Birth of a child. This unbearable cry of a child

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Healthy newborn: general information, birth weight, concepts of premature and postterm newborn

Healthy is considered newborn born at 37-42 weeks, with a birth weight of 2.5-4.0 kg, who does not need resuscitation and does not reveal any physical defects at the first examination by a neonatologist in the delivery room.

If the baby was born at 36 weeks and 6 days or earlier, he is considered premature if more than 42 full weeks- overdue. The gestational age is calculated from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period and is measured in weeks. Conditions of prematurity and postmaturity are often associated with many different diseases, including life-threatening ones, so such children must be observed by an experienced neonatologist.

Babies weighing less than 2.5 kg are underweight, while those over 4 kg are large. Even if the baby was born on time, its weight may not be normal. Such children also require closer attention and in-depth examination.

Height, circumference of the head and chest of the newborn

In addition to body weight in the delivery room, a newborn is measured with a stadiometer and centimeter tape for body length and head circumference and chest. These indicators allow us to evaluate the harmony physical development child, to identify some hereditary diseases, endocrine pathology and damage to the central nervous system.

Normally, the growth of a newborn at birth is 45-56 cm. On average, about 50 cm. It is logical that premature babies have a lower height - this is not a sign of inharmonious development.

The circumference of the chest is measured with a centimeter tape, which is applied behind the corners of the shoulder blades (the lowest point of the shoulder blade), and in front above the nipples. The normal values ​​for the circumference of the chest of a full-term newborn are 33-35 cm.

To measure the circumference of the head, it is necessary to put a centimeter tape on the back of the most protruding point of the back of the head, and draw it in front directly above the eyebrows. Normally, this figure is 33 - 37.5 cm, it should not exceed the circumference of the chest by more than 2-4 cm. Head measurement is an indispensable procedure in the diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system. During the first week of life, the head should be measured every day. Normally, during the first month of life, the head grows no more than 3-4 cm, if the head grows more intensively (more than 0.3 - 0.5 cm per day) - this indicates the development of hydrocephalus, a very serious disease. This rule does not work for children of the first days of life. During the first 24 hours, the circumference of the head may increase by 1.0 - 1.5 cm - this head restores its normal shape after passing through the narrow birth canal.

First cry of a newborn

Immediately after birth, the child freezes for a few seconds, does not respond to any external stimuli. This condition is called "catharsis" of the newborn. Some philosophers believe that it is at this moment that the soul is laid in the child. After that, the newborn takes the first breath and makes the first cry. The first cry of a newborn should be sonorous and emotional. And most importantly, the baby should scream within the first 30 seconds after birth. If this does not happen, he needs resuscitation.

Apgar score

At the end of the first and fifth minutes of a child's life, a neonatologist evaluates the child's condition using the Apgar scale for 5 signs: skin color, breathing, heartbeat, muscle tone and reflexes. The maximum possible score is 10 points. A newborn with Apgar scores greater than or equal to 7/7 is considered healthy. If the score is lower, the child needs urgent resuscitation. This means he may need supplemental oxygen to breathe, mechanical ventilation and chest compressions. In these cases, the baby is taken away from the mother and the whole complex of resuscitation continues until the child's condition stabilizes.

The first meeting of the newborn with the mother: skin-to-skin contact

Immediately after birth, a healthy newborn is wiped dry with a diaper, put on a hat and socks to prevent heat loss and laid on the mother's stomach. The mother and child are covered with a common blanket, so that the contact between them is “skin to skin”. Such close contact should last at least 1.5-2 hours. All necessary procedures associated with the first toilet of a newborn can be postponed, and the first examination by a neonatologist takes place right on the mother’s chest. This simple procedure has been reliably proven to reduce morbidity in the neonatal period, promote the production of milk in the mother and the formation of the maternal instinct.

First feeding of a newborn

Being on the mother's stomach, the newborn usually finds the breast on his own or with the help of a midwife within the first half hour and begins to suck. The first feeding should not be forced: the breast should be offered forcefully, but not aggressively. Some babies are not ready to start eating right away, just holding them to the chest is enough.

Body temperature of the newborn

The body temperature of a newborn is usually measured 15 minutes after birth, and then 2 hours later, when the mother and child have already been transferred to the shared room. Normal body temperature is 36.5-37 C. In the first hours after birth, the child is prone to hypothermia. To avoid this, the newborn always wear a hat and socks. Loose clothing and skin-to-skin contact will also help keep you warm. And tight swaddling and bathing, on the contrary, contribute to hypothermia of the newborn, so these practices have already been abandoned in many maternity hospitals.
In the following days, the child is already more prone to overheating. If a newborn has a fever, first of all it is very necessary to evaluate: is he dressed too warmly?

newborn skin color

Immediately after birth, the skin of a newborn has a bluish tint. The first breath saturates the blood with oxygen and the skin begins to turn pink. In the first hours of life, a slight blue of the hands and feet may persist, which gradually disappears. After an hour and a half, in many newborns, the skin becomes bright red. This is not a pathology, but is associated with the peculiarity of the development of capillaries. In full-term newborns, redness disappears on the second day, in premature babies it lasts longer. The most frightening sign is the pallor of the skin. White skin in newborns, it is always a severe pathology.

Head shape and fontanel

In a newborn, the head is often asymmetrical (only babies can boast of a perfectly even head, born by caesarean section). Often a large dense bump is noticeable on it. This is the so-called "birth tumor". It will resolve on its own in a few days without any treatment. Single points of hemorrhage on the birth tumor are not a cause for concern. The same small hemorrhages can be in the eyes, especially if the birth was long and difficult. They also go away on their own over time.

Slightly above the forehead along the midline of the head, the newborn has a soft pliable area - a large fontanel. In this place, the cranial vault is not yet fully ossified. The normal size of a large fontanel is 1-3 cm. bigger size can occur in premature, immature children, as well as with an increase in intracranial pressure (in this case, it also swells). Children with a small fontanel usually develop normally, only in some cases this leads to the development of a neurological problem. Some neuropediatricians prescribe to such children "crying for 5 minutes - 3 times a day." During crying, intracranial pressure rises and the bones of the skull "diverge", contributing to the growth of the head.

Breath of a newborn

The newborn breathes irregularly. Breathing may be absent for several seconds, and then replaced by a series of very rapid respiratory movements. Sometimes the child takes a convulsive breath, followed by a noisy long exhalation. Over time, these breaths become less and less. The respiratory rate is normally 30-60 per minute. The number of breaths more than 60 per minute indicates severe lung damage.

The concept of the tone of the newborn: "embryo position" and hypotension

Normally, the arms and legs of the child are in a bent position, symmetrical, the hands are clenched into fists, the head is somewhat brought to the body, this is the “fetal position”, characteristic of the first months of life.
If the child is lethargic, "soft", arms and legs hang freely - this is an unfavorable symptom, which is called "muscular hypotension". It can be found in diseases of the nervous system, infections of the newborn and other serious diseases.

Sleep and wakefulness

A newborn baby sleeps up to 20 hours a day. Waking periods are usually limited to feedings. An awakened child randomly sorts out his arms and legs. The eyes may be closed for the first few days. If they are open, the eyeballs move as if the child wants to fix the gaze, but he does not succeed. Sometimes a slight strabismus can be noticed, which goes away on its own by the end of the first week and does not require treatment.

First stool and urination

A baby's first stool is called meconium. It is viscous, black, reminiscent of tar. Normally, meconium should pass on the first day, if meconium has not passed, doctors choose expectant tactics on the second day. If the intestines are not emptied even then, the child is additionally examined to identify the reasons for this. pathological condition and its correction. Very rarely, in healthy children, meconium leaves on the third day.

Sometimes meconium passes prematurely while still in the womb. In this case, gynecologists talk about "dirty amniotic fluid Oh". This often occurs with intrauterine infection of the fetus and if the mother received narcotic painkillers or "medicated sleep" during childbirth.
It's pretty dangerous state, since meconium can enter the respiratory tract and disrupt the respiratory activity of the newborn.

In the first 3 days, the newborn rarely urinates, 2-4 times a day. The first urination usually takes place between 12 and 24 hours of age. Gradually, the number of urination increases, reaching 20-25 times by the 7-10th day of life.

If the newborn is sick?

What if the newborn does not meet the health criteria above? Do not panic! Many diseases of the neonatal period, diagnosed in time and properly treated, pass without leaving consequences for the unborn child. Trust the health of your children to qualified professionals, but do not forget about your role. Any neonatologist will confirm that 90% of success in treating a newborn is proper care, care and attention from the mother and other relatives, and only 10% falls on the shoulders of a specialist.

Health - what is it? WHO definition of health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) gives a very wise, philosophical definition of "health". According to WHO, health is not only the absence of physical defects and diseases, but a state of complete physical, psychological and social well-being. WHO experts focus on the second part of the definition and emphasize that the love, care and attention of loved ones are indispensable in maintaining the health of children. Even a sick child, surrounded by motherly affection, has a chance to feel healthy.

It is known that the cry is born together with the person. And he appeared much earlier than speech. This is an attribute of human self-preservation. Even the ancients understood that if a tribesman was lost, then his loud cry would be heard far away and they would come to the rescue. If danger threatens or something has happened, then by shouting you can attract help and scare off the enemy. Through a cry, a person shows his deepest feelings and emotions, instincts.

Baby crying in children under two years of age

Every new parent is well aware that the baby will scream and cry. Moms find out that the baby screams from hunger, from the desire to communicate, from the fact that the diaper is wet, and so on. But what to do if the baby screams for no reason at all? He is dry, he ate, he recently woke up, they play with him, the doctors assure that he is completely healthy ... What else does he need? Why is he crying, no, even just screaming loudly? Experienced specialists in children's problems immediately tell the mother: "Be patient, you got such a child! It will outgrow." A good people give a million recipes. And if you ask on the Internet ... Well, every mother who has encountered a problem knows herself ...

There is no reliable information about the reasons why a child cries for no reason in the first year after birth. Only assumptions are made: stress during the mother's pregnancy, difficult childbirth, poor nutrition, lifestyle and age of the mother ... . They also say that this is the maturation of the nervous system in a child. But, of course, the constant cries of a child, especially without obvious reasons, is a difficult test for the nervous system of all family members. Especially for fathers.

If a child cries, it means he is sick. It is a fact. What is wrong with him and why he perceives something so, we do not know. And, as it sometimes turns out in the process of going to the doctors, no one knows this. It is clear that the child screams primarily from his helplessness, that he (and no one else) can save him from something that he perceives as "I feel bad." We were all once small children, and we all experienced more or less the same emotions and feelings of helplessness when we were infants. We may not remember this time. But precisely because an adult perceives the cry of a child as unbearable sounds that one wants to drown out in any way, it means that his unconscious mind perfectly remembers those times when he himself was like that. And an adult does not want to face with all his being that inner little child of his, who also suffered and, perhaps, also screamed, like his son or daughter. As much as an adult person repels, does not recognize and does not accept the presence of that infantile experience in himself, when he himself cried and screamed, does not want to recognize and see it, so much does he experience irritation, anger, anger, helplessness when heart-rending cries of a child are heard. With a high level of rejection, a person may even experience clouding of reason, so as not to see in himself the experience of helplessness and feeling "bad" that he experienced in infancy. Therefore, from a psychological point of view, those cruel actions (or the desire to commit such actions) of parents in relation to their young children that they commit during children's tantrums or are understandable. Although from a human and pedagogical point of view, this is completely unacceptable, especially since in a normal state this person would hardly have committed violence. Also in this state of affect, an adult can transfer his anger and feelings of powerlessness from the child to himself or to some object with varying degrees of destructive consequences. For example, out of anger, hit your hand on the door frame and break your wrist.

That is why men are much more intolerant and very annoyed when they hear a child's unreasonable cry. In men, strength, independence, the possibility of action are much higher in the line of personal priorities than in women. Therefore, it is much more difficult for fathers to accept and realize their own, even if they were in the past, impotence, lack of independence, the inability to change anything in their situation.

Parents who have more than three children are said to "not hear" their children's screams, they are just used to it. In fact, of course, they hear and react to it, but with each child they (consciously or not) plunged into their own feelings of the infant state and accepted them at the level of emotions and feelings. And, in the end, the cry ceased to be something painful and unbearable for them.

Another reason why parents (more often this applies to mothers) cannot endure an infant's cry is an acute sense of guilt that a mother experiences in relation to her baby. It seems to her that the child is screaming because she did something wrong, that she can do something, but does not do it, that she does not fulfill her role as a mother. She thinks: "After all, a good mother has a child calm and contented, and since my baby is screaming. So I am a bad mother." But after all, mom knows for sure that she is doing everything possible and even impossible for her baby, but he still screams. So the feeling of guilt turns into anger at the child and anger at his cries. In this case, it will help mom if she gives herself the right to be an imperfect mother and understands that her child has reasons for crying that she is not able to influence.

How often does the thought creep into the parent's head that his child is yelling incessantly, out of spite, out of harm and intolerable character? The concept of "out of spite" contains a certain malicious intent, a degree of understanding and awareness that now I will do something on purpose to annoy another person. Every mother whose child is prone to causeless screams can try herself on purpose, as if to spite someone, to scream, adhering to the time frame that her child screams. Most likely, mom won’t be enough for a long time, and she just physically won’t be able to scream so much. Rather, a mother can scream for a long time if she has accumulated fatigue, impotence, anger, the inability to change anything. And a satisfied, calm mother will not be able to scream for a long time on purpose, because she will not have the incentive and motivation to scream for a long time. From this simple experiment, we can conclude that a child’s cry is provoked by some deep personal characteristics his psyche and how he feels the surrounding space and people. And, of course, he does not have any of his evil will and deliberately harmful attitude towards the family. He's sick and that's why he screams.

Mom, like other family members, can do a lot to help the baby. Her participation and indifference to children's suffering, no matter how tired she herself is from endless cries, will be of great help to the child along with a long breastfeeding, wearing in a sling, carrying on hands, kind voice and loving glance directed towards the child. Frequent tactile communication of the baby with any of the parents can be a good sedative. This is such an ancient type of communication, embedded in the human genetic memory, along with breastfeeding, that even the most noisy and restless baby can understand it. Any strokes on a naked body, pressing his skin to your own can have a truly magical effect. Mom needs to understand that a child under three years old is very susceptible to mental state all the people who surround him, and especially to his mother. Therefore, you should not add your own to children's mental problems: increased anxiety, clarification of relationships in the family, conflicts, quarrels, etc.

After two years: crying and screaming

A small child of two years old is traveling on a train with his mother. He runs around the car in complete delight from this wonderful state, when everything rattles and shakes, spreading his arms and shouting at the top of his voice, trying to drown out the sound of the wheels. Mom snatches him out of the corridor into her compartment and from there a scolding stern voice is heard: “How many times have I told you, don’t scream! Don’t run around the car screaming! Sit here with me.” Naturally, the baby’s sobs follow.

You can often hear how mothers say to their children: "Don't scream!", "Speak calmly!", "Speak with words that you yell!" It turns out that children are forbidden to show what even before the appearance of the very concept of "man" people had when they ran through the trees with their tails - a scream. Shouting is considered indecent, it is shameful to disturb others, the child must behave ... and so on.

The system of bans on screaming and making a loud statement about oneself comes to the point that recently special trainings have appeared in which people are taught, provoked, forced to scream at the top of their voices, because. for decades, their parents, educators, and teachers discouraged and suppressed the right and ability to scream. This is sitting at the computer, it may seem that shouting at the top of your voice with all your might is easy. And if on some day off a person finds himself alone in the forest and says to himself: “Shout!”, then there is a high probability that such a weak one will pour out of his mouth: “Eeeeeee ...”, not at all like the triumphant cry of Tarzan.

The consequences of the fact that from a young age on a cry, and indeed on any noisy manifestation of oneself, total prohibitions are manifested in the blocking of energy centers located in the throat area, which in turn leads to blocking creativity, various diseases in this part of the body. There are special methods of singing, similar to screaming, voice exercises that reduce the degree of energy clamping, and illnesses go away on their own.

Children's screams make the adult feel his own blockage, and because it is very painful and unpleasant, the adult feels anger, a desire to run away or do anything to make the child shut up. Therefore, if a child is forbidden to scream and behave noisily, then when he grows up, most likely, he will not be able to endure the noisy and loud manifestations of his own offspring.

So, the child grows up and miraculously for some time he stops screaming. Mom, with relief, tries to forget the time of screaming, which is finally over. But some families are less fortunate. The child already understands a lot of things, learns to speak, can convey his thoughts with gestures, but does not stop screaming. He screams when he is tired, when he wants to sleep or eat, when something does not work out for him, when he wants to achieve something from his parents, he screams with tears or not for any reason, when he himself considers it necessary to scream.

It is believed that if a child, by any of his unacceptable behavior for parents, for example, by screaming, puts any pressure on the people around him, then he has formed a stereotype of behavior that needs to be worked on. pedagogical methods. Often, mothers are advised to apply ignorance to their screaming child (go to another room, do not look at the child, make an indifferent face) and the immutability of the word she said. If you already said no, then shout, do not shout - this is final, know that you will not achieve anything by shouting.

A child, by his nature, cannot express many of his inner unconscious and invisible problems in words. He can only use the most ancient way of expressing himself in the human arsenal - screaming. Shouting is always a signal "I feel bad!". And it does not matter whether the mother understands the reasons that the child is ill (tired, hungry, offended) or not. He himself does not know what he needs and why, but he makes desperate cries.

It is known that from birth to five years old, a baby develops on an unconscious level his attitude to the world around him and his idea of ​​how the world applies to him. Naturally, for an infant, his parents, the family are the very model from which the projection is taken for this "loading". Now they say that his personal picture of the world is being formed.

So what kind of picture of the world does a mother form in a child when she ignores the cries of the child? I repeat, this is a signal "I feel bad!". He unconsciously has the information "no matter how you ask for help, you still won't achieve anything, the world is indifferent to your problems and difficulties." And from huge amount It depends on other factors whether this feeling will become the leading one in an adult or whether it will be smoothed out and leveled by other favorable circumstances of life. And who knows whether this aspect of relations with the world, formed by the external environment of a small person, is not fundamental at the moment when teenage children, without any explanation and seemingly because of a trifle, attempt suicide? ..

What, then, lays in the picture of the world of the child the immutability and rigidity of the mother's "no" or "yes"? It's easy to guess. A grown-up person with such a parental policy absorbs only one thing: "you cannot change those circumstances that you do not like, in the way that you choose for this; you don’t even have to try" And what else, besides screaming and crying, can choose Small child? "Only if you behave as adults want you to, can you achieve and receive something from them (and in the future from the world and from life"). And is it really possible to be surprised at the number of people around us who do not want to do anything and achieve maturing children? Each of them contains the installation: "Why declare yourself, it's pointless. Yes, I don't know for a long time what I want from this life." And besides, the protest that arises in the soul of a small child when his natural behavior (and crying is the most natural and ancient form of self-expression) is not accepted? When you have to pretend to be accepted by your parents. Everyone knows that the most common forms of protest are bad studies, bad company, any kind of drugs, alcohol, extreme pastimes and antisocial behavior.

Of course, the mother does not need to immediately think about the terrible, one should not worry that by somehow ignoring her or a firm “no”, she has already brought unnecessary information and a negative attitude into the unconscious of the child. We are all human, and sometimes the cry of a child is really unbearable. We are talking here about a tough and systematic educational policy, which is carried out in relation to the baby by all members of his family, especially significant for him - parents and especially beloved relatives.

Over time, the effect of using ignoring the cries of the child and a firm "no" can make life extremely easier for the mother and save her from unbearable screams and violent pressure on her from the child. But every adult should definitely be aware of the consequences that their regular use for a long time has on the mental health of the baby in the future.

And for those mothers who still consider it possible to have these techniques in their pedagogical arsenal and sometimes use them in rare cases and for a change, it is worth imagining such a situation. For example, her husband comes, and her mother wants to achieve something. No matter what, we all want something from each other sometimes. And now my mother, not seeing the opportunity to quickly and immediately receive this from her husband, breaks into a cry. And the husband demonstratively leaves the room and leaves her alone to scream further, and even says: “Since you get your way by screaming, then you won’t see what you want from me. It’s said no, that means no!” Imagine what it feels like adult mother? Most likely, a deep resentment that a person close to her, instead of realizing that she broke into a cry from emotions that overwhelmed her, and not out of ill will, pays attention not to what she wants to convey to him, but to how she herself shows. And behind the offense, perhaps, there will be anger and anger that they do not see a living person in her with their shortcomings and characteristics, and a desire to somehow take revenge. How would mom want her husband to behave with her when she herself breaks into a scream? Probably, so that he would take her by the hand or hug her, saying at the same time: "My dear, I understand that you are not very good mood. It's hard for me to talk to you when you scream. I also get nervous and angry. Let's calm down, and then we'll talk and we'll definitely come to some kind of compromise." So why shouldn't mom say something similar to her baby when he demands something from her and breaks into a scream?

Growing up, the child will definitely learn other forms and ways to express himself, he will stop screaming for no reason or screaming because of invented nonsense. He will observe and learn from his parents understanding for the various conditions of people and patience. He will have a strong feeling that his parents accept him exactly as he is. And he is free to choose any of the ways to manifest himself, even the triumphant cry of Tarzan.

Victoria Karabanova

Since the early 1960s, a research group led by Prof.

Vaz-Hockert, analyzed the cry of newborns- healthy and suffering from various diseases or having congenital malformations - by spectrography. At the same time, it was shown that the sound signal has a number of specific features and that the characteristics of the cry in healthy and sick children are different.

The difference in the nature of the cry of healthy and sick children is, for example, in changes in the type of melody and the frequency of the fundamental tone. The cry of healthy newborns is mainly characterized by a descending or ascending-descending type of melody; the pitch frequency is between 400 and 650 Hz.

In cases of pain cry, a sharp change is sometimes observed- "shift" - the main frequency.

The crying characteristics of healthy children do not change significantly during the first months of life. Spectrographic analysis showed that the nature of the cry is different if the child is sick. We have found specific features of crying in children with chromosomal abnormalities, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and hypothyroidism.

The results of these studies suggest that spectrographic analysis of crying may be useful in diagnosing a number of diseases in the neonatal period. One of the very important aspects of sound spectrography is the study of the characteristics of the cry of children with various diseases affecting the central nervous system.

In this regard, an analysis was made of the cry of newborns with meningitis, as well as full-term and premature babies who underwent asphyxia. At the same time, it was possible to show that, in asphyxia, cry analysis has not only diagnostic, but also prognostic value.

This chapter summarizes the results of the joint work research groups Pediatric Clinic of the University of Helsinki and the Institute of Pediatrics of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, which made it possible to compare the cry of children who had asphyxia and the sound signals emitted by newborn rats with experimental intrauterine hypoxia.

Material concerning children was collected in Helsinki, concerning newborn rats - in Moscow. Since it has been found that the cry of premature babies differs from the cry of full-term babies, the results obtained in premature babies are not included in this work.

"Hypoxia of the fetus and newborn",
M.Ya. Studinikin

A total of 147 cry recordings were analyzed from 77 term newborns who had an Apgar score at 5 minutes of 6 or below. The results of the examination of 45 of these children were described in a previously published work; data on the remaining 32 children are presented for the first time. All recordings were made during the first week of life, mainly on the first day. As…

In previous studies, additional characteristics of the cry were also used. Those characteristics that are not given here were either uninteresting from the point of view of clinical work, or turned out to be uninformative when analyzing the effect of asphyxia. Painful cry of a child Painful cry of a healthy (a) and a child with pathology (b). In the first case - the main frequency of the sound signal is low, the type of melody is a decrease or ...

The characteristics of the cry of newborns to a certain extent depend on the functioning of the sound-reproducing apparatus, but they are mainly determined by the state of the central nervous system, since the impulses necessary to start and stop crying are of central origin. In addition, previous studies have shown that the characteristics of crying in children with laryngeal disorders and those with lesions of the central nervous system are different. We have established…

We analyzed about 400 sound signals recorded in 69 Wistar rats during the first 3 days of life. Three groups of animals were used: control pups born from non-operated females (20), control pups from operated females (21), and pups that underwent intrauterine hypoxia (28). The operation was performed under ether anesthesia, the umbilical cord was clamped with a small hook. Clamping continued until...

A woman walking the nations knows one thing, the most important thing for her is the importance of hearing the first cry of her newborn child in the first minute after birth. We know that the faster and louder the child cries, the healthier he will be. In fact, the cry of a baby is nothing more than a sign of physiological maturity. When the fetus is still in the womb, its glottis is tightly closed to prevent amniotic fluid from entering the respiratory system. Once the baby is born, his glottis is still closed. And the first cry of a newborn child occurs due to exhalation from a narrowed gap.

Wrong to believe and trust folk omens, which say that the first cry of a newborn baby is his attitude to everything that happens. Some grandmothers have gone so far in their predictions that they claim that, they say, a newborn cries at birth, because he knows how hard life awaits him. These are just tales and they have no scientific background.

Scientists say that the cry of a newborn is not at all a signal of painful sensations. On the contrary, babies have no pain reactions at all for some period. It's just that kids are so savvy that they soon realize that yelling is the most effective way to get their parents' attention. This is what they use.

To hear the cry of your baby immediately after his birth, it is necessary to take a responsible approach not only to the birth process, but to the entire pregnancy. Unfortunately, few future mom approaches the birth process with full awareness of what is happening with her body, with an understanding of the physiology and psychology of childbirth. Most women rely on mother nature, in the hope that she herself will do everything right. In fact, in order for pregnancy and childbirth to be successful, you need to prepare yourself for them in advance.

It is necessary to approach especially carefully the observance of all recommendations of obstetricians and gynecologists in the last weeks of pregnancy. This is the time that is given to you so that you set yourself up emotionally for the upcoming changes in your life. Finish all the things at work, get more rest, try to improve sleep and spend more time in the fresh air. Leading an unhealthy lifestyle, nervous shocks, emotional distress, chronic lack of sleep are factors that can provoke premature birth. Premature babies are most at risk of harm to health in the first minutes of life, due to an imperfectly formed respiratory system.

Responsibly approach the examination of your health and the health of the future dad before conception. The percentage of infection of children during the birth process with various infections from the mother is huge. Infections penetrate into the defenseless and fragile infant organism during passage through the birth canal. And if for the mother the bacteria could be absolutely harmless, then for the newborn they are dangerous and aggressive. Note that almost all children become infected with various infections during childbirth, but a full-term healthy child can easily cope with diseases, while for premature baby a mild infection can cause irreparable harm to health, and become a serious threat to his life.

During the entire pregnancy, be observed by an experienced doctor, follow all the recommendations, attend special courses and trainings for future parents who will teach you how to cope with pain during childbirth. And then you can fully enjoy the loud healthy first cry of your newborn baby.

How to understand why a recently born baby is crying?

Should I call a doctor immediately or will I be able to cope on my own?

These questions are often asked by young mothers on forums and social networks.

The reason is ignorance of the rules of conduct. The baby is learning to live in a new space. Parents have no experience with strangers. Learn how to understand the baby, what to do to alleviate his suffering. Learn to adapt to each other.

Why can a week-old baby cry? Reasons and recommendations

Newborn children tend to attract the attention of others with a cry: they do not know how to express their needs in a different way. The crying of a baby is a manifestation of the body's reaction to pain, hunger or fear.

It is more difficult to determine the cause of a cry in a baby up to one month old. This is a period of active adaptation of the body to a new environment for a newborn child. The older the fool, the easier it is to identify the source of anxiety. After saturation, a one-month-old baby falls asleep for 1.5-2 hours. It is not uncommon for a fed infant to have other reasons for crying (such as colic).

Depending on the character and temperament, each baby shows discontent in its own way. There are temperamental children who react to minor discomfort with tens of decibels of screaming. Quiet is another matter. Patient crumbs are focused on themselves and do not seek to capture the attention of those around them. A common reaction of introverts is grunting and whimpering.

Additional help is reading the "language" of the infant's body:

• flexion and extension of the legs;
• hand waving;
• facial muscle movements.

Crying child: what to do to overcome hysteria?

Many mothers are concerned about the question: “Should I take the kids in my arms?”. The answer depends on the adaptability of the infant and the cause of the discomfort. If the source of discomfort is not eliminated, it is useless to calm the child.

A time-tested technique is to take the baby in your arms, and sing a lullaby while rocking. As an option, put music in the style of “relaxation”, melodic classics. The baby will fall asleep quickly. The reverse side of the problem is that the baby learns to manipulate adults.

A prerequisite for stopping the cry is an even mood. Parents are strictly prohibited from shouting, threatening and waving their arms. In this case, the baby's natural reaction is increased crying, increased intracranial pressure and temperature.

An incomplete list of motives for screaming:

1. hunger;
2. weather dependence;
3. overflowing with impressions or insufficiency;
4. unsuitable conditions for sleep and wakefulness;
5. neglect of parental responsibilities;
6. inattention, fatigue and insecurity of young parents;
7. sensations of the crumbs caused by painful manifestations:

• underdevelopment of some organs: gastrointestinal tract (GIT), foreskin;
• allergic reactions on the skin, cuts, dislocations, wounds;
• postpartum complications;
• heredity.

How to understand the cause by the sounds of a crying baby under one month old?

There are several techniques that study the crying of newborns. Experts observed the behavior of babies at home. The cries were examined for persistence, duration, irritability, and frequency of sounds. An interesting observation: no characteristic differences were found in newborn boys and girls.

Types of baby cry

• whimpering: intermittent, monotonous; it is immediately evident that the child is pushing to produce sounds;
• invocative: by the nature of the tones it is similar to a whimpering one, but the baby is crying without visible effort;
• plaintive: quiet, continuous, hysterical, grunting sound;
• intense: powerful, loud, often starts with a low timbre, gradually moves to high sounds, often with choking.

The nature of the cry depends on the cause.

1. Crying from hunger begins with the whimpering of a child. If there is no response, the volume increases and the frequency decreases. At the last stage, the scream turns into a continuous roar.
2. Crying from pain - plaintive, if the malaise is mild - whimpering. In sudden onset pain, the timbre and volume are intense. Sometimes crying goes into a hysterical phase. An immediate reaction is required from parents if crying suddenly stops - this is an alarm signal that requires a parental response. Better to call an ambulance.
3. Crying from fear begins with the sounds of the upper register: loud, often immediately with choking.
4. Crying from discomfort not related to pain - whimpering.

What to do when a newborn baby cries often?

In fashion - recommendations to adhere to a strict regimen: get up by the clock, feed, walk, bathe. This is taught in schools to young mothers, advised when discharged from the hospital, written in books and the media. Many guides explaining the reasons for the behavior of the baby. In practice, young parents are faced with the ineffectiveness of recommendations.

The human body is a complex system, each person has its own characteristics. The recommendations of pediatricians are based on statistics. The behavior of a particular child differs from the actions of peers. Parents should take into account the achievements of pediatricians, but draw final conclusions - taking into account the individuality of the baby.

How do most babies report hunger, inappropriate conditions, diaper rash, colic?

Signs of hunger in a newborn baby

A common cause of undernourishment of the crumbs is the lack of experience of the parents. The body of a temperamental child with good heredity requires a lot of energy. In a sickly and quiet baby, motor activity is lower, the need for mother's milk is less pronounced.

The causes of malnutrition include the scarcity of milk production. It is important for mothers to identify the cause of crying in time by adding artificial mixtures to the diet. Another source of crying is profuse regurgitation of milk during or after feeding.

The baby shows hunger by behavior:

• makes sounds resembling grumbling;
• starts to act up;
• turns into loud and almost continuous crying.

Characteristic signs of crying: a newborn baby opens its mouth and smacks its lips slightly.

There are two verification methods.

1. Attach a bent little finger to the lips of a child lying in a stroller. If the baby is hungry, this will be reported by his restless behavior, turning his head in different directions, stretching the body after the finger.
2. When the mother takes the baby in her arms, the baby is restlessly looking for the breast.

Climatic conditions

In adults, the skin is a barrier that prevents overheating or hypothermia. In infants, the function of heat transfer is in the formative stage. Infants react sharply to any change in temperature.

Some babies tolerate heat well, but are sensitive to coolness, while others are the other way around. One of the “barometers” for determining temperature parameters is the wrist of a newborn baby.

The characteristic signs of hypothermia include: first - plaintive crying, then - the occurrence of hiccups. The hiccups periodically turn into a sobbing cry.

The appearance of the skin is pale. When applying the palm - a noticeable cooling of the skin of the child.

A newborn baby who is overheated has purple skin. Instinctively, a newborn baby kicks its legs and waves its arms. If the baby is swaddled, it will begin to bend. Manifestations of overheating - loud choking crying.

Some infants are weather dependent from birth. They react sharply to phenomena to which the baby, due to little life experience, has not adapted:

• thaw to frost;
• heat to cold.

Important indicators: wind force, pressure, air humidity.

Diaper rash in a newborn baby

A common cause of crying is wet diapers. About gastric emptying (or Bladder) a newborn baby reports grunting, which gradually turns into an intense cry. If the parents do not react quickly enough, irritations occur in the perineum, buttocks and leg creases. To relieve itching, the baby pulls to the priest and combs the genitals.

A sign of wet diapers: the child twists, fidgets on the bed, trying to move to another place. If the hands are free, the fold or edge of the diaper is enough.

• instead of reusable diapers, use gauze, cotton diapers, old sheets;
• after each emptying of the bladder (or stomach) - lubricate wounds and diaper rash special cream or medicinal product.

If skin irritations are noticeable, but no wounds appear, use special diapers (with biological products) intended for night rest.

Crying from colic

Colic is pain in the form of spasms, to which a newborn baby reacts by crying. Typical for children from birth to 3-4 months. When feeding, the baby swallows air. The baby eats a lot: enzymes do not have time to digest all the food entering the stomach. Gases are formed. As the body adapts, the quantity and quality of enzymes begins to correspond to the mass of food.

Each child has characteristic signs and the period of occurrence of colic. For some children it is early in the morning, for others it is in the afternoon, and for others it is in the evening. With colic, most babies drop their breasts and start screaming.

External manifestations of anxiety from colic: redness of the skin, a loud choking cry. Released from the diaper, the baby swings his legs and arms with great energy.

The method of calming is in finding a position that brings relief to a newborn child. One child calms down in a classic position: lying in a horizontal position in the mother's arms. Others prefer the “column” position (when the baby’s head rests on the parent’s shoulder or rests on the chin).

A good result: put something warm on the newborn's stomach, such as an ironed diaper or a warm heating pad. Alternatively, tie a woolen scarf around the body.

This is the most probable causes explaining the constant crying of children under the age of 1-3 months. Parents need:

• to study the achievements of specialists;
• monitor the condition of the newborn child;
• check with your pediatrician regularly.