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GBPOU "Nizhny Novgorod Provincial College" "Working activities of children preschool age»

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RELEVANCE Labor education in a preschool educational institution is an important means of comprehensive development of the personality of a preschooler through familiarization with the work of adults, familiarizing children with an accessible labor activity. The upbringing of the younger generation to be hardworking has always been the primary task of all educational institutions. The problems of labor education are quite relevant for preschool children, since at this stage the child develops personal qualities, skills and desire for work. Industriousness is most successfully formed at preschool age. Their lack of formation at this age stage becomes an obstacle in teaching and learning. cognitive activity and subsequent adaptation in independent labor activity. PURPOSE - to reveal the essence and features of the labor activity of preschoolers.

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ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEM OF LABOR ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN V.A. Sukhomlinsky repeatedly noted that any work makes a person creative, more joyful, smart, cultured, educated. A.S. Makarenko emphasized that in order to successfully solve problems in labor education preschoolers, the creation of the necessary conditions is of paramount importance. According to E.I. Radina, in joint work, an adult can act as a role model not only with his skills, but also with his attitude to work. Scientists have made a significant contribution to the development of the problem of identifying the signs and components of the industriousness of preschool children. However, the problem of educating the industriousness of preschoolers as the main personality trait still remains insufficiently developed.

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THE CONCEPT AND FEATURES OF WORK ACTIVITY Labor is a powerful educator in the pedagogical system of education (AS Makarenko). Labor education is the upbringing of a conscious attitude and inclinations to work as a basic vital need, through the formation of a habit of work by including the individual in active labor activity. Labor activity is an activity aimed at developing children's general labor skills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude to work and its products, and a conscious choice of profession. The labor activity of preschool children is an important means of education, mental development and is of particular importance for the formation moral qualities. Labor education and labor activity is a necessary, most important condition for the development of children's independence.

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OBJECTIVES OF WORK ACTIVITY Preschool pedagogy identifies the following main tasks of children's labor activity: familiarization with the work of adults and inculcating respect for it. training in the simplest labor skills and abilities. fostering interest in work, diligence and independence. The education of socially directed labor motives, the ability to work in a team and for the team.

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Tasks of labor education of preschoolers (L. V. Kutsakova) GOAL - FORMATION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO LABOR FORMATION OF PREREQUISITES FOR LABOR ACTIVITY EDUCATION OF THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY EDUCATION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO LABOR OF ADULTS TASKS Formation of labor skills work of adults education of respect for to the working person, a careful attitude to the results of his work, the upbringing of the desire to provide all possible assistance, the upbringing of personal qualities, the upbringing of industriousness, the upbringing of positive relationships between children

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"Education program in kindergarten"reveals the volume of labor skills and abilities that children of each age group: 1st junior group - The introduction of children to work begins, the main type of work at this age is self-service. 2nd junior group - The formation of children's desire for feasible work continues. Middle group - Children actively master various labor skills and methods of labor in nature, household work and self-service. Senior group- Added manual labor. Emphasis is placed on the formation of all the skills available to children in various types labor. Formed conscious attitude and interest in work, the ability to achieve results. Preparatory group - Formed skills and abilities are being improved.

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TYPES OF WORK ACTIVITIES FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Self-service Household labor Manual labor Labor in nature Labor aimed at meeting everyday personal needs Aimed at cleaning a group room, area Aimed at caring for and growing plants in a corner of nature, in a garden, in a flower garden. Aimed at maintaining order in the group: gluing books, boxes, accessible repair of toys, etc.

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FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES ORDERS OF DUTY COLLECTIVE WORK Individual Subgroup Collective General Individual Subgroup Mandatory systematic According to the canteen, classes Episodic Long-term Delayed in time According to the canteen, classes, in the corner of nature In the senior prepared. So middle group common labor joint labor younger age older age

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DUTY - a form of organization of children's labor, which implies the obligatory performance by the child of work aimed at serving the team. The children take turns in different types duty, which ensures their systematic participation in work. The appointment and change of attendants occurs daily. Duty puts the child in the conditions of mandatory performance of certain tasks necessary for the team. This allows children to educate responsibility to the team, caring, as well as understanding the need for their work for everyone.

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ASSIGNMENTS are tasks that the teacher occasionally gives to one or more children, taking into account their age and individual capabilities, experience, and educational tasks. The fulfillment of labor assignments contributes to the formation in children of interest in work, a sense of responsibility for the task assigned.

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COLLECTIVE WORK - collective can be called a form of labor organization in which children, along with labor tasks, also solve moral ones: they agree on the division of labor, help each other if necessary, “sick” for the quality of common, joint work. LABOR "GENERAL" - with a common goal, each child performs some part of the work independently (combines a common task and a common result). 1 OBJECTIVE 2 RESULT 3 WORK "JOINT" - the presence of close dependence on partners, the pace and quality of activity. The goal, as in common work, is the same. GOAL 1 2 3 RESULT

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Not every common and even not every joint work is collective. But every collective work is common and joint.

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MEANS OF LABOR EDUCATION Children's own labor activity; Training in labor skills and organization of work; Acquaintance with the work of adults; Organization of labor activity; Artistic media: fiction, music, works of fine art, filmstrips, video films

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THE SPECIFICITY OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY OF A PRESCHOOL CHILD The work of a child is closely connected with the game. Performing a labor task, children often switch to the game. Labor satisfies the child's need for self-affirmation, for the knowledge of his own abilities, and brings him closer to adults. In the process of labor, children acquire labor skills and abilities that help the child become independent from an adult and independent. The labor of children has no real material reward. The work of the child is situational and optional. All components of the labor activity of preschoolers are in the development stage and necessarily involve the participation and assistance of an adult.

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CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ACTIVITY Creation of an emotionally positive working atmosphere. Organization of the material environment and labor equipment. Accounting for individual interests. The systematic inclusion of each child in labor as a partner. Accounting for the load, health status, abilities of the child. Creation of motivation and labor activity. For the development of the ability to set a goal in labor activity, it is important to realize the goal, the ability to see the result, the possession of methods of action, skills. In the formation of purposeful labor activity, it is important not only what and how the child does, but also for what he works. It is necessary to praise and encourage the labor activity of the child. Hard work cannot be punished. Educators should provide parents with the necessary assistance in organizing the work of their pupils at home. It should always be remembered that only in close cooperation with the family can the task of labor education of the child be successfully solved.

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CONCLUSION In conclusion, I would like to say that the process of developing the labor activity of preschool children requires purposeful pedagogical guidance, which consists in establishing influential ways to manage this process. After all, the labor education of the younger generation is one of the most important tasks of our society. most main feature child labor activity is that, despite the presence in it of all the structural components of the activity, they are still in the development stage and necessarily involve the participation and assistance of an adult. Therefore, the role of the educator in the development of the work activity of a preschooler is the most important. The development of the labor activity of preschool children will be successfully carried out if all conditions are met during the labor activity of the child.

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“LABOR HAVE ALWAYS BEEN THE BASIS FOR HUMAN LIFE AND CULTURE, THEREFORE, IN EDUCATIONAL WORK, LABOR SHOULD BE ONE OF THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS” A. S. MAKARENKO

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Department of Education and Youth Affairs of the Municipal Formation "Medvedevskiy Municipal District" MDOBU "Novoarbansky Kindergarten "Rainbow" Types of work
Popova Elvira Ivanovna, senior educator 2016

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Types of labor activity
-Self-service Household labor Labor in nature Manual labor

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Second group early age
Self-service. We form the initial skills of self-service, it is important to teach children to eat, wash, dress and undress on their own. Household work. It is necessary to involve in joint work with them feasible work, to give them instructions that they can carry out. Labor in nature Organization of labor activity: -Assignments -Joint activities of children and adults

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Junior group.
Self-service. It is very important that children follow the hygiene rules meaningfully. Household work The educator is more systematic than in the first junior group encourages children to work. But all this also happens with the help of visual-effective methods of organizing labor activity. labor in nature. A child of this age is taught to carry out the simplest tasks of adults: with the help of a teacher, water indoor plants, wipe large leaves of flowers, sow seeds, and harvest.

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Organization of labor activity
-Orders. - Joint visual-effective activity with the teacher. - By the end of the year, the dining room is on duty.

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Middle group.
Self-service. The children are given the task of providing mutual assistance when dressing: tying a scarf, teaching how to tie shoes, helping each other get dressed, etc. Household work. The content of household labor becomes more complicated mainly due to an increase in the number of processes of this labor. By the end of the year, children independently maintain order in the group and on the site, take part in cleaning (wipe shelves, wash toys, etc.). Children master the integral processes of household work: washing doll clothes, washing toys, setting the table. labor in nature. Children do work assignments on their own

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Organization of labor activity.
- Assignments - Joint activities of children with a teacher. - Dining room duty, in a corner of nature, OOD

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Senior and preparatory group
Self-service. The educator shows how to perform it easier and better, without turning this process into petty care. The teacher tries to teach children to check themselves. One of the forms of organizing self-service for older preschoolers is now the education of younger children. Household work. The requirements for independence and the quality of the actions performed are increasing. Children are taught the skills to plan their own and common work ability to negotiate, distribute responsibilities, select and rationally use equipment.

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labor in nature. Older preschoolers need to be taught to work in all seasons. In the autumn they harvest, rake the leaves, dig up the beds. In winter, they feed the birds, take part in clearing the paths from snow. In the spring, they dig and loosen the earth, make beds and plant seeds. In the summer they take care of the plants, water, loosen and weed. Children must learn how to use working equipment correctly: a shovel, a scoop, a watering can, a rake. They are taught to do the work diligently, to protect materials and objects of labor. Organization of labor activity. - Orders. - Collaboration with the teacher. - Duty in the dining room and classes, in a corner of nature. - Collective work.

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Manual labor This is a specific activity aimed at making a real object that can be used in games, entertainment, and everyday life. Stages of work. -1 stage - acquaintance with the properties of materials. - Stage 2 - training in manufacturing techniques. - Stage 3 - making crafts. Improving the ability to work with paper: bend the sheet four times in different directions; work on finished pattern. Teach how to thread a needle, tie a knot; sew on a button, hanger; sew the simplest products with a seam "forward with a needle." Teach how to make an appliqué using pieces of fabric of various textures, apply a contour with a crayon and cut it out in accordance with the intended plot. Working with natural material: creating figures of people, animals, birds from acorns, cones, seeds, etc., conveying the expressiveness of the image, creating general compositions.

“Labor becomes a great educator when it enters the life of pupils, gives the joy of friendship and camaraderie, develops inquisitiveness and curiosity, gives rise to new beauty in the surrounding world, awakens the first civic feeling - the feeling of the creator of material goods, without which human life is impossible. V.A. Sukhomlinsky

3. Poverty, narrowness and unsystematic knowledge of children about the work of adults. The relevance of the problem of labor education of preschoolers: 1. Decreased interest in work. 4. Low level the formation of labor activity by the end of preschool age. 2. The lack of desire among older preschoolers to participate in everyday work activities. 5. In the practice of family and public education, an authoritarian model of labor activity management is widespread, which is expressed in the following: Forcible inclusion of a child in labor activity, Excessive regulation of the child’s actions, Threat of punishment for bad attitude to work, Punishment by labor for bad behavior, Dissatisfaction with the inability of the child.

The structure of the labor process Purpose, Subject Tools Labor Result motive (material) of labor action of labor labor labor labor (tools) The central connection of the concept of labor is the connection of transformation, the creation of a product of labor to meet the needs of people.

Features of child labor A child does not create socially significant material values. The work of children is educative. Closeness of work to play. Labor skills and abilities of children are not professional, they help the child to become independent and independent. Situational, optional nature of work. Having all the structural components of activity, the child's labor is in its infancy, so adult guidance is needed.

Education of the personality of the child in the process of individual and collective labor activity: education right attitude to one's own work; education of personal qualities (hard work, independence, perseverance, responsibility); fostering positive relationships between children in the process of work. Tasks of labor education 3

Means of labor education S.A. Kozlova, A.Sh. Shakhmanova V.I. Loginova, M.V. Krulecht 1. Own labor activity. 2. Familiarization with the work of adults. 3. Artistic means (works of fiction, music, visual arts). 1. Formation of systemic knowledge about the work of adults. 2. Training in holistic work processes. 3. Independent labor activity of children.

Self-service is work aimed at serving oneself (washing, dressing, undressing, etc.) Social significance: - frees others from serving oneself; - the child masters all the components of labor activity and independence. The content of labor education and types of labor

Household work is the work of cleaning the premises, participation in the organization of household processes and social activities, etc. The peculiarity of household work is its social orientation, i.e. meeting the needs of other children and adults. The content of labor education and types of labor

Labor in nature Caring for plants and animals, growing vegetables, landscaping, etc. Meaning: it has a beneficial effect not only on the development of labor skills, but also on the education of moral feelings, lays the foundation for environmental education. Features: - The result of this type of labor can be a material product (harvest). This brings child labor closer to that of adults; - most often this type of work has a delayed result; - labor in nature is always associated with living objects, therefore it forms a careful, responsible, cautious attitude towards the environment; - gives the opportunity to develop cognitive interests at the same time. The content of labor education and types of labor

Manual and artistic work Aimed at satisfying the aesthetic needs of a person. Contents - making crafts from natural material, paper, cardboard, fabric, wood. Artistic work in preschool presented in two directions: - making handicrafts, - decorating the group's premises with their own products for the holidays, decorating exhibitions, etc. The content of labor education and types of labor

Instruction - a request addressed to the child - an adult to perform any labor action. 1 By form of organization: - individual - subgroup - general By duration: - short-term - long-term By content (corresponding to types of labor): - self-service - household - labor in nature - manual labor

General labor This form of labor organization, when children work simultaneously, performing each individual task that is part of the common cause. 1 Goal 2 Result Joint work This form of labor organization, when one child qualitatively performs his one stage of work, repeating any operation many times, and transfers the result of his work to the next child, who continues to work further. Goal Result

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Presentation on the topic: Labor education of students

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In the conditions of the school, the following tasks of labor education are solved: the formation among students of a positive attitude towards work as the highest value in life, high social motives for labor activity; the development of a cognitive interest in knowledge, the need for creative work, the desire to apply knowledge in practice; the education of high moral qualities, diligence, duty and responsibility, purposefulness and enterprise, efficiency and honesty; equipping students with a variety of labor skills and abilities, forming the foundations of a culture of mental and physical labor.

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The content of labor education is determined by the named tasks, as well as a number of conditions, opportunities and traditions of the school. The substantive basis of labor education is the following types of labor: -mental labor (it is the most intense, requires great willpower, patience, perseverance); -physical labor (here conditions are created for the manifestation of moral qualities by children, collectivism. Mutual assistance, respect for people and their results activities); Socially useful work is organized in the interests of the entire team and each child individually. It includes self-service labor, summer work on the school lot, and other types of labor.

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The success of labor education depends on its proper organization, compliance with certain pedagogical conditions: Subordination of labor to educational and educational tasks; Combination of the social significance of labor with the personal interests of the student; Accessibility and feasibility of labor activity; Reasonable exactingness in the implementation of the labor activity of students; individual forms labor activity. Labor education is the foundation of creative activity and effectiveness in educational activities, in the civil and moral development of the individual, and gradually leads students to the choice of profession.

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Labor is the main source of the material and spiritual wealth of society, the main criterion for the social prestige of a person, his sacred duty, the foundation of personal development. Properly carried out labor education, the direct participation of schoolchildren in socially useful, productive labor, is a factor in the moral and intellectual formation of the personality, its physical development. No matter how it turned out further fate graduates, labor skills and hardening are required for them in any field of activity.

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The development of consciousness. Views and beliefs on the issues of industriousness are carried out primarily in the process of training sessions. Educational material contains many examples and facts. Allowing to reveal the beneficial effects of labor on a person, his feelings and moral formation.

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In the structure of industriousness as a personal quality, perhaps the main thing is labor skills and abilities. In biology lessons, wholesale children study the scientific foundations of gardening and crop production. Practical confirmation of these foundations takes place in practical classes.

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Growing various crops on the school plot, caring for them, harvesting - the guys get the initial knowledge about the professions that they can use in adulthood. Participation in productive work develops students' inclinations, needs for work. They learn the meaning of ecological concepts and categories.

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Our task is to teach children to love the earth, to work, to create, not to destroy, to form a person who can overcome difficulties and achieve results on the way to the goal, to teach children to appreciate life and bring joy to people, this is the basis of morality, preparing them for independent life. To solve, as far as possible, the problem of labor education and vocational training of pupils. So that graduates are ready for an independent life, for running their own household, which means they do not have to think about how to earn money by honest labor to support themselves and their families. This means that our children in the difficult times of the market economy will always find a job they like in rural areas, because basically we bring up children from the villages of the region and after graduation they return to their homes. There will also be more workers in the countryside.

Labor education- this is a joint activity of the educator and pupils, aimed at developing the latter general laborskills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude to work and its products, a conscious choice of profession.

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ZF - 211/096 - 4-1Plast Completed by: Yasko Nadezhda Petrovna Labor education of preschool children

Plan of the concept "Labor", "Labor education"; Great teachers about work; Types of work of preschoolers; Tasks of labor education; Forms of labor organization; Means, methods and techniques of labor education; Working with teachers; Conclusion; Bibliography.

The concepts of "Labor", "Labor education". Labor is a powerful educator, in the pedagogical system of education A.S. Makarenko. Labor is the basis. But what is labor is not at all what the hands of a child, a teenager are busy with. Labor is what develops a small person, supports him, helps him to assert himself. Diligence and the ability to work are not given by nature, but are brought up from early childhood. Labor must be creative, because it is creative labor that makes a person spiritually rich.

Labor makes a person physically move. And, finally, work should bring joy, bring happiness, well-being. You can also say that labor is a manifestation of people about each other. Labor education is a joint activity of the educator and pupils, aimed at developing the latter's general labor skills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude to work and its products, and a conscious choice of profession.

Understanding the huge role of labor in the upbringing of the younger generation, this topic was often touched upon in their works. And Veliky Ushinsky, and A..C. Makarenko, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, N.K. Krupskaya. Great teachers about work.

Great importance was attached to labor education by K. D. Ushinsky, who in many of his works determined the theoretical and methodological view of the work of children. He wrote: “Education should not only develop the mind, arm with knowledge, but also kindle in a person a thirst for serious work, without which his life cannot be either worthy or happy.” "Free labor is needed by man in itself for the development and maintenance of human dignity"

The great teacher "V.A. Sukhomlinsky" wrote that work becomes a great educator when it enters the spiritual life of our students, gives the joy of friendship and camaraderie, develops inquisitiveness and curiosity, gives rise to the exciting joy of overcoming difficulties, reveals more and more new beauty in the world around, awakens the first civic feeling - the feeling of the creator of material goods, without which human life is impossible. In labor activity, the people see the most important means of self-expression, self-affirmation of the individual. Without labor, a person becomes an empty place. An important educational task is to ensure that the sense of personal dignity and personal pride of each pupil is based on labor success.

N.K. Krupskaya in her works repeatedly emphasized the need to accustom children from an early age to the simplest types of labor available to them, noting that in this way they get acquainted with the properties of materials, learn how to work with various tools. In work, children show activity, ingenuity, perseverance, the desire to achieve results, they develop a desire to provide all possible assistance to adults. The special significance of N.K. Krupskaya attached to the unification of children in labor, pointing out that “the joint work of children should be especially valued - these are the beginnings collective labor. In this collective work, the forces of the child are best deployed.

AS Makarenko, in a lecture on labor education, revealed the important role of elementary types of domestic work of children, noting that it forms independence, responsibility, self-organization, and purposefulness of their behavior. Children who know how to work, know the value of labor efforts, respect the work of other people, are more likely to pay attention to a person who needs help. Like N.K. Krupskaya, A.S. Makarenko attached special importance to the collective child labor in which the mutual responsibility of the participants arises. In the works of A.S. Makarenko contains recommendations on the organization of children's labor with a gradual complication of its content, an increase in the level of requirements for self-organization, emphasizes the need for constant labor duties of children in the family, their participation in common concerns.

The tasks of labor education in the preschool educational institution Teaching labor skills and skills, their further improvement Raising interest in work, diligence, responsibility, independence Familiarization with the work of adults, fostering respect for the worker and the results of his work, the desire to provide all possible assistance Forming relationships and acquiring social experience of interaction ( education of socially oriented labor motives, skills to work in a team and for the team)

Creation of an emotionally positive environment in the labor process Selection of equipment for labor Systematic inclusion of each child in labor as a partner Conditions for organizing the work of children Creation of motivation for work Demonstration of the teacher's interest Encouragement in the process and based on the results of labor Creation of a working atmosphere in the group useful deeds Accounting for the load, state of health, interests, abilities of the child

Types of work Self-service Manual and arts. labor Household Labor in nature

Self-service is the work of a child aimed at serving himself (dressing, undressing, eating, making a bed, toys, preparing a workplace, sanitary and hygienic procedures, etc.)

Household work is aimed at serving the team, maintaining cleanliness and order in the room and area, helping adults to organize regime moments.

Work in nature - caring for plants, aquarium inhabitants and animals, growing vegetables in the garden and plants in a corner of nature, a flower garden, a site.

Manual and artistic labor is aimed at satisfying the aesthetic needs of a person, develops constructive and Creative skills children.

Forms of organization of children's work Orders on duty Collective work Individual Subgroup Collective General Short-term Long-term Episodic Regular Simple Complex Individual Subgroup (in the canteen; in the corner of nature; preparation for classes) Mandatory Systematic General work Joint work

Means, methods and techniques of labor education GCD Joint activity during regime moments throughout the day Observation of the work of adults Organization of labor activity and all possible assistance to adults Excursions Artistic means (art, music, fiction, etc.) Didactic, desktop, s / r Games Viewing pictures, illustrations, pictures Use of ICT Integration of educational areas

Working with teachers Pedagogical Council "System work dow on moral and labor education of preschoolers "

1. Thematic control: "The state of work in the preschool educational institution for labor education" 2. Review competition"Best corner of duty"

3.Festival pedagogical projects: "Garden on the window" (1 ml. gr.) "About those who work in kindergarten" (2 ml. gr.) 4. Questioning of educators: "Difficulties in organizing the work of children"

Consultations: "Formation of a positive attitude towards work among preschool children" 2. "Moral and labor education of older preschoolers" 3. "The importance of labor education in the development of the personality of a preschooler" 4. "Familiarization with the work of adults"

Open views Purpose: "Demonstration of the use of various forms of work with children on labor education:"

"Work orders"

"Collective work" (in nature, household work)

"Organization of duty"

Algorithms of labor actions

Working with parents parent meetings Conversations Consultations Open days Thematic stands Lectures Participation in the life of preschool educational institutions Subbotniks Environmental, labor actions

Conclusion Thus, labor activity is one of the important factors in the education of the individual. Being included in the labor process, the child radically changes the whole idea of ​​himself and the world around him. Self-esteem changes radically. It changes under the influence of success in work, which in turn changes the authority of the child in kindergarten. The main developing function of labor is the transition from self-esteem to self-knowledge. In addition, in the process of work, abilities, skills and abilities develop. New types of thinking are formed in labor activity. As a result of collective work, the child receives the skills of work, communication, cooperation, which improves the adaptation of the child in society. Labor is an equivalent subject of the curriculum.

References Bure R.S. "Teach children to work" Krupskaya N.K. " preschool education children" Markova T. A. "Education of industriousness among preschoolers" Makarenko A. S. "Education at work" Nechaeva V. G. "Labor education in kindergarten" Pedagogy / Ed. Yu.K. Babansky. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M .: Education, 1988. Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia: In 2 volumes. / Ch. ed. V.V. Davydov. – M., 1993-2000 otherreferats.allbest.ru shporiforall.ru › books/ doshkolnaya_pedagogika … obrazov-ralat.edu.cap.ru vseodetishkax.ru

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