Spiritual and moral education in dow. Work with parents on spiritual and moral education of children Work with children on spiritual and moral education
IMPLEMENTATION OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SMALL RURAL SCHOOL IN THE INTERACTION OF SOCIETY
L.M. Sherengovskaya, director of the school
Municipal budgetary educational institution "Temenichskaya secondary school" of the Bryansk region
I see more and more clearly that the key to everything is in education.
There's a twist to everything. This is the longest, but the right way.
L.N. Tolstoy.
Of all the sciences that a man should know,
the main thing is the science of how to live,
doing as little evil as possible and as much as possible more good.
L.N. Tolstoy
Ancient philosophers said that a person is born twice: once physically, the other spiritually.
Spirituality and morality are the most important, basic characteristics of a person. Spirituality is manifested in the desire of a person to build his relationship with the outside world on the basis of goodness, truth, beauty, to build his life on the basis of harmony with the outside world and himself. Morality is a combination general principles behavior of people towards each other and society. Spirituality and morality are concepts that exist in an inseparable unity. In their absence, the disintegration of personality and culture begins.
The problem of spiritual and moral education has always been one of the most urgent, and in modern conditions it takes on special significance. Profound changes in the socio-economic and political life of society led to a change in value orientations and, first of all, had a great influence on the younger generation, which had a particularly negative impact on moral, patriotic and labor education.
The rejection of the ideology of the past led to the collapse of the "connection of times", a sense of belonging to the history of their homeland. Low-grade literature, the film industry, the mass media conduct destructive anti-spiritual propaganda, become the cause of blurring the criteria of morality. In society in recent decades, a bet has been placed on material values and base feelings of people: money, things, profit, entertainment, cruelty and individualism.
It should be noted that the state of family relations has recently been very disappointing. The role of the family in shaping the personality, its character, traditions, work skills, norms of behavior and value orientation has significantly decreased. Many families have ceased to give their children a full-fledged upbringing; worse than that, they often turn into a hotbed of drunkenness, petty-bourgeois psychology, consumerism and hypocrisy.
There are many reasons for this situation. Here are the unresolved many material problems, the lack of clear positive life guidelines for the younger generation, a sharp deterioration in the moral situation in society, a decline in cultural, leisure, and sports work with children and youth.
The idea of Russia's spiritual revival can only be realized on the basis of its own history, culture and traditions. To implement this idea, important program documents have been developed and adopted in recent years both at the federal and regional levels. One of the most important is the "Concept of spiritual moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia”, the authors of which are A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov and which became " methodological basis standard of general education".
Kondakov A.M., a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education, who is one of the developers of the “Concept”, noted that “the very fact of its appearance means that the key goal of education and the result of the activities of each educational institution is the formation of the personality of a citizen of Russia. The concept is a kind of "terms of reference" for the development of both curricula and programs for extracurricular activities ".
What opportunities and what features does rural
school in the formation of the spiritual and moral qualities of schoolchildren in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard?
Spiritual and moral education in any educational institution is not only the assimilation of the necessary knowledge, but also the organization of students' activities aimed at fostering a culture of high experiences, creating the necessary socio-pedagogical environment for this. Therefore, the "Program of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of Students" is a component of the educational program of each educational organization.
In accordance with the Concept, spiritual and moral education begins with the cultivation of a sense of love for the Motherland, with patriotism and citizenship. “Mother”, “father”, “Motherland”, “my city”, “my village”, “my home” and much more should be unconditional shrines for everyone.
The system of educational work of the MBOU "Temenichskaya secondary school" is aimed at the implementation of the spiritual and moral development of children through collective creative activity, which combines moral, patriotic, legal, labor, and physical directions. Events and festive events, theme evenings, lectures, seminars, literary decades, etc. have become traditional. spiritual, moral and patriotic orientation. By the forces of creative teachers, events are held dedicated to public holidays and memorable dates in Russia: Day
Defender of the Fatherland, Victory Day, Mother's Day, Teacher's Day, holiday
"First call", "Last call", Children's Book Week, Orthodox dates - Christmas, Easter, Maslenitsa. Training excursions “Tourist trails with. Temenichi”, telling about the historical and heroic past of the village, about the nature of the native land. Lectures for parents on the issues of spiritual and moral development and upbringing of children with the involvement of CMPPS specialists, police officers as lecturers, actions and decades of Mercy: "Veterans", "Hurry to do good", "Family to the family", providing assistance to those in difficult life situation, patronage of a kindergarten. The main principle of this work is "morality through deeds".
The effectiveness of the educational process is largely determined by the unity of actions and activities of various social institutions responsible for the education of young people. Therefore, for the implementation of spiritual and moral education, the school actively attracts the families of students, the School Council, the Dobrunsky village administration, the village house of culture, and recently the village Church. The cooperation of the family, school and Church in the spiritual and moral education of children is a voluntary interaction based on trust and respect.
The Concept states that “in modern conditions, without social and pedagogical partnership, the subjects of the educational process are not able to provide full-fledged spiritual and moral development and education of students. To solve this national problem, it is necessary to build pedagogically expedient partnerships with other subjects of socialization: the family, public organizations and traditional Russian religious associations…” [1, p.20] .
At present, the pedagogical community and the intelligentsia are actively discussing the place and role of religion and, in particular, Orthodoxy in the moral education of children. The opinion that the secular nature of the Russian state should not become an insurmountable obstacle to the implementation of the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation on the basis of the values of Orthodoxy and other traditional religions within the framework of the system of state general education operating in the country is becoming increasingly stronger.
The subjects "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" and "Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia" have firmly entered the curriculum of our school. When studying these subjects, students, using available examples, life situations, stories close to a child's understanding, explain the main concepts of religion and secular ethics. And here the history of the village of Temenichi comes to our aid. In our village there is a beautiful Church of the Nativity of Christ. From the book of V.V. Krasheninnikov "From the history of the villages of the Bryansk region" it is known that in 1832, at the expense of the local landowner Alexei Nikolaevich Lvov, a new stone Nativity Church was built, instead of two wooden churches. In 1878, a parochial school was opened at the Church, which was later transformed into a zemstvo school, where in 1909 about 80 students studied. .
Like many other churches, during the Soviet period of its existence, the rural Temple fell into disrepair and decay. The priests changed, the walls, windows, the bell tower, the interior of the Nativity Church were destroyed. With the advent of priest Alexander Markin, everything began to change in better side. Gradually, the beautiful church began to transform, the altar was restored, a bell appeared, and the territory began to improve.
For a number of years, the school has been actively cooperating with the rural Church. This cooperation sets as its task not the religious education of children, but the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation on the basis of Orthodox, Russian traditions, and the history of Russia.
Any education can be effective only when it is connected with life, based on practice and concrete deeds. Establishing work with the church, we proceeded from the fact that the main thing in the process of upbringing is to instill in the child the ability to compassion and be merciful. The activity approach based on the practical implementation of the main behavioral and moral priorities was put at the forefront.
Father Alexander Markin pays a lot of attention to charity issues, helps children with cancer, adults and just those who find themselves in a difficult situation, some with advice, and some financially. For a number of years he has been helping the social shelter for children in the city of Bryansk. It was from communication with children from the orphanage, who often attend Sunday and holiday services, that our joint activity with the church began. At first, these were one-time events: holding joint football matches, participating in Christmas or Easter matinees, together with volunteers from the Bryansk patriotic club "Peresvet" landscaped the territory of the church, planted flowers in a flower bed, seedlings of young trees, which then watered all summer with their parents, so that they did not die from the drought.
All joint activities of the school and the Church are built only on a voluntary basis, without coercion and "obligation". Children's events for the Great Orthodox holidays have become traditional, which are prepared by both mother Irina and school teachers and in which children from the orphanage, students of the school, children of the parishioners of the Church, everyone who has a desire participate. Christmas, Maslenitsa, Easter are especially interesting and fun, in which the well-known Russian song ensemble “Babkiny Vnuki” often takes part. Charity events are organized with a sale of handicrafts, skiing, and then a sweet table with tea, pancakes, and sweets is set for children. Isn't this an example of understanding kindness, mercy. The children of our village first ran to these matinees out of curiosity, and now they go, many with their parents, because they are interested there, they are welcome there and they are loved there. In turn, Father Alexander does not refuse to participate in school activities, comes to school on September 1, at our request, conducts conversations with students about the dangers of smoking, alcohol, and drugs.
On January 13, 2015, a festive divine service in honor of the Nativity of Christ was held in our Temple, which was led by His Eminence Alexander, Metropolitan of Bryansk and Sevsky. At the end of the Divine Liturgy, Metropolitan Alexander visited the school with a delegation of representatives of the clergy, congratulated the students and workers on the holiday, and presented them with sweet gifts. From the first minutes of communication, he managed to win over all the boys and girls present at the meeting, shared his memories of his school years, inquired about the success of students in school, sports. Be kind, selflessly help those who really need our help and support, respect your parents, teachers, love your Motherland, remember its great history, which is especially important in the year of the 70th anniversary of the celebration of the great Victory over fascism. These are the simple truths that His Eminence Alexander spoke to the students of the Temenich school.
The Metropolitan also instructed Father Alexander to assist in replacing the windows on the second floor of the school, which are almost 50 years old. Two hundred thousand were allocated by the Bryansk Diocese, the remaining amount - three hundred thousand, had to be collected by the rural Church. Both the Church and the school turned to parishioners, villagers, school graduates, and business representatives with a request to help raise the missing amount. At the council of high school students, it was decided to hold a charity concert, the proceeds of which would be transferred to the Church.
The organization and holding of the concert has become a social mini-project. Never before have students taken their work so seriously and responsibly. Therefore, the highest praise and reward for them was the full hall of the rural house of culture and a significant amount that they managed to collect as a result of this action. I would also like to note the support of parents, residents of the village, the administration of the Dobrunsky rural settlement. For all of us, this has become a kind of assessment of our spiritual and moral foundations. And for children it was of great educational value. After all, the power of a positive example increases when there is no discrepancy between word and deed. The main methods of education were and remain personal example and joint-shared activities.
The French philosopher Helvetius wrote: “From the very beginning of life, a person is brought up not so much by words, remarks of teachers and edifications of parents, but by reality itself, the whole set of living conditions, the structure of the society in which he lives, and the activity in which he takes part.”
And in conclusion, I would like to note that an ungraded rural school has all the possibilities for educating children in spirituality and morality.
It is only necessary to adhere to the following rules:
1) approach this issue to everyone, together, and parents, and teachers, and
the public;
2) to conduct educational work on the formation of spiritually -
moral values systematically, and not from time to time, otherwise, all programs and concepts for spiritual and moral development will remain, as Academician Asmolov said, "City of the Sun"
3) a teacher, educator should always be an example of "moral and civic personal behavior" "
I would like to believe that our school will sow kindness, humanity, sensitivity, benevolence in the souls of children, and will become a school for “educating good feelings” for children. And our children will grow up as worthy citizens of their country.
An example of this can be our graduates, many of whom provide school with assistance in material and technical equipment, as well as gratitude to the teaching staff and school administration, for quality education and good education of students from the educational institutions of the region, in which our graduates entered.
Bibliography:
1. Danilyuk A. Ya., Kondakov A. M., Tishkov V. A. The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia. / / M .: Education, 2014
2. Information and publicistic bulletin // "Enlightenment", Issue No. 25, October 2009, - M. Enlightenment,
3.V.V.Krasheninnikov From the history of the villages of the Bryansk region.//Bryansk, 2004
4. Educational system of a rural school. Educational and methodical manual //. Edited by E.N. Stepanova.- Pskov, 1997
5. Rogonov P.P., Astashova N.A., Bolkhovitina T.S., Eremin A.V. moral and patriotic upbringing: conceptual foundations of personality development. Teaching aid.//Bryansk, 2005
6. Sukhomlinsky V.A. How to raise a real person // M .: Pedagogy, 1990
7. Ilyin I.A. The path of spiritual renewal // Collected works in 10 volumes - M .: Russian book, 1993, - Vol. 1
8. Volikova T.V. Teacher and family. A guide for the teacher // M .: Education, 1998
9. Petrakova, T.I. Spiritual foundations of moral education./T.I. Petrakova// M.: Enlightenment, 1997.
“Without memory there is no tradition, without tradition there is no education,
without education there is no culture, without culture there is no spirituality,
without spirituality there is no personality, without personality there is no people!”
The school has been and remains one of the main educational institutions, systematically and purposefully organizing the life of children. However, according to teachers' self-assessments, there is no time left for human communication with them, for showing them genuine attention and care. And whatever the school, it fulfills a social order, which involves the development and education of a spiritual and moral person.
Currently, due to major changes in social and political life, there is a reorientation to universal spiritual values. The tasks of developing the student's personality are put forward in the foreground. More than effective methods and methods of work that more fully take into account the psychological patterns of cognitive activity.
Therefore, today society needs a school that can prepare a modern national educational ideal - a highly moral, creative, competent citizen of Russia, who accepts the fate of the Fatherland as his own, who is aware of the responsibility for the present and future of his country, rooted in the spiritual and moral values of the Russian people.
The problem of spiritual and moral education today is more acute in our society than ever. The rejection of the ideology of the past led to the disintegration of the "connection of times", a sense of belonging to the history of their homeland. Mass media circulated all over the country conduct destructive anti-spiritual propaganda, become the reason for lowering the criteria of morality and even threaten the psychological health of a person. Children now live in conditions of isolation of the world of childhood and virtual maturity: they are not sufficiently aware of it, because they do not act enough, they often “get stuck” in the space of their own experiences, computer games, television, the entertainment industry, live someone else’s life, while belittling their own. An important condition for spiritual and moral development and full social maturation is maintaining a balance between the intrinsic value of childhood and timely socialization. The first reveals for a person his inner ideal world, the second - the external, real one. The connection of the inner and outer worlds occurs through the child's awareness and assimilation of moral norms that support, on the one hand, the moral health of the individual, and on the other, conflict-free, constructive interaction of a person with other people.
Therefore, today the formation of spiritual and moral values among students is demanded and relevant task.
And spiritual and moral education should be decided today by everyone who is related to children. What we lay in the soul of a child now will manifest itself later, will become his life and ours. Today we are talking about the need to revive spirituality and culture in society, which is directly related to the development and upbringing of the child.
Spiritual and moral education based on Orthodox traditions forms the core of the personality, has a beneficial effect on all aspects and forms of a person’s relationship with the world: on his ethical and aesthetic development, worldview and the formation of a civil position, patriotic and family orientation, intellectual potential, emotional state and general physical and mental development. The formation of a spiritual person is impossible without proper education. “To educate” means to contribute to the formation of a spiritually sighted, cordial and whole person with a strong character. And for this, it is necessary to kindle and heat in it as early as possible the spiritual "coal", sensitivity to everything Divine, the will to perfection, the joy of love and the taste for kindness.
All this proves the special significance and relevance of the introduction and implementation of the program of spiritual and moral education of students on the basis of Orthodox traditions in the educational process. After all, today we live in a society that is looking for a way out of a spiritual crisis, from the impasse in which it has found itself for a number of years. recent years. But as we can see, times have changed irreversibly: the church is never empty; on major Orthodox holidays, it cannot even accommodate everyone. Children go to Sunday Schools and spiritual and educational centers. Parents sanctify houses, many fast. Adults receive the sacraments of baptism, confession, communion, and weddings. One can see with one's own eyes the interest and need for Orthodox values. And this is an indicator of spiritual rebirth.
aimspirituality programs moral education students based on Orthodox traditions is the upbringing and development of moral, spiritual, patriotic, aesthetic feelings, the ability to find reliable moral guidelines arising from folk traditions.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks:
1. To form the need, interest in children to study this topic.
2. Based on the interest of the child, arouse the desire to learn about the centuries-old traditions of the Russian people.
3. To help you find personal meaning and experience the beneficial effects of dealing with the past.
4. Instill a desire to think creatively and analyze your actions and the actions of your friends.
5. To cultivate respect for the moral forms of Christian morality, to teach to distinguish between good and evil, to love good, to do good.
6. To form a feeling of love for the Motherland based on the study of national cultural traditions.
7. Develop musical culture, introduce children to choral singing, classical, spiritual and folk music.
8. Develop the ability to perceive, analyze literary works, enrich vocabulary, the ability to express one's feelings.
I devoted about ten years to the development of the theme of experience. In the first years I accumulated material, analyzed the literature I read and realized that this topic is very relevant at the present time and is important in working with children.
Observations of the children, conversations with them and their parents, with other teachers showed that the inclusion in the educational process of various forms of work on this topic, and these are conversations, games, practical exercises, holidays, meetings with spiritual fathers, trips to holy places, evenings - meetings with the old-timers of the village contribute to the formation of a spiritual and moral personality.
In order to work effectively on this topic in primary school I take into account psychological features junior schoolchildren:
Since involuntary attention prevails and perception is based mainly on emotions, it is advisable to use such techniques that may be most interesting to children and cause them an emotional reaction;
Since younger students have an involuntary imagination, it is necessary to direct it to recreate this image (reception of verbal illustration);
Various reproductions and paintings used in the work can become a support for visual-figurative thinking;
For the development of verbal - logical thinking, it is necessary to ask questions to establish the logical connections of events and actions.
We must not forget that the age of 7-9 years is the age of joy in being. Children at this time live not one, but several lives at once: their own and the heroes of fairy tales, lives, films. home age feature: the desire for imitation, for the fullest possible living of events.
It is impossible to be a cultured and fully educated person - it is impossible to love Russia without knowing what is in the genetic memory of the people. Students can learn about Orthodox and folk traditions at various lessons.
Working with proverbs and sayings in the lessons of the Russian language develops the thinking of students, instills a love for mother tongue, improves the culture of speech, promotes better mastery of grammar and a deeper study of literature, enriches students with spiritual wisdom and folk traditions, established over the centuries. I am doing this work in the following way. I tell the guys: “Now let's play. I am sure that you know a lot of proverbs and sayings about studying. Therefore, you can easily collect "crumbled" proverbs and sayings, explain their meaning. Before you are individual words from which you need to collect sentences.
The end, finished, business, study, boldly, walk, from a young age, come in handy, in old age, business, crown
The end is the crown.
Finished the job - walk boldly.
We are working on the interpretation of proverbs.
The end is the crown . A crown-decoration on the head in the form of a crown, in this case, the decoration of a completed business, that is, the final result is important.
Finished the job - walk boldly - finished the job, work, completed the educational task - you can be "free", walk and play without thinking about the business.
Learn from a young age - useful in old age. While young, you need to learn different sciences, all this knowledge will be useful in life.
From the loafer and God turns away. An idler is a lazy person. And God does not like lazy people, so he turns away from them. After all, God himself worked and commanded us.
(This information enriches students with folk and spiritual wisdom)
Next comes work on the development of spelling vigilance. The children are asked to find related words andexplain the spelling of the vowel o, find the test word in the second proverb (finished). Proverbs can be used as didactic and educational material at different stages of the lesson: at the stage of preparation for the study of new material, at the stage of students' creative work or repetition of what has been learned. Already at the stage of consolidation, you can offer new or the same proverbs with the task: write off and insert the missing letters and explain their spelling.
Learn sm_l_du - it will come in handy in old age. To sit around m_l_dyh - to help yourself.
I hope I convinced you that working with proverbs and sayings develops the thinking of students, instills a love for their native language, improves the culture of speech, contributes to better mastery of grammar and a deeper study of literature, enriches students with spiritual and folk wisdom.
I have also developed innovative project aimed at the implementation of GEF "Formation of spiritual and moral values in younger schoolchildren in the classroom and in extracurricular activities." This project has been implemented in our school for three years and has its positive results.
Scientific noveltyinnovative project is to identify the conditions for the development of spiritual and moral values; in creating a system of methods and means aimed at developing the spiritual and moral values of younger students.
The formation of spiritual and moral values is impossible without gradual, purposeful and systematic use of teaching and educational tasks in the learning process. presenter pedagogical idea of this project lies in the effectiveness of the introduction in the classroom and in extracurricular activities with children of means and methods aimed at the formation of theoretical thinking and consciousness, through which the development of their spiritual and moral education and socially significant activities would be carried out. The work to resolve the contradictions between the need to increase the level of formation of spiritual and moral values and the insufficient possibility of a traditional approach to development and education was divided into three stages.
First stage: detection of the problem and identification of the level of formation of the moral qualities of the individual.
Second phase: creation and testing in practice of special educational tasks that contribute to the formation of spiritual and moral values and socially significant activities based on the formation of theoretical thinking and consciousness of younger students.
Third stage: generalization of research work.
As a pedagogical tool for the development of spirituality and morality of students in the framework of this project, I chose the daily holding of "minutes of spirituality and morality." An example of a few minutes that are spent in elementary school lessons. Such minutes can be spent at any lesson: mathematics, literary reading, Russian language, fine arts, music.
Target : familiarize yourself with the concept of "disinterestedness »
Guys, today we have an owl visiting us. Who knows what else they call an owl at school? Why?
Today, the Wise Owl brought us a task that you must complete. The task is interesting and instructive. I hope you do it and find out what the Wise Owl wanted to tell you what to teach.
Decipher the moral quality of a person.
45: 15 = 3 b 13 * 4 = 52 s 72: 4 = 18 p
72: 12 = 6 s 14 * 7 = 98 e 96: 3 = 32 s
91: 13 \u003d 7 to 16 * 5 \u003d 80 t 75: 5 \u003d 15 about
70: 14 = 5 e 12 * 7 = 84 and
Write the answers and letters in the table in ascending order and you will get a word.
What word did you read?
Guys, who knows the meaning of this word?
What should we do if we do not know the meaning of a word?
Look in explanatory dictionary meaning of the word unselfishness.
Who can we name disinterested?
Do you know what actions can be called disinterested?
Conclusion: selflessness is the quality of a person who performs a noble, generous act.
"A moment of spirituality and morality" (Owl painting)
Target : to carry out a meaningful analysis of the object through general educational actions.
Add nouns that are suitable in meaning, indicate their gender, find an extra phrase.
Warm…, fragrant…, stellar…, friendly…, crystal…, melted…, disinterested….
- Read the phrases and name the gender of the nouns.
Name the extra phrase.
On what basis did you choose the odd phrase?
What noun did you choose for the adjective disinterested? (act)
Disassemble the word by composition.
Name the root of this word. Prefix.
What does the prefix bes mean?
How do you understand the meaning of this word? (has no profit)
What act do we call selfless?
In what situations can we make a selfless act?
Conclusion: a selfless act is an act of a person for the benefit of another without having any personal benefit.
"A moment of spirituality and morality"
Target: motivation for moral action.
Conclusion when studying the work of V. Bianchi "Mouse Peak"
Guys, what did Vitaly Bianchi make you think about?
What advice would you give to the characters in the story?
And what would you do in the place of the guys?
How would you characterize the guys? What are they? (frivolous, soulless, evil)
Reading by the teacher of the story "How to be kind?" (magazine "Candle")
Conversation: As dad explained to Anya: “What you need to do to be kind”
Who helps people to be kind?
Conclusion: so children acquire elements of the experience of behavior in life, which induces them to moral action.
Diagnostics showed the success of the selected tasks for solving the pedagogical problem. On the basis of a comparative analysis, a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the influence of educational tasks on the level of development of spiritual and moral values of younger schoolchildren. It has been established that there is a certain connection between the levels of spiritual and moral development of schoolchildren and the level of formation of the foundations of theoretical thinking in them.
The effectiveness of the innovative project lies in the fact that the gradual, consistent, purposeful and systematic introduction of educational tasks into the educational process forms the basis of theoretical thinking and consciousness among students, educates students in the context of the life of schoolchildren and assimilates spiritual and moral values in the form of morally oriented actions. , creates the necessary conditions for the participation of children in morally oriented socially significant activities. Children acquire elements of the experience of moral behavior and life.
In any work aimed at raising children, it is impossible to do without the support and help of parents. The family remains the main institution for the upbringing of the child's personality and the development of moral values. It has become a tradition at classroom parent-teacher meetings to hold conversations on moral topics. I organize such a system of classes so that parents "keep up" with their children. We argue, argue, listen to each other's opinions and advice. This helps to get closer and find a joint solution to various problems, both in education and in training. And I also meet future parents long before the child enters the first grade. These parents are invited to the school for parent meetings, where I hold a lecture hall "School of parents of the future first grader." Conducting individual conversations, consultations, lectures, I tell parents about how it is necessary to educate young children, instilling in them moral standards of behavior. After all, what is laid down in the early childhood remains for life. This lecture is held under the motto "Open the keys of goodness, beauty, love."
To increase the learning motivation of students, I conduct extracurricular activities in the following way: I invite the children to talk about how an Orthodox person should relate to learning. But first I propose to answer the question: “Why is it necessary to study?” After the answer I say:
Holy people often said that a person must work. And learning is the main work of the student. Next comes group work.
Group work.
Divide into 3 groups. Each group will receive a card with a holy man's words about the doctrine. You need to read and explain the meaning of what you read.
1 group
"If it's so expensive school time, then it is necessary to learn to protect it, to protect it, first of all, from the main destroyer - laziness, which likes to postpone the most urgent matters for tomorrow, forgetting that each new day brings its own worries ”(Saint Alexy Mechev).
The saint calls us to study diligently and not to be lazy.
2 group
“Good knowledge is good for those who use it for good deeds” (St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow).
What we learn, we should use for good deeds.
3 group
“It is useful to study the sciences and the arts, but it is necessary to live like a Christian, like an Orthodox” (St. Tikhon of Zadonsk)
We must study various sciences, and also learn to live like real Christians.
Try to choose your own proverb for each statement or choose from those offered.
v The teaching of light is not the teaching of darkness.
v It's never too late to learn.
v Literacy to learn - always
Come in handy.
v A person studies the mind all the time.
v There is patience, there will be skill.
v It's not enough to want, you have to be able to.
v Live among good people
You will improve yourself
v Trust in God, but do not be idle!
v We do not live by bread, by prayer.
You and I listened and analyzed what the holy people said about learning. And now let us remember how the holy people studied. Which of them do you remember? If you forgot, remember and help me.
1)Reverend Sergius of Radonezh As a child, I could not learn to read for a long time. The teacher scolded him, his comrades laughed, but nothing helped. The boy fervently prayed to God and asked to help him. One day he went to the field to look for the missing horses and met there
old man. The boy told that he was not able to study and invited him to his house to rest from the road. At home, before dinner, the old man gave the boy a book and told him to read prayers from it. Bartholomew, that was the name of the boy, refused for a long time, but when he opened the book, he realized that he could read.
2)Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril. (equal to the apostles, that is, equal to the apostles - the disciples of Christ).
At the age of 7, Cyril began to be taught to read and write. And at that time the saint had a dream, as if he was offered to choose a bride from standing girls, and he chooses the most beautiful girl whose name was Sophia. And Sophia in Greek means wisdom. At school, Saint Cyril was the best student. And his favorite subject was the law of God. The rumor about the boy's success reached the royal court, and the saint was taken as a comrade to his peer Tsar Michael, where he continued to study.
When the saint grew up, he compiled an alphabet for the Slavic peoples, including the Russian, and translated the Holy Books into the Slavic language.
3)Saint John of Kronstadt. When he was 6 years old, his father brought home a primer and began to teach his son to read. But the boy did not succeed. Then he turned to God with a prayer, asking him to help him. And the prayer was answered: he was able to learn to read. At the age of 10, his parents sent little John to the city school. The father saved up money for a whole year so that his son could study. At school, the boy missed his home and his parents very much. He did not understand well what the teacher said and what was written in the textbooks, so he very soon found himself among the very last students, and even wanted to be expelled from the school. Then he again turned to God, and all the teacher's words became clear. Soon the saint overtook all his classmates in knowledge. And by the end of the year, as the best student, he was transferred without exams to the theological seminary.
What conclusions can we draw? How did the saints learn?
It's true, they studied hard. And if something did not work out for them, then they asked God for help. Let us learn from the saints, and in difficult times we will ask for help from God and his saints. For success in studies, they pray to Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril, Methodius, St. Sergius of Radonezh and Righteous John of Kronstadt.
The simplest prayer to these saints will sound like this: "Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, St. Sergius of Radonezh and Righteous John of Kronstadt, pray to God for us."
The need for the spiritual revival of Russia led to the return of biblical and hagiographic texts to the school curriculum. They can be found in the textbooks "History", "Literature", "World around". Therefore, it has already become a tradition in our school to conduct integrated lessons (art and music, MHK and fine arts, reading and OPK, OPK and history). Our school closely cooperates with the clergy of the Ryla parishes. Therefore, it has already become a tradition in our school to invite clergymen to lessons, to go to joint holidays held in St. Nicholas Monastery.
For example, we conducted our acquaintance with the life of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky in several stages:
1. Meeting with a clergyman . Father Nikolai (priest of the Ascension Church in Rylsk) told the children about Alexander Nevsky as a saint. He showed the image of A. Nevsky on icons, paintings and illustrations in books, asking if the children know why he is depicted in such a different way?
2. Watching a movie"The Life of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Alexander Nevsky".
3. Storyabout memorable places and monuments in different cities associated with the name of A. Nevsky.
4. Working with literary sources . In the very text of the life, several significant moments and deeds of the prince were singled out: the Battle of Neva, the Battle on the Ice, the answer of the prince to the Pope, the Russian prince and the Golden Horde.
At the final stage, work was carried out to comprehend the image of the prince. In life, Nevsky is a saint. It is necessary to explain who the Russian people considered saints. The saint always turns to God, he builds his life on communion with God and the conviction that without the help of God nothing can be achieved, it is impossible to achieve.
February 23, we celebrate the holiday of the Defenders of the Fatherland. This holiday is dedicated to heroes and holy people. Defenders of the Fatherland protected the Earth, which God gave to people. The Russian land has always been famous for its defenders.
In our school, spiritual fathers are frequent guests. Priests come to children for military-industrial complex and history lessons, holding talks on various topics: “God's commandments”, “Icon painters and iconography of the Mother of God” and others, and children visit churches, holy places, springs.
The children of our school annually participate in a charity concert dedicated to the myrrh-bearing wives in the city of Rylsk.
Together with the rector of the St. Nicholas Monastery, Father Pankraty and a Methodist, a Christmas tree was held in the monastery, where the children of our school took part. This trip left the warmest and kindest impressions in the souls of children. And how much joy there was from the gifts presented from the hands of the abbot himself. Therefore, I believe that such trips leave warmth in children's souls and make them kinder and more merciful, enrich them spiritually.
The scenario of this holiday was sent to the regional stage of the All-Russian competition in the field of pedagogy "For the moral feat of a teacher" in the nomination "The best program for the spiritual and moral education of children and youth" in 2011, where it was recognized as the best, and the materials were sent to the All-Russian competition.
In 2012, she took part in the regional scientific and practical conference "Designing a regional system of spiritual and moral education of children and youth" of the Kursk region with experience on the topic "Spiritual and moral education of students based on Orthodox traditions", where her work was published in the collection.
The school also holds patronal feasts dedicated to the saints, whose name is the church in the village. Thus, a musical and theatrical holiday "Saints Boris and Gleb" was held at the school.
In 2007, the holiday materials were sent to the regional stage of the All-Russian competition in the field of pedagogy "For the teacher's moral feat" in the nomination "Pedagogical research of the year", where they were highly appreciated and were sent to the All-Russian competition.
The program of spiritual and moral education of students is implemented through the holding of Easter festivals, Christmas trees, the Holy Trinity, the Nativity of the Virgin. It has become a tradition to hold joint holidays in basic schools. Thus, the Easter Festival was held at the school together with the children of several schools on the theme “God's Commandments”. The exhibitions "Easter Motifs", "Easter Blessing", "Light of the Christmas Star" are held.
A museum of local lore has been created at the school, the head of which is the director of the school
Huge work has been invested in the creation of the museum, both the leader and the guys. There has been a lot of research activity. The guys created a chronicle of the village of Kostrovy, creative work was carried out on the topic “My small homeland”. The work of Dobykin Igor was sent to the regional competition, where it was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree. The section "Orthodox Rus'" has been created in the museum, which is replenished with exhibits made by the hands of children. Members of the local history circle conduct excursions for students of the school and the district. Thematic excursions have been developed:
1. History of the village, school.
2. The Great Patriotic War.
3. Afghan warriors are graduates of the school.
4. The military path of General Dobykin.
5. Rus' Orthodox.
Members of the local history circle take part in the annual conference of young local historians.
School students, teachers and villagers replenish the museum with exhibits that are carefully stored in the museum.
The implementation of the task of spiritual and moral education is an order of magnitude more difficult and responsible than the transfer of subject knowledge and is possible with a special state of the teacher's soul, determined by the clarity of his spiritual vision. According to the real teacher and students, “special warmth and sincerity of relations” are related, the basis of which are the spiritual qualities of the teacher’s personality: faith, love, honesty, openness, wisdom, beauty of the soul.
In order for teachers to fall in love with the subject of the military-industrial complex and have a special attitude to teaching this subject in our district, spiritual fathers and the methodologist of the Administration of the Education Department Demidova often organize pilgrimage trips to holy places. So trips were organized for teachers to Optina Pustyn, Root Pustyn, Glinskaya Pustyn. For which we sincerely thank the organizers of the trip. After all, such trips make a person spiritually richer, kinder, more merciful.
Also in the district for teachers of the basics of Orthodox culture, training courses were twice organized on the basis of the Kursk State University.
Spiritual and moral education of students in our school is carried out as a purposeful activity, one of the main forms of which is to improve the culture of students through participation in creative competitions, subject Olympiads Orthodox orientation, where the guys show good and excellent knowledge, taking prizes and are winners. So in the area the game "Clever and clever" was held, dedicated to the Great Resurrection of Christ. Korosteleva Olesya took 2nd place, and the teachers participated in the exhibition of arts and crafts, where they are also winners. And so they became winners in the nomination "Decorative and Applied Art".
For many years now, the guys have become winners and prize-winners of the municipal stage of the regional Olympiad in Orthodox culture.
MBOU "Kostrovskaya secondary school" has been the socio-cultural center of the village for many years. And this is no coincidence. It is at school that everything is brought up: the subject-spatial and event environment, society, good relations, mutual understanding. School for children is a place where they learn and learn positive life values. In a team with the teaching staff, many parents, institutions and organizations of the village participate in this process. So, together with the director of the KFOR and the head of the settlement library, various events, holidays, competitions on Orthodox topics are held. So it has already become a tradition on January 7 in KFOR to hold a Christmas tree for primary school age. And on June 12 to celebrate the holiday "Day of Russia".
The upbringing of a spiritual personality is possible only through the joint efforts of all teachers of an educational institution. In our school, almost all subject teachers implement a program of spiritual and moral education of students through classroom and extracurricular activities. On the basis of our school, a seminar was held for teachers of mathematics and physics of the district
Marina Mukhina
Work on moral education
WORK ON MORAL EDUCATION
Educator MUKHINA MARINA VLADIMIROVNA
GROUPS №6 "SUNNY BUNNS"
Work on moral education carried out regularly and in the system. A large role is given to the creation of conditions, a variety of techniques and methods in working with children. In our group, every day of children is filled with joy, smiles, good friends, fun games.
In his work we use various technologies:
information,
communicative,
problematic,
developmental education,
advisory,
visual,
design,
The formation of the concept of a family in a child, the connection of times, the compilation of a pedigree.
Acquaintance with relatives city: significant objects, nature, traditions, history and the most significant historical events of your city.
Introduction to professions.
Acquaintance with the state symbols of the city, district center, region, republic - Armenia.
Acquaintance with Russia, the symbols of Russia, the most significant historical events of the people.
Acquaintance with the heroes of fairy tales and their exploits.
Acquaintance with the concept of patriotism, heroism and their manifestations.
Introduction to oral folk creativity: nursery rhymes, holidays and rituals, folk arts and crafts.
principles of my work
personality-oriented communication;
thematic planning of the material presentation of the studied material on thematic blocks: native family, nature of the native land, culture of the native land, small motherland, native country;
visibility;
sequences;
entertainment;
from near to far;
from the general to the particular, where each particular appears to the child as a manifestation of something general (and not in itself, which provides a semantic relationship between different aspects of the content;
reliance on the experience of the children themselves, their real affairs and events in the family, kindergarten, city, country;
interaction with families.
I use in my work the following thematic blocks:
Block - "Family", "I and my family", "Me and my friends"
An equally important condition moral and patriotic education children is a close relationship with their parents. The love of a small preschool child for the Motherland begins with an attitude towards the closest people - father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, love for one's home, one's peers. With the aim of education children have love and respect for mothers, fathers, the elderly, the ability to understand and analyze "My mom is better all", "Children and Parents" etc.
Block- "Culture and Traditions"
We introduce children to the traditions and life of Russia. We introduce the history of the emergence of folk toys, with types of oral folk art. We use in work experience with children work on local history and familiarization with folk art. For this purpose, classes were held "X Toy Exhibition", "Maslenitsa", "Autumn"
Block - "Me and Motherland".
Acquaintance of preschoolers with their native city, region and native country is a long and complicated process. It cannot happen on a case-by-case basis. A positive result can only be achieved systematically work, and this Job mostly done outside of class. One of the main tasks that we set ourselves in preparing each lesson is the selection of visual material: reproductions of paintings, various schemes, drawings, photographs from past years and modern sights. educating children love their city, I bring them to the understanding that their village is a part of the Motherland, because in all places, large and small, there is much in common. work to familiarize children with the Motherland we carry out in stages.
Block - "These days the glory will not cease".
We hold classes, matinees, festive concerts about the Great Patriotic War, soldiers of the Russian Army. Children together with their parents prepare gifts and holiday cards for veterans, soldiers Russian army. We educate a sense of pride in our people, our army, respect for the veterans of the Great Patriotic War, evoke a desire to be like strong brave Russian soldiers.
Block - “I see a wonderful expanse ...”, which expands children's ideas about the natural resources of their native land, brought up sense of responsibility, respect for nature. A bright event was the trips together with their parents, during which children not only have the opportunity to get acquainted with the area in which they live, but also admire the most beautiful places of their small Motherland together with their parents. It has become a tradition of our group in the winter time to take care of the birds of our village. During a walk, children with adults hang feeders, watch winter trees and traces of animals and birds on the site. During the hikes we collect a variety of natural material.
IN work with parents we use a variety of forms:
"Round table",
seminars - workshops,
gatherings,
competitions both in kindergarten and regional, all-Union.
Exhibitions,
excursions.
Our parents are actively involved in the life of the group.
Thus, the analysis of the results of diagnosing patriotic upbringing of children shows:
The level of formed patriotic knowledge and right attitude to the world, country, nature among preschoolers.
The children developed an interest in history, local fiction, natural resources of the native land.
Features of ideas about the native city, native land have become more significant. Children's interest is reflected in creativity: fairy tales, stories, drawings, crafts.
The number of participants in competitions and local history events held in kindergarten, aimed at developing creative abilities, curiosity, upbringing love for a small country.
Parents have increased interest in activities held in the group and in kindergarten (competitions, sport competitions, open days, trips around the native land). I really hope that the Job help children experience love and affection for their home, family, city, region; feel pride and respect for their nation, Russian culture, language, traditions, be proud of their people, their achievements, teach them to admire nature, take care of it.
At birth, a child is a blank slate, draw whatever you want on it. So everyone who came into contact with the child leaves their mark on this sheet. It’s good if those with whom the little person communicates are smart, kind, highly moral people.
Related publications:
Didactic games on spiritual and moral education Games can be used in lessons on the basics of Orthodox culture. Game "Islands" Didactic task. Teaching children to use
Didactic games on moral education Didactic games for preschoolers on the topic "Spiritual and moral education" The game is the main activity in a preschool institution.
OOD for moral education "Zayushkina hut" GCD type: Integrated. Purpose: To promote the emotional liberation of children and encourage interest in folklore. Tasks: - teaching.
Experience in the moral education of preschoolers Tambov Regional State Budgetary Institution "Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Correction" Educator G. I. Mukina.
Presentation on the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers Modern life and modern requirements for the profession require the search for new forms and methods in working with children. But, in my opinion, one.
From the experience of work on the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren
with hearing impairments.
Description: Material from the experience of work on spiritual and moral education will be useful to teachers of special correctional institutions and all interested teachers for working with children.
Target: spiritual and moral development of children.
Tasks: to form in students a moral culture, awareness of the need for moral experience and their role in it; to acquaint students with the traditions and customs of different generations; to form spiritual and moral guidelines, self-education, the ability to systematically accumulate and enrich the experience of moral behavior.
Nowadays, the problem of spiritual and moral education should be given increased attention. As a result, I set myself the task of not only educating, but certainly educating the younger generation correctly. In addition to the acquired knowledge, it is also necessary to invest in the children spiritual and moral values that will be useful to them throughout their life path. It is necessary to educate them so that they learn to love their land, to be tolerant, tolerant, to live in peace and harmony with others. Be Patriots of your Motherland.
I build my work in such a way that moral norms are transferred into the inner convictions of the individual, attitudes towards action. Our task as teachers is to teach children kindness, self-confidence, the ability to enjoy this world. All this will set the guys up for a new life position in the world of adults, where there are their own norms and requirements.
So, we are faced with the problem of patriotic and spiritual and moral education of the younger generation. One cannot but agree that it is necessary from childhood to promote the formation of love for the Motherland among young people, instilling in any child love and respect for his family, the society in which he lives. In the process of educating children in a boarding school, more attention should be paid to activities that will acquaint children more closely with the history of their native land and its culture.
It is impossible to raise a patriot without studying the history of one's small homeland. One of the forms of studying the local region, its history and current state are local history excursions.
Excursions allow students not only to get acquainted with their region, to study their country, but also to learn the patriotic, labor, spiritual and moral traditions of their people. The tour provides the study of objects and phenomena in their natural setting.
The guys prepare presentations about their city or their village, talk about each photo they take, the most important thing. And during the school year, this material is supplemented with new plots and stories.
Before each excursion, an introductory conversation is held with the children. Students need to know where they are going and why. First of all, the goal of the excursion should be set before the students. This focuses the attention of students on the study of this particular issue. This eliminates disorganization.
All methods of visual teaching cause the need to fix the material in speech, awaken an urgent need for speech. Both observations and excursions, evoking vivid impressions, create in children with hearing impairments the need to express what they observe in words. They ask a lot of questions: “What is it?”, “What is the name?” etc. This is the special value of all methods of visual education in the school for children with hearing impairments.
There are approximately 50 architectural monuments of republican and local significance in the cities and villages of the region. All of them are under state protection. During the tour, children learn a lot of new and useful things for themselves, cause pride in their native land.
In our city there are beautiful old buildings of historical value (the House of the merchant Yutsefovich, the house of the merchant Arkel, etc.).
The bas-relief of Sh. Ualikhanov and F. Dostoevsky was opened on February 25, 2005 in the presence of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev. This memorial sign of friendship between the Kazakh scientist Sh. Ualikhanov and the famous Russian writer F. Dostoevsky has become a symbol of eternal friendship between Kazakhstan and Russia. The bas-relief is installed on the building of the regional museum of local lore.
Monument to the heroes of the Second World War. Years pass, events change and fade into the past, they will never fade in the memory of the North-Kazakhstani people, the unprecedented feat of their fellow countrymen, who gave all their strength to save the Motherland. A 16-meter obelisk rises in PKiO. This is a monument to the North Kazakhstanis who did not return from the Second World War.
In the area of the Drama Theatre. Pogodin at once several monuments. Conducting excursions to these monuments, it is necessary to tell about the history of their creation.
The rally on the theater square of Petropavlovsk, dedicated to the opening of the memorial complex of glory, became an event that united times and generations. On November 6, 1979, thousands of Petropavlovsk residents came to the square - very young and old people. They have gathered here to bow their heads before the sacred memory of the fallen for the future, for our present day. The shape of this monument is unusual - 4 pilots looking into the sky. The memorial composition opens with sculptural groups. On the left is a young Kazakh man on horseback, next to him is a Red Army soldier with a developing banner. On the right - the soldiers of the VO, closely clinging to each other, they, as it were, took up a circular defense, determined to stop the enemy. The readiness to fight to the end, not sparing life for the sake of victory, unites the sculptural groups into a single image of the Flaming Wrestler.
On June 16, 1999, a monument was erected there to the legendary heroes of the Kazakh people Karasai-batyr and Agyntai-batyr. 2 bronze figures of warriors in armor stand shoulder to shoulder, each has a peak in his hand, batyrs hold a shield in front of them. On June 22, 1999, the opening of the monument took place in the presence of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Not far from our boarding school there is an obelisk in honor of the Afghan soldiers who performed their military duty during the war in Afghanistan. More than a thousand North Kazakhstanis took part in military operations in Afghanistan. 46 lives of our countrymen were claimed by this war. In the summer of 1999, a memorial sign was laid, and in 2002 a modest obelisk of Glory appeared on this site. Here, every year on February 15, on the day of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, Afghan soldiers and their relatives meet in order to pay tribute to those who did not return from the battlefields.
Every year we visit the regional local history museum. Children love to go there. And it's not just that. The guys remember their past visits, compare, discuss the changes. The guide tells very interesting and easy to understand children. The museum has accumulated great material on the history of the city of Petropavlovsk, WWII, modern history of the region. Now the museum is a single complex, which reflects the history of the region from ancient times to the present.
On the basis of documentary material, the theme of the formation of the Kazakh people, the formation of the Kazakh Khanate is revealed. The guys love to listen to material on the Second World War, about the military exploits of the North Kazakhstanis. They read old, yellowed documents, letters, orders. All this evokes a feeling of pride for our people, for our compatriots who fought for the freedom of their descendants.
We also visit the museum "Residence of Abylai Khan". There, the children learned a lot of new and interesting things about the life of a major statesman. Abylai Khan sought to preserve the Kazakh statehood, strengthened economic ties. He played an important role in the history of the emergence of the fortress of St. Peter. The reason for the construction of the fortress was the establishment of political and trade and economic relations between the Russian administration and the khan's authorities.
The hall where it is shown how the Khan lived is interesting (the furnishings of the yurt, his bed with a canopy, everything is in carpets. The predominant color in everything is red). The children also really liked the exposition with Abylai Khan. He looks so real, he seems to be alive. Children take a lot of pictures of the situation, of the Khan himself. A visit to the museum "Residence of Abylai Khan" made the children feel proud of their city. That it was here that the great khan lived, who did so much for the people.
The memory of the past is kept not only by museum stands and memorials, it lives in the named streets and squares.
Meetings with veterans of labor and war also contribute to the upbringing of a sense of patriotism. Going out with their children to the festively decorated streets of the city by May 9, they see how the people sincerely and with great respect congratulate war veterans. The children themselves look at them with admiration. Children know that there was a war in which a huge number of people died. But the victory was ours. And it is precisely those people who defeated the enemy who are walking through the streets.
Our guys also visited Astana. The air flight itself is interesting and unusual for them. And a tour of the capital of our Motherland ... Children take a lot of pictures of beautiful places, sights. Upon arrival, they told about what they saw to those who were not there, shared their impressions.
With the guys you can and should practice hiking memorable places not only cities, but also villages and native villages, to meet people who have accomplished military and labor feats, veterans and home front workers. Just like that, on concrete examples, you can really make you experience and realize feelings of attachment to your native land, to people. In addition, excursions give students the opportunity to get acquainted with the true monuments of history here and now.
Thus, summing up all of the above, conducting excursions to monuments and museums, to the festive streets of the city, meetings with veterans - this is one of the areas of spiritual and moral education of our young generation. Through the traditions of their people, my students gained experience in spiritual and moral values: respect for their native land, the Motherland, the symbols and laws of the state, the older generation, and each other.
One of the main tasks of our preschool educational institution: “enriching the child’s spiritual experience through spiritual and moral education, through a subject-developing environment, the formation of a citizen and patriot Russian Federation, upbringing in the spirit of respect for the traditions of their people and other peoples living nearby.
"Of sacred deeds, the most sacred is education." Saint Theophan the Recluse.
The crisis state of the spiritual and moral sphere of society and the family, as well as all the problems of society, of course, are reflected in the spiritual and moral health of modern children. Spiritual and moral education of the younger generation is the direction that life itself has put forward at the moment as a priority in the education system. XXI century... Today Russia is going through one of the difficult historical periods, but the biggest danger that awaits our society is that material values dominate spiritual ones, and children's ideas about kindness, mercy, generosity, justice, citizenship and patriotism are distorted. Spiritual and moral education must be addressed already in preschool age, as the most emotional and receptive period of childhood, when "hearts are open to virtue." The greatest danger that lies in wait for our society today is not in the collapse of the economy, not in the change of the political system, but in the destruction of the individual. The high level of juvenile delinquency is caused by a general increase in aggressiveness and cruelty in society. Children are distinguished by emotional, strong-willed and spiritual immaturity. Mankind is trying to keep peace and tranquility in its home, to protect children from evil, cruelty and aggression of the surrounding world. From time immemorial, the Word of God sounded in Rus' somehow in a special way. No wonder Rus' was often called Holy. There was no such organizational system back then. preschool education which we have today. And at the moment, having experienced the devastating consequences of atheism, turning our faces to the spiritual ideals that do not pass, we are obliged to preserve and pass on the Divine fire of Orthodox culture to the next generations. It is the first steps in the spiritual education of preschoolers that are the joy of joining the Orthodox traditions of the village of Sukharevo. Preschool childhood is an important period in a child's life, when a sense of one's own abilities, the need for independent activity, basic ideas about the world around, good and evil in it, ideas about family life and native land are formed. “Everything starts from childhood” - indeed, thinking about the origins of moral feelings, we always turn to childhood impressions - this is the trembling of lace from young birch leaves, and native tunes, and the sunrise, and the murmur of spring streams. Education of the child's feelings from the first years of life is an important pedagogical task. A child is not born evil or good, moral or immoral. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents, teachers and adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they enrich. Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving the internal change of each participant, which may be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, but does not reduce the significance of our work. “Let the child feel the beauty and admire it, let the images in which the Motherland is embodied be forever preserved in his heart and memory”. V.A. Sukhomlinsky.
The essence of education is to sow and nurture in the souls of our children the seeds of love for their home, family, nature, history, culture and spiritual wealth of our people. Our work on the spiritual and moral education of children is planned in accordance with the "Basic Educational Program". Taking into account this program, we have chosen the necessary guidelines for the spiritual, moral and patriotic education of children, set ourselves the task of teaching children to be proud of their roots, their ancestry, the history of their people, to love the Motherland as it is!
What might interest a child? Our centuries-old history and culture, patience, kindness, generosity, mercy, the desire for spirituality - this is what has always been at the heart of the life and traditions of the Russian people. Since the habits and values laid down in childhood will become the moral foundation for making vital decisions in the future.
The aim of our work is:
1. Studying the history, culture, natural and ecological originality of the native land, Russia.
2. Formation of civic consciousness, love for the motherland, family, mother.
In our kindergarten, the necessary conditions have been created for organizing work on spiritual and moral education. This, for example, is our pride mini-corner "Russian hut", where children get the opportunity not only to look, but to pick up household items, antiques, tell each other about them. Here we introduce children to folklore. There is also an Immortal Regiment corner dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, where photographs of our countrymen, awards, albums and much more are presented. Working in these corners helps to awaken in children a love for their native land, forming such character traits that will help them become a worthy person and citizen of their homeland. The feeling of love for the Motherland is one of the strongest feelings. Without it, a person does not feel his roots, does not know the history of his people, country. Employees take an active part in creating a subject-spatial environment kindergarten and parents. The kindergarten has a patriotic corner, zones of patriotic education, where teachers carry out educational activities. To achieve the goal of spiritual and moral education, we use the following forms of work in the preschool educational institution:
- Organized educational activities.
- Joint activities of teachers with children in sensitive moments.
- Independent activities of children.
We implement these forms of work through the following activities:
*Orthodox holidays: "Easter", "Christmas", "Shrovetide", "Spasy", "Gatherings", "Feast of the Russian birch", etc.
*Competitions;
*Reading children's Orthodox literature ("Children's Bible");
* Conversations on moral, spiritual, patriotic themes(“Beginnings of wisdom”, “50 lessons about good qualities”, “Help your neighbor”, “My home is Russia”, etc.);
*Educational projects (“Glory to our side, Glory to Russian antiquity! So that children can know about the affairs of their native land!”);
* Consideration of book illustrations and photographs;
*Use in the work of the presentation;
*Productive activities, exhibitions "Christmas" and "Easter", "Birthday of the book", "Take care of all life", "Day seven, love and fidelity".
We attach great importance to excursions.
Excursions to the monument to fallen soldiers, to our mini-museum in the library, to artists from Moscow introduce children to the heroic past of our people, provide fertile ground for raising a worthy citizen of the country, a patriot of their homeland. Trips to the temple and the monastery complex develop such qualities as kindness, patience, mercy, discipline children.
Love for the motherland begins with love for the mother. A person begins with his relationship to his mother. On Mother's Day, gatherings with mothers and grandmothers are held annually in the garden. Kids delight their mothers with touching poems and songs and, of course, give crafts made with love and warmth with their own hands. A child who treats his mother with care and love will undoubtedly show the same feelings for his homeland.
The celebration of Mother's Day never leaves indifferent neither children nor mothers.
We use various forms of work on spiritual and moral education, which allows us to interest children and motivate organized educational activities. The kindergarten has its own mission: first of all, to make children happy and healthy. So that every day the kids stay in kindergarten, they add confidence in themselves and in their abilities, so that communication becomes a lesson in human dignity and mutual respect, so that everyone finds their talent and sphere of genuine interest in life, so that they make friends, rejoice and love.
A teacher for a preschooler is the first person after his parents, teaching him the rules of life in society, expanding his horizons, shaping his interaction in human society. He bears a huge responsibility for today's and future life of the pupil, which requires high professionalism and great mental strength from the teacher.
We must also remember that children are our reflection. First of all, we ourselves must become carriers of the spiritual and moral culture that we strive to instill in children. Therefore, the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of modern domestic education. The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” (Article 2, Clause 2) states that education should be aimed at developing the individual on the basis of “sociocultural, spiritual and moral values and rules and norms of behavior adopted in society in the interests of a person, family, society and state.
One of the main directions of national pedagogy today is addressed to the spiritual and moral values of Russian education and upbringing. This direction is currently the most promising, since it is associated with the restoration of traditions, way of life, historical continuity of generations, the preservation, dissemination and development of national cultures and the development of a careful attitude to the historical heritage of the Russian people. This is exactly what is lacking in our modern society.
Based on the foregoing, our kindergarten began work on spiritual and moral education from the moment it was opened, i.e. since November 2010. We, teachers of the kindergarten in the village of Sukharevo, Valuysky district, Belgorod region, also decided to pay special attention to this. And that is why one of the main tasks of our preschool educational institution for 2017 - 2018 academic year was:
"enriching the child's spiritual experience through spiritual and moral education, through a subject-developing environment, the formation of a citizen and patriot of the Russian Federation, education in the spirit of respect for the traditions of their people and other peoples living nearby."
We solve this problem through organized educational activities, gaming activity during regime moments, the formation of a developing environment in the group and the premises of the kindergarten.
That is why at present it is extremely important to create a normally functioning system of spiritual and moral education in a preschool institution; a system built on the values of traditional spiritual culture, meeting the needs of the development of the child's personality and aimed at the development of a physically, mentally and spiritually healthy person.
After analyzing the personnel, parental potential that has developed in our kindergarten, the material conditions for organizing the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers, the team determined the goals and objectives of the work, the solution of which seems possible only through the inclusion of all its participants in the educational process. The work of our preschool institution can be represented by a set of measures aimed at realizing the tasks of the spiritual and moral education of preschool children in the conditions of structural interaction "teacher - child - family".
The organization of spiritual and moral education in our preschool institution on the basis of the interaction of all subjects of the educational space is carried out through the implementation of the following tasks:
The study of pedagogical literature on the problem;
Identification of the features of the organization of spiritual and moral development in the system of interaction;
Creation of conditions for the organization of this work in kindergarten;
Improving the professional competence and moral potential of preschool teachers.
The implementation of the tasks set is carried out in several directions. Methodological work is aimed at increasing the level of theoretical knowledge of teachers about Orthodox culture and education, mastering various forms and methods of spiritual and moral development of children in various activities, as well as determining the main areas of interaction with the families of pupils. For this purpose, a plan of methodical work with personnel was developed. During the implementation of the plan, the following were held: theoretical seminars, a master class, counseling was organized on various aspects of spiritual and moral education, and the study of methodological literature. Teachers selected and analyzed materials on various areas of the spiritual and moral development of children, which were systematized into sections:
Orthodox holidays in kindergarten;
Productive activity in spiritual and moral education;
Advisory and information material for parents;
Game activity in spiritual and moral education.
A master class was organized, which allowed teachers to master the practical methods and techniques of working with children on spiritual and moral education in various types of children's activities. In the process of work, teachers got acquainted with the temples of the Valuysky district and the Belgorod region, their historical past, interior decoration.
The creation of conditions for the implementation of the spiritual and moral education of children in the conditions of interaction included the organization of the subject-developing space of a preschool institution. The decoration used elements of Orthodox culture: icons, candlesticks. Card files of word games of spiritual and moral content, finger games, rebuses, crossword puzzles, riddles, proverbs and sayings were created, didactic games to familiarize preschoolers with Orthodox culture, within the framework of the project, albums of various themes are drawn up: “Temples of the Belgorod Region”, “Temples of the Valuyskaya Land”, “Holy Places of Russia”, “Orthodox Saints”. Parents are provided with information about Orthodox holidays and family traditions in the villages of Sukharevo and Kurgashki, literature for family reading, advisory material on the spiritual and moral development of children, thematic exhibitions of photographs, crafts, and drawings are periodically held. Memos and consultations are being developed on the topics "Orthodox holidays in winter", "Teachers' advice on the spiritual and moral education of children" and others.
Our preschool institution has its own small library, where theoretical and practical material is collected:
Literature for children (children's bible, stories and parables for children, poems, coloring books);
Literature for parents and teachers;
Demonstration and handout material for organized educational activities;
Games on spiritual and moral education;
Illustrations.
The organization of work in the "teacher - children" system is aimed at the formation of spiritual and moral consciousness and self-awareness in preschoolers, the development of moral qualities, moral behavior. Educators integrate the spiritual and moral content of education into various types of children's activities:
Game: holding finger games "Temple"; didactic "Collect a flower", "Traces are virtues", "Say the opposite"; constructive "Lay out of sticks", "Modeling of the temple"; verbal, mobile, fun games, folk and round dance games. In organizing role-playing games, teachers take into account the moral side of role-playing interaction: the doctor not only treats the sick, he empathizes, shows mercy and compassion, the teacher is patient and friendly, the seller is honest and conscientious;
Productive activities: making crafts for relatives and birthdays, for Orthodox holidays, drawings based on works of art;
Theatrical activity allows you to embody moral feelings in simulated situations "What would you do?", "Let's make peace." In the cultural and aesthetic block, the musical director enriches the impressions of children, they get acquainted with spiritual music, folk song and dance art. Children are always looking forward to the holidays, to which parents are invited "Svyatki", "Christmas", "Angel's Day".
The system "teacher - parents". Interaction with families is organized in several directions. The educational direction involves holding events for parents, revealing the issues of spiritual and moral development and upbringing of children. The topics of the meetings are devoted to family traditions, the spiritual and moral foundations of the family way of life, the annual circle of holidays in the life of the family (“I am a family, kind, people”, “Aggression in the life of a child”). Teachers involve the families of pupils in the design of photo exhibitions “To the temple with the whole family”, “Name day in the family circle”, “To holy places”, making crafts for Orthodox holidays. A new and, as it turned out, productive form of work with the family for us was a weekend trip. Parents are involved in the preparation family tree his family, the creation of mini-museums, the design of various exhibitions. This contributes to the active involvement of parents in the process of spiritual and moral education, family unity, the revival family traditions. The organization of interaction with the family involves holding secular and family holidays. church calendar with the participation of parents and children in their preparation and conduct, enriching the joint leisure of parents and children with excursions, trips, conducting joint classes with children, participation of parents in theatrical productions of moral content.
The creation of a unified system of spiritual and moral education in a preschool institution based on the interaction of all participants in the educational process has brought positive results. It is possible to trace the positive dynamics of the level of moral development of pupils: preschoolers have the necessary knowledge and ideas about moral norms and rules of behavior in various situations, they can give a moral assessment of their behavior and the actions of other people, they can see the state of other people, show responsiveness. The most important criterion for evaluating spiritual and moral education in the context of interaction between teachers, children and parents can be considered the ability of children to apply knowledge about moral norms and rules in independent activities, to show attention and mercy, help. This is reflected in the games and communication of children with peers, attitudes towards older and younger, to nature.
Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving the internal change of each participant, which may be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, but does not reduce the significance of our work. Within the kindergarten, the teacher is given important powers: he is entrusted with parental authority, he not only teaches and educates children, he gives food to the mind and heart. Realizing that the educator is dealing with inexperienced, open and unprotected children, we can conclude that there is tremendous trust in the bearer of this high title.
Our work on the spiritual and moral education of children is based on a comprehensive program "From birth to school » under the editorship of N.E.Veraksa, educational area "Cognitive development". Teachers also draw information and interesting material from the partial program on Orthodox culture "Good World", ed. L.L. Shevchenko and use technologies from the program “Socialization of preschoolers by means of spiritual and moral culture” by A.V. Peresypkina., “Introduction of older preschoolers to the traditions of their native land” by L.O. Timofeeva, partial regional programs have become a great help in the work “ Come out to play in the yard” by L.N. Voloshina, “Hello, the world of Belogorye” by L.V. Serykh.
Goal of the work: To lay the foundations of a spiritual and moral personality with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement and harmonious interaction with other people.
Tasks:
To introduce children to the spiritual and moral tradition of the Russian people;
Contribute to the overall development of the child, instilling in him love for the Motherland (family, loved ones, Russian culture, Russian language, nature).
To form moral consciousness and moral assessments;
Help children learn social skills and behaviors through shared activities and mutual assistance.
Forms of work on spiritual and moral education:
Acquaintance with calendar orthodox and public holidays and holding some of them (Maslenitsa, towards Easter)
Thematic exhibitions of children's creativity,
Acquaintance of children with the life of Orthodox saints and defenders of the Russian land, as an example of high spirituality and morality, patriotism in the form of a story using video films, children's literature before the day of memory of the saint as a separate lesson or as part of a lesson to familiarize oneself with others before Defender of the Fatherland Day, Victory Day .
Excursions to the temple in order to get acquainted with the features of architecture,
Excursions to nature (the beauty of God's world)
Listening to bell and sacred music at the thematic organized educational activities for musical education using appropriate recordings,
Staging skits on moral topics (about forgiveness, hard work, respect for elders).
First people learn Christian love in native family, then - to all relatives, and then to all people, therefore, we begin our work on spiritual and moral education with the education of love for the mother through:
Questionnaires to identify the formed knowledge in children about the mother and attitude towards her, analysis together with the children of their answers;
Reading fairy tales, which most clearly show the power of maternal love, her wisdom, sacrifice for her child, which teach children to understand the importance of their help to their mother, to be attentive to her: "Legends of Mothers" by Ivan Pankin, "Colorful Butterfly" by Andrey Platonov, " Tit" by Alexei Tolstoy, "Cuckoo" Nenets fairy tale, "Ayoga" Nanai fairy tale, "Bread and Salt" by Alexei Logunov, "Mother's Love" Korean fairy tale.
Games: "Interview with Mom", "Tender Fanta",
Conversations: “There is no sweeter friend than your own mother”, “Tell me about your mother”
Organized educational activities: "The image of a loving mother in the icons of the Most Holy Theotokos", "From the Earthly Mother to the Heavenly Mother"
Excursions to work with moms,
Memorizing poems about mom, making gifts for moms, grandmothers,
Creative works - portraits of mothers or the whole family from different materials.
Joint activities for children and mothers.
In the course of such work, children understand more and more clearly the connection between their behavior and the mood of their mother and loved ones.
One of the forms of work with children on self-knowledge in the world of people is “lessons of kindness”.
These are conversations on moral topics: "Once upon a time I was." “Respect your father and mother - there will be grace in life”, “Where there are good people, there will be no trouble”, “Do a good deed boldly”, What do we call the Motherland? The house we live in, which includes reading and discussing with children a small literary work selected in accordance with the topic of direct educational activity, games, situational tasks, examining didactic material. It is supposed to use in the practical part of various types artistic activity drawing, application, modeling. Productive activity develops fine motor skills hands, contributes to the formation of aesthetic taste, expands children's ideas about the world and its properties. Developing, the child cannot “assert itself in general”. He asserts himself necessarily on the basis of some impressive examples of his. The Russian cultural tradition sacredly preserves the images of heroes - defenders of the Fatherland, Orthodox saints. Children's consciousness fuses with them easily and naturally, because. these are real historical figures, many character traits, actions and even statements of which are carefully preserved in the people's memory and written history. From the stories of the teacher, literature, video films, artistic historical films, children learn about the epic Ilya Muromets not only as a real historical person, but also as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church, who ended his days in old age as a monk of the Kiev-Pechora Lavra. About Dmitry Donskoy, the young prince of Moscow, who defeated the huge army of Mamai, on the Kulikovo field. Alexander Nevsky - the brave defender of Rus' from the German and Swedish conquerors, Fedor Ushakov, Alexander Suvorov, Kutuzov, who performed not only a military, but also a spiritual feat.
The theme of defenders of the Fatherland would not be fully disclosed without serious attention to the role of women. It is understandable respect for the courage and sacrifice of a woman participating in battles, for her labor exploits in everyday life, but it seems to us very important to reveal something else. The fundamental understanding of the defense of the Fatherland is that women keep the family, give birth and raise children. Without this, the heroes have nothing and no one to protect.
An important role for the development of the spiritual and moral sphere of the child is played by classical music, spiritual singing, listening chimes. We try to make children go from Russian folklore, which is close and accessible to children's understanding, through children's musical classics, to the heights of the work of Russian composers and spiritual singing, again accessible to children.
The priority of the spiritual also pervades folk calendar, serving as a canvas for the annual cycle. Here it is enough to mention the folk and Orthodox holidays with which we introduce children - Christmas, Maslenitsa, the Annunciation, Easter, Trinity, the Transfiguration of the Lord.
Rus' has always been famous for its ability to work creatively and joyfully celebrate. In our kindergarten, both children and adults discover with great interest wonderful holidays and rituals of the village of Sukharevo and the village of Kurgashki, which teach not only to have fun, but also to comprehend the essence of what is happening together.
Acquaintance with an Orthodox church, its architectural features, its purpose is one of the forms of introducing children to spiritual culture, which takes place in the form of an excursion to the church and the monastery complex.
Children, under the guidance of a teacher and a priest, get acquainted with the interior of the church, visit the library, look at the bell tower, listen to the ringing of bells and have the opportunity to compare.
Starting to acquaint children with works of fine art that introduce children to the world of high spiritual and moral images, we talk about the fact that the first Russian artists - painters were the representatives of church painting.
The word "icon" means "image". According to ancient tradition icons write (draw with paints) on the board. An icon or an image is called an image of Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, angels and holy people. The icon accompanies a person in all places and deeds. Icons can be seen in churches, houses where Orthodox people live. We often see the icon in a car. Many people wear an icon on their chest - this is a chest icon. The icon is somewhat similar to a holy book. Only in the holy book do we read holy words, and on the icon we see holy faces, whom we ask for help and protection.
In the spiritual and moral education of the child, the interaction of the teacher with the family is of great importance. But in most modern families, the way of life in accordance with Orthodox traditions lost.
It can be concluded that the majority of parents (namely 58% according to the results of the survey) are very concerned about the spiritual development of their children and try to use many opportunities for their moral development.
Information and educational material for adults related to the Orthodox calendar is systematically placed in a corner for parents.
In our kindergarten, children live in a cozy world of warmth and kindness, in a world of spirituality and fantasy. After all, all the best that begins to form in kindergarten will be reflected in later life and will have an exceptional impact on the subsequent development and spiritual and moral achievements of a person.
It is necessary to talk about spiritual and moral education from an early age. The teacher in kindergarten should be able to help the child by directing him in the right direction. He should strive not to suppress, but to direct the initiative of the pupils; to develop their public opinion, to develop children's self-government.
From the pedagogical skill of the educator depends on his influence on the personality of the child and assistance in socialization.
The purpose of our work is to increase the professional competence of preschool teachers in the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers through the introduction of the Good World program by L.L. Shevchenko since 2014. Methodological work in the preschool educational institution is aimed at solving the following problems:
- activation of teachers to realize the relevance of the problem;
- increasing the professional competence of teachers through the creation of a system of work on the implementation of the Good World program by L. L. Shevchenko;
- education effective ways work with children;
- creation of a subject-spatial environment conducive to the spiritual and moral education of children;
- training educators in effective ways of communicating with parents in matters of spiritual and moral education.
Our work in this direction was carried out in three stages:
Stage 1 - informational - analytical
Stage 2 - practical
Stage 3 - control and evaluation
- Information and analytical stage
- Analysis of the level of preparedness of teachers, drawing the attention of parents to the problem of cooperation in the spiritual and moral education of children.
- Questioning of teachers.
- Parent survey.
- Analysis of the level of spiritual and moral development of children.
Having studied the work in this area, having conducted a survey among parents and teachers, they revealed the conditions for the state of work in spiritual and moral education.
In the course of diagnosing the professional competence of kindergarten teachers in matters of spiritual and moral education of preschoolers, we saw that the teachers did not show excellent knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers.
The attempts made to date to educate a spiritual and moral personality show that the weakest point in this activity is the family. The surveys conducted, conversations with parents showed that parents need to be helped to realize that, first of all, moral and spiritual customs and values \u200b\u200bmust be preserved and transmitted in the family, that it is parents who are more responsible for raising children.
Stage 2 - practical
Work on spiritual and moral education is carried out in the following areas:
Working with teaching staff;
Work with children;
Working with parents;
Interaction with society.
- Increasing the professional level of knowledge of teachers on this issue.
- Creation of favorable conditions for working with children.
- Formation of an active position among parents on issues of spiritual and moral education.
- Activation of interaction with society.
To solve the problem of improving the level of pedagogical skills, a variety of forms and methods of work are used.
Consultations (“Education of the spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of children in the process of interaction between preschool educational institutions, families, public organizations”, “Introduction and study of the Good World program”, “The influence of the word on the inner world of the child”) supplemented the theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers with the missing information, and also expanded, deepened and systematized them.
Seminars - workshops - helped educators to more deeply understand the essence of the methodology of work on the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers.
In addition, such forms of work as viewing video recordings of the OOD of colleagues from other preschool educational institutions with subsequent discussion are effective; master classes. Teacher Kartashova N.V. preparing for self-education
