complications

Emptying the bladder in a healthy person

How to determine the amount of residual urine?

Errors in results

If a person does not go to the doctor ...

Urinary retention treatment

The rate of residual urine in the bladder: men, women, children

Reasons for the increase

Symptoms of residual urine after urination

Diagnosis: how to determine the amount of residual urine?

Errors in results

Complications

Similar articles